让纳若尔油田采出水处理汽提脱硫阻垢技术

让纳若尔油田采出水处理汽提脱硫工艺，高温工况下结垢严重，筛选合适的阻垢剂并对其进行应用评价，使脱硫塔达到良好的运行效果。文章分析了汽提脱硫装置结垢原因，进行了常规阻垢剂筛选评价、新型合成阻垢剂性能评价、化学平衡防垢技术的研究。结果表明：现场试运行实验投加有机复合酸离子调整剂A40 mg/L、新型合成阻垢剂G-3为30 mg/L，作为适合本工程的阻垢剂。     

石南油田采出水处理药剂筛选及性能评价

根据新疆油田石南4井区采出水高含盐、强腐蚀、结垢、药剂絮凝反应效果差的水质特性,通过室内实验及药剂评价,筛选出适宜的水质净化剂及稳定剂。在净水剂加药量为100 mg/L,助凝剂加药量4.0 mg/L,催化剂加药量30 mg/L,缓蚀剂加药量为50 mg/L,阻垢剂加药量为15～20 mg/L时,采出水处理效果较好,有效降低了腐蚀结垢强度,满足Q/SYXJ 0065—2003《克拉玛依油田注水水质标准》要求。采用此药剂处理,成本为1.17元/m3。     

给水处理纳滤膜阻垢剂性能评价

针对浙江某给水厂纳滤（NF）工程筛选合适的阻垢剂的需求,采用静态法和改进的动态法评价了5种商品阻垢剂（3种含磷、2种不含磷）。静态实验表明,5种阻垢剂的阻垢效果存在差异,但实验条件与实际工程运行环境差距大,无法得出适用于工程需要的阻垢剂最优投加量。在改进的基于浓缩原水的部分循环法动态实验中,5号阻垢剂在投量为2 mg/L时阻垢性能最优,但会导致NF浓水磷浓度超出0.06 mg/L的限值;在满足浓水TP要求下,2号阻垢剂、2 mg/L投量为最佳选择。静态和动态实验均表明,含磷阻垢剂的阻垢性能优于无磷阻垢剂。阻垢剂缓解膜污染的效果与膜比通量变化具有较好的相关性,且动态实验未造成膜的机械损伤以及影响膜截留能力。每组动态实验时间仅为2 h,实验条件更接近实际工程环境,可为阻垢剂选用提供更为合理的依据。     

强化混凝对微污染水源水消毒副产物的去除研究

通过对微污染水源水的强化混凝试验,研究不同的聚合氯化铝投加量对消毒副产物三卤甲烷生成势、UV254及TOC的影响。结果表明,增加聚铝投加量时三卤甲烷生成势呈现下降的趋势,当聚铝投加量为2.7mg/L时,三卤甲烷生成势的去除由原水的238.9μg/L降至114.5μg/L,去除率高达52.07%,四次试验的平均去除率达40%;投加不同聚铝量后UV254呈现下降的趋势,当聚铝投加量为2.7mg/L时,UV254由原水的0.070降至0.042,去除率达40%,且四次试验的平均去除率达到32.32%;投加不同聚铝量后TOC呈现下降的趋势,当聚铝投加量为2.7mg/L时,TOC的去除由原水的3.231mg/L降至1.226mg/L,去除率高达62.06%,四次试验的平均去除率达到48.48%。     

低温低浊水处理试验研究

以苏州护城河水为研究对象,比较了PAC、PAFC及PAC+PAM的组合投加方式对低温低浊水的处理效果。试验表明,PAC的试验效果略好与PAFC。当PAC的投加量为65mg/L时,水中浊度的去除率为71.71%。投加PAM可有效降低PAC的投药量,当PAC的投加量为33mg/L,PAM的投加量为0.5~1.0mg/L时,出水浊度稳定在2.50NTU左右。     

