丙烷在Pt-Sn-K/Al_2O_3催化剂上的临氢脱氢反应

制备出Pt-Sn-K/Al_2O_3催化剂,考察了丙烷在这种催化剂上高温临氢脱氢反应的行为,与Pt-Sn/Al_2O_3催化剂比较,Pt-Sn-K/Al_2O_3催化剂的丙烯收率明显提高,稳定性也有所改善。对催化剂的脱氢活性与催化剂中Pt、Sn、K含量关系的研究表明,催化剂的Sn/Pt原子比应调整在较低数值(0.66—1.64),催化剂中K含量不宜过高,适宜的K含量为≤2.0％(w)。     

浸渍顺序对PtSnNa/ZSM-5催化剂丙烷脱氢性能的影响

The effects of the sequence for impregnation of metal precursors on the performance of PtSnNa/ZSM-5 catalyst for propane dehydrogenation to propene were studied in this paper. Some methods such as XRD, TPDA, BET, H2-TPR, XPS, ICP, TEM and hydrogen chemisorption were used to characterize the catalysts. The structure of ZSM-5 zeolite was not destroyed by the introduction of metal components. Meanwhile the different impregnation sequence of metal precursors could affect the behavior of Sn4＋ species entering the ZSM-5 channel, and the interaction between platinum and tin species, as well as the degree for reduction of Pt and Sn components. As a result, the prepared catalysts exhibited different reac- tion activity and selectivity. Compared with the co-impregnation treated catalyst, the catalysts prepared by the sequential impregnation method showed better catalytic activity in propane dehydrogenation, especially the one prepared through impregnation with tin precursor at first. Finally, a model for the effect of impregnation sequence on the distribution of Pt and Sn species in PtSnNa/ZSM-5 catalyst was proposed.     

镓对PtSnNa/ZSM-5催化剂丙烷脱氢反应性能的影响

PtSnNaGa/ZSM-5 catalysts with different contents of Ga were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption, hydrogen chemisorption, ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) techniques. The performances of these catalysts for propane dehydrogenation were investigated. The test results indicated that the addition of Ga not only could improve the catalytic stability and propene selectivity, but also could effectively prevent the catalysts from coking. It was found that the PtSnNaGa(0.5 m%)/ZSM-5 catalyst exhibited the best performance in terms of propene selectivity and propane conversion. The high catalytic performance was most probably attributed to the presence of Ga that could strength- en the interaction between metals and the support to stabilize the catalytic active sites.     

水蒸气对Pt-Sn-Ce催化剂的丙烷脱氢性能的影响

 摘要：以γ-Al2O3为载体, 采用连续等体积浸渍法制备了0.3%Pt/γ-Al2O3、0.3%Pt-0.9%Sn/γ-Al2O3和0.3%Pt-0.9%Sn/2.2%Ce-γ-Al2O3 3种Pt金属催化剂。考察了在C3H8催化脱氢制C3H6的体系中, 引入不同量的水蒸气对3种催化剂的催化脱氢性能的影响。结果表明,水蒸气的存在加速了0.3%Pt/γ-Al2O3和0.3%Pt-0.9%Sn/γ-Al2O3催化剂的失活, 同时降低了C3H6的选择性, 但对0.3%Pt-0.9%Sn/2.2%Ce-γ-Al2O3催化剂的稳定性影响较小。在0.3%Pt-0.9%Sn/2.2%Ce-γ-Al2O3体系中,水蒸气可以明显地提高C3H8的脱氢反应转化率和降低催化剂上的积炭量。对水蒸气处理后的Pt催化剂进行H2-化学吸附量测定的结果表明, Ce可以通过与活性中心Pt的强相互作用, 提高Pt粒子在水蒸气气氛下的抗烧结能力。C3H8脱氢转化率的提高是由于CeO中的活泼O与活泼H反应产生OH基团,OH基团参与了C3H8的β-H的消除反应, 提高了C3H8的脱氢速率。以γ-Al₂O₃为载体, 采用连续等体积浸渍法制备了0.3%Pt/γ-Al₂O₃、 0.3%Pt-0.9%Sn/γ-Al₂O₃和0.3%Pt-0.9%Sn/2.2%Ce-γ-Al₂O₃3种Pt 金属催化剂。考察了在丙烷（C₃H₈）催化脱氢制丙烯（C₃H₆）的体系中,引入不同量的水蒸气对3种催化剂的催化脱氢性能的影响。结果表明,水蒸气的存在加速了0.3%Pt/γ-Al₂O₃和0.3%Pt-0.9%Sn/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的失活,同时降低了C₃H₆的选择性,但对0.3%Pt-0.9%Sn/2.2%Ce-γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的稳定性影响较小。在0.3%Pt-0.9%Sn/2.2%Ce-γ-Al₂O₃体系中,水蒸气可以明显地提高 C₃H₈的脱氢反应转化率和降低催化剂上的积炭量。对水蒸气处理后的 Pt 催化剂进行 H₂-化学吸附量测定的结果表明,Ce 可以通过与活性中心 Pt 的强相互作用,提高 Pt 粒子在水蒸气气氛下的抗烧结能力。C₃H₈脱氢转化率的提高是由于CeO 中的活泼O 与活泼H 反应产生OH 基团,OH 基团参与了 C₃H₈的 β-H 的消除反应, 提高了C₃H₈的脱氢速率。     

