国内转炉挡渣技术的探讨

经过多年发展,转炉挡渣技术已有了长足发展,挡渣塞和滑动水囗已渐渐成为挡渣技术的主要发展方向。实现挡渣设备的自动化和小型化,提高挡渣操作的成功率,会扩大挡渣技术的应用领域。     

国内转炉挡渣技术的探讨

经过多年发展,转炉挡渣技术已有了长足发展,挡渣塞和滑动水囗已渐渐成为挡渣技术的主要发展方向。实现挡渣设备的自动化和小型化,提高挡渣操作的成功率,会扩大挡渣技术的应用领域。     

挡渣球和挡渣塞技术在转炉炼钢的应用

介绍了档渣球和挡渣塞技术在转炉炼钢的实际应用，有利于降低原材料消耗、增加企业效益。     

转炉挡渣出钢技术研究

简述了转炉出钢下渣的危害,介绍了三种不同的下渣形式。结合本钢炼钢厂生产实践,根据不同的下渣形式有针对性的提出具体的控制措施。着重介绍了用挡渣帽挡出钢前期下渣,挡渣镖挡出钢后期下渣的双挡渣方法。详述了这两种挡渣方法的具体原理以及设备特点,并针对存在问题进行了原因分析,提出了改进措施。成功实现了出钢全过程的下渣控制。     

完善转炉挡渣出钢技术

本文闸述了宝钢300t转炉完善挡渣出钢技术所做的工作,开发了挡渣帽,改造了挡渣球装置,论证和改进了挡渣球参数,总结了挡渣操作诀窍,加强了出钢口管理,从而明显地改善了转炉挡渣效果。     

转炉挡渣出钢技术的探讨

通过对国内外多种挡渣出钢的方法进行比较．并对转炉挡渣的可行性、挡渣效果及挡渣装置成本进行了技术探讨。认为转炉采用挡渣塞挡渣出钢，与移动钢包车将出钢结束时流淌的炉渣浇到钢包外侧相结合的方法．是目前转炉挡渣出钢的最佳选择。     

气动挡渣技术在包钢120t转炉的应用研究

介绍了转炉气动挡渣的原理以及该设备在包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司120t转炉上的使用情况。应用初期,存在钢渣粘结并需要人工处理的情况,通过选用合适的喷涂材料,解决了这一问题。该技术使转炉下渣平均厚度南原来的97．3mm降低到46．9mm,不仅减少了钢水回磷,而且提高了合金的收得率,给企业带来了明显的经济效益。     

挡渣镖挡渣工艺在鞍钢的应用

介绍了鞍钢股份第三炼钢连轧厂260t转炉采用的挡渣镖挡渣工艺的布置、操作过程、主要工艺设备及参数,并将其与挡渣球挡渣工艺和气动挡渣工艺相比较,阐述了地面轨道型挡渣镖工艺的优点.     

Flow Characteristics of Skimming Flows in Stepped Channels

Skimming flows in stepped channels are systematically investigated under a wide range of channel slopes (5.7°?θ?55°). The flow conditions of skimming flows are classified into two flow regimes, and the hydraulic conditions required to form a quasi-uniform flow are determined. An aerated flow depth of a skimming flow is estimated from the assumption that the residual energy at the end of a stepped channel coincides with the energy at the toe of the jump formed immediately downstream of the stepped channel. In a quasi-uniform flow region, the friction factor of skimming flows is represented by the relative step height and the channel slope. The friction factor for the channel slope of θ=19° appears to have a maximum. The residual energy of skimming flows is formulated for both nonuniform and quasi-uniform flow regions. Further, a hydraulic-design chart for a stepped channel is presented.     

一种自动捞渣装置在熔铅锅捞渣中的应用

熔铅锅捞渣一直是国内铅冶炼行业的一个难题,文章介绍了一种熔铅锅自动捞渣装置的结构和原理,以及该装置自动捞渣取代原有熔铅锅人工捞渣生产实际应用情况,为国内同行业熔铅锅捞渣提供了一种借鉴。     

Characteristics of Skimming Flow over Stepped Spillways

This paper presents the results of a laboratory study on the characteristics of fully developed skimming flow in a large model of a stepped spillway for two slopes, for a range of discharges with yc∕h in the range of 0.7–4.4. Fully developed aerated flow on a stepped spillway can be divided into lower and upper regions, similar to those for self-aerated flow in steep chutes. The air concentration distributions in these two regions agree with the equations developed by Straub and Anderson for flow in steep chutes. It was found that the depth at which the air concentration is equal to 90% can be considered as the depth of aerated flow on stepped spillways. In the lower region, the velocity profiles were described by the Karman-Prandtl equation for rough turbulent flow when an equivalent bed roughness was used. A correlation was developed for the skin friction coefficient to predict the Reynolds shear stress at the virtual bed of the stepped spillway. It was found that the relative energy loss in the stepped spillway is in the range of 48–63%. It was also found that the mean air concentration on a stepped spillway is larger than that in a corresponding chute.     

Onset of Skimming Flow on Stepped Spillways

Assuming that skimming flow occurs when the jet leaving a step has a slope equal to that of the stepped spillway when it impinges on the pool behind it on the next step, an equation has been developed to predict the incipient value of yc/h, where yc = critical depth and h = step height. This equation was found to agree well with most of the experimental observations for h∕l greater than about 1.0, where l = step length. For h∕l = 1.7, the incipient value of yc/h = 0.24, whereas for values of h∕l smaller than about 0.8, yc/h is almost constant at 0.8.     

Hydraulics of Skimming Flow on Modeled Stepped Spillways

Two sets of models of stepped spillways of slope 1 upon 0.6 with the same crest-shape and with a range of step sizes (0.25–2.0 m on the 1:10 scale and 0.5–2.0 m on the 1:20 scale models) were built and studied. In the range of prototype unit flows considered (0.8–3.8 m2∕s on the 1:10 scale models and 1.8–21.7 m2∕s on the 1:20 models), the residual specific energy is independent of these step sizes, at positions where measurements were made on the spillways (from 30 m below the crest) once fully aerated skimming flow is established. The residual specific energy at the toe of a 50-m-high (or higher) stepped spillway, within the range of step heights tested, is <60% of the residual specific energy at the same level on a similar smooth spillway experiencing flows up to 20 m2∕s; at these flows and at this height, the stepped spillway was found to be in equilibrium. The reduction of specific energy is lower than that expected from previous studies; these findings are likely to impact on the design of stepped spillways.     

鞍钢铁水脱硫扒渣发展综述

为了满足生产低硫高附加值产品的需要，铁水预处理作为钢铁冶金生产工艺的一个重要手段，越来越得到业内人士的认同，特别是铁水炉外脱硫扒渣近年来发展较快。介绍鞍钢铁水脱硫扒渣发展的3个阶段及扒渣工艺设备的优化与改进情况；对国产脱硫工艺设备、美国ESM复合喷粉脱硫工艺设备以及德国POLYSUIS复合喷粉脱硫工艺进行了全面的对比分析。鞍钢铁水脱硫扒渣发展过程充分实践了鞍钢“高起点、少投入、快产出、高效益”的技改方针。