次氯酸钠预氧化去除水中硫醚类致嗅物的试验研究

本试验根据水中硫醚类致嗅物的可氧化性,采用次氯酸钠预氧化对水中的三种硫醚进行处理,试验结果表明:在去离子水条件下,在氧化时间为5min的情况下,0.20mg/L的氯投加量对1.80μg/L的甲硫醚和1.0mg/L的氯投加量对100～120μg/L的二甲基二硫醚和二甲基三硫醚的去除率均达到99.0%以上。在原水条件下,在氧化时间为5min时,0.20mg/L的氯投加量对1.80μg/L的甲硫醚和1.0mg/L的氯投加量对100～120μg/L的二甲基二硫醚的去除率可以达到95.0%以上,但是1.0mg/L的氯投加量对100～120μg/L的二甲基三硫醚的去除率却只有79.5%,在氧化时间为30min时,3.0mg/L的氯投加量对119μg/L的二甲基三硫醚的去除率才达到98.0%。     

山东某工业集聚区污水厂难降解COD深度处理实验研究

山东某10×104 m3/d规模污水处理厂面临提标改造,其出水要求达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准。分别采用混凝沉淀法和化学氧化法深度处理二级生化出水。试验结果表明：二级生化出水CODcr为133.79 mg/L,PFS投加量为420 mg/L,FeSO4＆#183;7H2O＋H2O2投加量为（300＋150） mg/L,Ca（ClO）2投加量400 mg/L（加140 mg/L的PFS作预处理）,O3投加量27.78 mg/L（加140 mg/L的PFS作预处理）,其出水均能达到一级A标准。     

辛安水厂复合预氧化方式选择试验研究

针对辛安水厂原水水质问题,通过静态试验考察了不同预氧化方式对混凝沉淀工艺净化效果的影响。结果表明,先投加0.2 mg/L的高锰酸钾,再投加1.0 mg/L的臭氧,可以明显降低混凝沉淀出水中的浊度、UV254及UV254/TOC,相应的去除率分别为85.3%,75.8%和55.9%;为有效控制出水AOC含量,实际运行中可以考虑采用先投加0.4 mg/L的高锰酸钾,再投加0.5 mg/L的臭氧的预氧化方式。     

五种混凝剂控制景观水环境恶化效果研究

选取聚合硫酸铁、聚合氯化铝、聚合氯化铝铁、氯化铝、硫酸铝五种混凝剂,对未发生水华的湖水进行混凝试验。结果显示,五种混凝剂对磷的去除效果排序为氯化铝聚合硫酸铁聚合氯化铝聚合氯化铝铁硫酸铝,对TP/TN值影响程度排序为氯化铝聚合氯化铝聚合硫酸铁硫酸铝聚合氯化铝铁。同时,在研究范围内,确定了各试剂投加量限值,即氯化铝投加量应大于8 mg/L、聚合氯化铝投加量应大于15 mg/L、聚合硫酸铁投加量应大于40 mg/L、硫酸铝投加量应大于50 mg/L。     

水厂高pH原水应对措施的研究

当水源地藻类或水草大量生长时,原水出现pH过高、溶解氧饱和、总碱度降低的变化,此时仍采用聚合氯化铝(PAC)处理,出厂水存在铝和pH超标风险.试验研究得出,当硫酸铝投加量为55 mg/L或组合投加45 mg/L硫酸铝+10 mg/L PAC,以及调节原水pH值至8.5后投加20 mg/L PAC时,可使出水中铝和pH均...     

粉末活性炭对内吸磷的吸附性能研究

研究了粉末活性炭对內吸磷的吸附去除效果以及吸附时间、活性炭投加量和水质条件对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,当內吸磷质量浓度为0.30 mg/L,活性炭投加量为20 mg/L时,在去离子水中吸附60 min后,出水內吸磷为0.02 mg/L;在去离子水中的吸附效果优于原水,在实际应用中需根据原水水质适当调整活性炭投加量或吸附...     

普光高含硫气田水中H2S去除技术研究

文章探讨了通常用于水中H2S去除的方法,对比方法的优缺点,提出以NaClO为主要脱硫剂的处理方法.通过对采出水的脱硫氧化剂优选试验、NaClO连续脱硫试验,并将试验研究结果应用于普光高含硫气田水脱硫处理.试验证明:采用NaClO可以安全、高效地去除采出水中的H2S,处理后的气田水中硫化物的含量小于1 mg/L.     