Ag对钼磷酸盐催化剂丙烷氧化脱氢性能的影响

借助催化剂性能评价、XRD、电导率测定、H2-TPR和XPS技术考察助剂Ag对钼磷酸催化剂丙烷氧化脱氢性能和催化剂性质的影响。结果表明,在Ag-Mo-P-O催化剂中形成Mo6++Ag0 Mo5+(Mo4+)+Ag+的氧化-还原循环,并且在催化剂中AgMoO2PO4和MoO3两相之间存在由"一致性界面"引起的协同效应,提高了催化剂的氧化还原性。在催化剂中添加适量的Ag,有助于获得高丙烯选择性和高收率。     

丙烷均相氧化脱氢及反应动力学模拟

在不锈钢连续流动反应器内进行丙烷均相氧化脱氢的小型试验。丙烷转化率５５％～７５％时，主要产物Ｃ３Ｈ６、Ｃ２Ｈ４、ＣＨ４及ＣＯｘ（ＣＯ＋ＣＯ２）收率（按丙烷）分别为１７％～１９％、１９％～２８％、８％～１４％及１０％～１４％及约２．５％的乙烷。得出了符合本试验条件的以自由基反应机理为基础的动力学模型。用模型计算得的产物收率与试验结果吻合甚好。以丙烯收率为目标函数，对反应条件做了优化，得丙烯最高收率及相应的乙烯收率分别为２２％及３６％，丙烷转化率为８８．５％。反应条件为：温度８７０Ｋ（恒温），Ｏ２／Ｃ０３值０．４４，停留时间１．７ｓ。     

丙烷脱氢制丙烯催化剂研究的进展

丙烯是化工行业重要的基础原料,受丙烯下游产品的拉动,国内外对丙烯的需求量逐年递增。丙烯主要来源于石油的催化裂解,但石油资源的日益匮乏无法满足全球对丙烯的需求,因此研究丙烷脱氢制丙烯工艺具有重大的实际意义。笔者综述了丙烷通过直接脱氢、氧气或二氧化碳氧化脱氢等方法制丙烯的反应热力学、反应机理及常用催化剂体系,论述了各种催化剂的作用机制、催化剂表面的活性物种和性质,评价了它们的丙烷脱氢反应性能,并展望了丙烷脱氢制丙烯的发展方向。     

分子筛载体对Pt-Sn-Na三组分丙烷脱氢催化剂性能的影响

采用等体积分步浸渍法,分别以不同n(SiO_2):n(Al_2O_3)的ZSM-5和β分子筛以及以一定比例机械混合的ZSM-5和β分子筛为载体,制备负载型Pt-Sn-Na三组分丙烷脱氢催化剂,在固定床微型反应装置上对制备的催化剂进行了丙烷脱氢性能评价,并采用NH_3-TPD方法对催化剂进行了表征。实验结果表明,以n(SiO_2):n(Al_2O_3)=100的ZSM-5分子筛和n(SiO_2):n(Al_2O_3)=80的β分子筛进行机械混合得到的混合分子筛为载体,制备的Pt-Sn-Na/ZSM-5-β催化剂的丙烷脱氢性能较好,在n(H_2):n(C_3H_8)=1:1、C_3H_8的重时空速2 h~(-1)、反应压力0.1 MPa、反应温度600℃的条件下,丙烷转化率约为28.0%,丙烯选择性大于等于98.6%。     

混合稀土的添加对PtSnNa/ZSM-5催化剂丙烷脱氢性能的影响

The influence of mischmetal addition on physicochemical properties of PtSnNa/ZSM-5 catalyst was studied by means of XRF,H 2 chemisorption,XRD,TPR,NH 3-TPD and TPO techniques.The results showed that the presence of mischmetal had an obvious impact on the catalytic performance of the PtSnNa/ZSM-5 catalyst.A suitable content of mischmetal not only could enhance the interactions between Pt species and the support,but also inhibit the formation of coke during the reaction,thus improving the catalytic activity and stability.In our experiments,when the content of mischmetal was 3m%,the catalyst exhibited best catalytic performance.However,the continuous addition of mischmetal could promote the reduction of Sn species to metallic tin,which was disadvantageous to the reaction.     