低温低浊水混凝实验研究

针对石墩子山水厂低温低浊（每年11月份至第二年4月份）的特点,对乌拉泊水库原水和乌拉泊水库原水与滤池反冲洗排水在配水井内的混合水进行混凝实验,实验表明：对于低温低浊水,PAC的最佳投加量为12mg/L,以PAM为助凝剂,除浊效果较好;PAM的投加时间对絮凝效果有较大的影响。     

Membrane bioreactor for the drinking water treatment of polluted surface water supplies

A laboratory membrane bioreactor (MBR) using a submerged polyethylene hollow-fibre membrane module with a pore size of 0.4 microm and a total surface area of 0.2 m2 was used for treating a raw water supply slightly polluted by domestic sewage. The feeding influent had a total organic carbon (TOC) level of 3-5 mg/L and an ammonia nitrogen (NH(3)-N) concentration of 3-4 mg/L. The MBR ran continuously for more than 500 days, with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) as short as 1h or less. Sufficient organic degradation and complete nitrification were achieved in the MBR effluent, which normally had a TOC of less than 2 mg/L and a NH(3)-N of lower than 0.2 mg/L. The process was also highly effective for eliminating conventional water impurities, as demonstrated by decreases in turbidity from 4.50+/-1.11 to 0.08+/-0.03 NTU, in total coliforms from 10(5)/mL to less than 5/mL and in UV(254) absorbance from 0.098+/-0.019 to 0.036+/-0.007 cm(-1). With the MBR treatment, the 3-day trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) was significantly reduced from 239.5+/-43.8 to 60.4+/-23.1 microg/L. The initial chlorine demand for disinfection decreased from 22.3+/-5.1 to 0.5+/-0. 1mg/L. The biostability of the effluent improved considerably as the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) decreased from 134.5+/-52.7 to 25.3+/-19.9 microg/L. All of these water quality parameters show the superior quality of the MBR-treated water, which was comparable to or even better than the local tap water. Molecular size distribution analysis and the hydrophobic characterisation of the MBR effluent, in comparison to the filtered liquor from the bioreactor, suggest that the MBR had an enhanced filtration mechanism. A sludge layer on the membrane surface could have functioned as an additional barrier to the passage of typical THM precursors, such as large organic molecules and hydrophobic compounds. These results indicate that the MBR with a short HRT could be developed as an effective biological water treatment process to address the urgent need of many developing countries that are plagued by the serious contamination of surface water resources.     

降低饮用水中残余铝的中试研究

研究了水处理过程中铝含量的影响因素和控制条件,结果表明:对水中铝含量的影响PAC投加量＞pH＞滤速＞活化硅酸投加量.控制余铝的最佳条件是:PAC投加量2.0 mg/L,pH值7.5,活化硅酸投加量1.5 mg/L,滤速8.0 m/h.过滤阶段对铝的影响小于混凝阶段,水厂实际运行时应尽量采用低滤速.为控制出厂水铝含量,建...     

黄河水异味和藻类控制的生产性试验研究

针对黄河水藻类高发的现象,对水源地和沉砂池进行了取样分析,确定藻类为异味产生的根源.预处理试验结果表明,在投加20 mg/L聚合铁和10 mg/L硅酸钠的同时,投加0.4-1.0 mg/L聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(FL45C)对藻类和浊度的去除以及臭和味的控制效果较好.     

Implications of land disturbance on drinking water treatability in a changing climate: Demonstrating the need for “source water supply and protection” strategies