Kinetics of Propane Oxidative Dehydrogenation to Propylene

Abstract:

The reaction mechanism of propane includes dehydrogenation, oxidative dehydrogenation by applying oxygen and carbon dioxide as oxidative resource, catalyst, catalytic method, kinetics, and so on. This study introduces the reaction system of propane oxidative dehydrogenation in detail. Propane dehydrogenation catalyst, its support, and assistant catalyst are discussed, as well as Biloen, Kaidong Chen, Chen Guangwen, and J. Gascón C's catalytic processing and kinetics, which includes the isotope tracing method, the mechanism of surface adsorption, and Langmuir-Hinshelood.     

纳米碳纤维负载磷氧化物催化剂催化丙烷氧化脱氢研究

考察了纳米碳纤维(CNF)、活性炭、石墨以及CNF负载磷氧化物催化剂催化丙烷氧化脱氢(ODP)反应性能。采用SEM、HRTEM、XRD、TG和BET表征了催化剂的组成和结构。结果表明炭材料自身对于ODP过程具有较高的活性和选择性,尤其是CNF由于其独特的结构特点更适合用作ODP过程催化剂。负载磷氧化物提高了CNF催化剂的适用温度,并提高了丙烯产得率。以磷酸氢二铵为前驱体,负载于经液相氧化处理的CNF上可以得到高选择性的ODP过程催化剂,在500℃下,丙烷转化率为42.07%时,丙烯选择性达到39.63%。     

不同的制备方法对PtSnNa/AlSBA-15 催化剂在丙烷脱氢性能的影响

The present article compares the propane dehydrogenation performance of alumina binder-added PtSnNa/ AlSBA-15 catalysts prepared via three different procedures in comparison with the performance of a binder-free PtSnNa/AlSBA-15 catalyst. All these catalysts have been investigated by reaction tests and some physico-chemical characterizations such as BET, H2 chemisorption, catalytic grain crushing strength, NH3-TPD and TPO analyses. Test results showed that the addition of alumina binder could enhance the mechanical strength of catalyst evidently. Moreover, the different preparation procedures not only modified the characteristics of both acid and metal functions but also affected the coke deposition on the catalysts. Among these catalysts studied, the catalyst prepared by impregnation followed by the agglomeration of alumina binder had exhibited the highest catalytic activity and stability compared with other catalyst samples undergoing different preparation procedures. The possible reason may be attributed to the highest metallic dispersion and the strong interactions among Pt, Sn and the support.     

丙烷脱氢制丙烯工艺技术

针对目前全球丙烯及其衍生物需求量不断增长的趋势,丙烷脱氢制丙烯已成为第三位的丙烯来源。本文详细介绍了现已工业化的美国 UOP公司(Oleflex工艺)和美国 ABB Lummus公司(Catofin工艺)的丙烷脱氢制丙烯工艺技术,并对 Oleflex工艺和Catofin工艺进行比较。     

Propane Dehydrogenation on PtSnNa/AlSBA-15 Catalyst:Influence of Tin as a Promoter

PtSnNa/AlSBA-15 catalysts with different amounts of Sn were prepared for propane dehydrogenation.The catalysts were characterized by XRF,BET,H2 chemisorption,NH3-TPD,H2-TPR,and TPO techniques.Test results indicated that the presence of tin not only modified the acid function and the interfacial character between metal and support,but also reduced the coke deposition effectively.Among these catalysts investigated thereby,the PtSn(0.7%)Na/AlSBA-15 catalyst had the best catalytic performance in terms of propane conversion and stability.With the continuous addition of Sn,more amounts of Sn0 species appeared,which was unfavorable to the reaction.The PtSn(0.7%)Na/AlSBA-15 catalyst was parametrically characterized in order to obtain necessary information to integrate the process operating conditions.A weight hourly space velocity of 3 h-1,a reaction temperature of 610 ℃ and a H2/C3H8 molar ratio of 0.25 were found to be optimum conditions for achieving a higher dehydrogenation activity of the catalyst.     

助剂对Pt/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂丙烷脱氢性能的影响

采用一系列金属氧化物助剂(Ce,Sn,Zn,V,La,C r,Fe,Zr,M n的氧化物)对Pt/γ-A l2O3催化剂进行修饰,通过丙烷催化脱氢反应考察了不同助剂对Pt/γ-A l2O3催化剂脱氢性能的影响。研究结果表明,经修饰的Pt/γ-A l2O3催化剂的脱氢性能有不同程度的改善。加入CeO2,SnO2,ZrO2助剂,Pt/γ-A l2O3催化剂的丙烷脱氢活性显著提高,丙烷的初始转化率分别提高了9.2%,8.2%,8.1%;加入ZnO助剂,丙烯选择性显著提高,丙烯初始选择性高达97%;SnO2助剂对改善Pt/γ-A l2O3催化剂的稳定性效果最好。采用氢气程序升温还原对催化剂进行表征,表征结果显示,金属氧化物助剂经还原后仍以氧化态形式存在,未以单质形式与铂形成合金。     

丙烷脱氢氧化制丙烯反应动力学研究进展

从化学反应的原理、催化剂、催化原理和反应动力学等方面,详细地介绍了丙烷脱氢氧化的反应体系,分别就丙烷脱氢氧化催化剂及其载体和助剂的特点进行了概述,重点论述了Biloen、KaidongChen、陈光文和CJGasc幃n的催化历程及反应动力学。     

助剂对PtSn/SBA-15催化剂丙烷脱氢性能的影响

考察了金属助剂K,Mg,Zn对Pt Sn/SBA-15催化剂催化丙烷脱氢性能的影响,并采用N2吸附-脱附、SEM、TG、H2-TPR和CO脉冲吸附原位漫反射红外光谱等方法对载体和催化剂进行了表征。实验结果表明,助剂对Pt Sn/SBA-15催化剂的丙烷脱氢性能有显著影响,K助剂对催化剂不利,而Mg和Zn助剂能显著改善Pt Sn/SBA-15催化剂的催化性能,含Mg或Zn的Pt Sn/SBA-15催化剂脱氢活性高、稳定性好。Mg和Zn助剂能提高催化剂的Pt分散度,且可能有部分活性组分进入分子筛孔道,同时Mg和Zn助剂能增加Pt粒子周围的电子密度,高的电子密度使得Pt与生成的烯烃双键之间的相互作用力减弱,从而使烯烃容易从催化剂表面脱附,提高催化剂的性能。     

冲击波处理的结晶MgO催化剂的研究Ⅰ．催化丙烷脱氢反应的研究

结晶氧化镁经冲击波处理后晶粒变小，且趋于均匀，并产生大量缺陷，形成Ｆ心。经处理后的结晶氧化镁用作丙烷脱氢制丙烯反应的催化剂，丙烷转化率、丙烯产率及选择性均有一些提高。讨论了可能的结构模型和催化机理。     

丙烷脱氢与逆水煤气变换耦合制丙烯——碱性助剂对Cr/SiO_2体系催化性能的影响

研究了丙烷脱氢与逆水煤气变换耦合制丙烯反应中碱性助剂对Cr/SiO2体系催化性能影响。运用XRD、TPR和吸附量热等技术考察了金属氧化物助剂对Cr/SiO2催化剂物相、氧化还原性以及表面酸性的影响,结果表明,碱金属和碱土金属助剂的加入,中和了催化剂表面的强酸中心,催化剂还原温度升高,丙烷脱氢转化率下降。但碱性助剂的加入,可提高丙烯的选择性和收率。5%Cr 0 4%K/SiO2催化剂的活性高,在650℃、V(CO2)/V(C3H8)=3 6的条件下,丙烷转化率为31%,丙烯的选择性和收率分别为91%和29%。     

Pt系催化剂在丙烷脱氢反应中的研究进展

丙烯是重要的有机化工原料和石油化工中间体,近年来,受丙烯下游产业的拉动,国内外对丙烯的需求持续增长。丙烷直接脱氢技术是只以丙烷为原料生产丙烯的工艺,具有收率高,技术成熟,投资成本低的特点,受到广泛重视。针对丙烷直接脱氢技术的Pt系催化剂的作用机理、制备方法、动力学及失活行为等内容进行了综述,也对新型纳米碳材料催化剂在该技术中的应用研究进行了初步讨论,最后总结了目前催化剂研究中存在的一些问题,并提出了相应的改进方法。