Forests form the critical source water areas for downstream drinking water supplies in many parts of the world, including the Rocky Mountain regions of North America. Large scale natural disturbances from wildfire and severe insect infestation are more likely because of warming climate and can significantly impact water quality downstream of forested headwaters regions. To investigate potential implications of changing climate and wildfire on drinking water treatment, the 2003 Lost Creek Wildfire in Alberta, Canada was studied. Four years of comprehensive hydrology and water quality data from seven watersheds were evaluated and synthesized to assess the implications of wildfire and post-fire intervention (salvage-logging) on downstream drinking water treatment. The 95th percentile turbidity and DOC remained low in streams draining unburned watersheds (5.1 NTU, 3.8 mg/L), even during periods of potential treatment challenge (e.g., stormflows, spring freshet); in contrast, they were elevated in streams draining burned (15.3 NTU, 4.6 mg/L) and salvage-logged (18.8 NTU, 9.9 mg/L) watersheds. Persistent increases in these parameters and observed increases in other contaminants such as nutrients, heavy metals, and chlorophyll-a in discharge from burned and salvage-logged watersheds present important economic and operational challenges for water treatment; most notably, a potential increased dependence on solids and DOC removal processes. Many traditional source water protection strategies would fail to adequately identify and evaluate many of the significant wildfire- and post-fire management-associated implications to drinking water “treatability”; accordingly, it is proposed that “source water supply and protection strategies” should be developed to consider a suppliers’ ability to provide adequate quantities of potable water to meet demand by addressing all aspects of drinking water “supply” (i.e., quantity, timing of availability, and quality) and their relationship to “treatability” in response to land disturbance.     

微砂强化混凝工艺处理微污染水库水研究

根据鹊山水库水低浊、微污染和高藻的水质特点，采用微砂强化混凝工艺对其进行处理，结果表明：微砂强化混凝的效果优于常规混凝，可使沉淀出水水质得到显著提高。当微砂、FeCl3及PAM的投量分别为1000、30、0．5mg／L时，沉淀出水浊度〈0．78NTU，色度〈2倍，对藻类、TOC、CODMn、UV254的去除率分别可达92．6％、85．6％、67．8％和68．8％以上，该方法为处理该水库水的工艺选择提供了泰者。     

Effect of medium-pressure UV irradiation on bromate concentrations in drinking water, a pilot-scale study

This study investigated the potential for bromate removal from drinking water on irradiation with medium-pressure UV lamps-a technique gaining considerable interest for drinking water disinfection. Waters from two different sources were spiked with 20microg/L of bromate and irradiated with UV fluences up to 718mJ/cm(2) utilizing a pilot-scale reactor (Calgon Carbon Corp.) at a flow of 76L/min (20 gallon/min). Essentially no removal was observed in one of the source waters. Limited bromate removal, up to 19%, was observed in the second source water at high UV fluences (696mJ/cm(2)) and a fluence-response relationship was clearly evident. All removals would be negligible at UV fluences anticipated for drinking water disinfection (< or =40mJ/cm(2)). Different water characteristics, in particular competitive absorption by nitrate and possibly DOC, were most likely responsible for the differences in bromate removal in the waters tested. The source water that did not show any removal had a higher nitrate concentration (4 vs. 0.1mg N/L) and also a higher DOC concentration (4.1 vs. 3.1mg C/L) than the other source water which showed 19% bromate removal.     

Implications of organic carbon in the deterioration of water quality in reclaimed water distribution systems

Changes in water quality in reclaimed water distribution systems are a major concern especially when considering the potential for growth of pathogenic microbes. A survey of 21 wastewater process configurations confirmed the high quality effluent produced using membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology, but suggests that other technologies can be operated to produce similar quality. Data from an intensive twelve-month sampling campaign in four reclaimed water utilities revealed the important trends for various organic carbon parameters including total organic carbon (TOC), biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC), and assimilable organic carbon (AOC). Of the four utilities, two were conventional wastewater treatment with open reservoir storage and two employed MBR technology with additional treatment including UV, ozone, and/or chlorine disinfection. Very high BDOC concentrations occurred in conventional systems, accounting for up to 50% of the TOC loading into the system. BDOC concentrations in two conventional plants averaged 1.4 and 6.3 mg/L and MBR plants averaged less than 0.6 mg/L BDOC. Although AOC showed wide variations, ranging from 100 to 2000 μg/L, the AOC concentrations in the conventional plants were typically 3-10 times higher than in the MBR systems. Pipe-loop studies designed to understand the impact of disinfection on the microbiology of reclaimed water in the distribution system revealed that chlorination will increase the level of biodegradable organic matter, thereby increasing the potential for microbial growth in the pipe network. This study concludes that biodegradable organic carbon is an important factor in the microbial quality and stability of reclaimed water and could impact the public health risk of reclaimed water at the point of use.