工艺参数对非晶铜磷钎料钎焊接头机械性能和组织的影响

将相同成分的晶态钎料和非晶钎料分别与纯铜同炉进行真空钎焊,采用XRD、SEM和EDS观察分析钎焊接头显微组织,研究钎焊工艺参数对两种钎料接头拉伸强度的影响。结果表明,普通钎料的拉伸强度低于非晶钎料,随炉冷却钎焊时两种钎料的拉伸强度均随着保温时间的延长而先增大后减小,随着钎焊温度的升高而增加。采用随炉冷却时的拉伸强度低于气冷时的拉伸强度。两种钎料的钎焊接头主要由铜基固溶体、脆性化合物(Cu Ni)2P和Cu3P组成,合金元素在基体深度方向明显表现为沿晶界优先渗透。     

非晶铜磷钎料真空钎焊的润湿性研究

利用快速凝固技术制备出Cu-Ni-Sn-P非晶箔带钎料.将此钎料分别在不同钎焊温度和钎焊时间下与紫铜进行真空钎焊.借助EPMA分析了钎缝的显微组织结构.利用DTA分析了成分相同的非晶钎料与普通钎料的润湿性差异.结果表明:与普通钎料相比,非晶钎料的润湿性明显提高,钎料与母材的相互扩散和冶金结合增强.     

非晶态铜磷钎料真空钎焊紫铜的性能

利用快速凝固技术和传统铸造技术分别制备出成分相同的Cu-Ni-Sn-P非晶薄带钎料和普通钎料,将两种钎料在四种钎焊温度(660,670,680,690℃)和四种保温时间(5,10,15,20min)下与紫铜进行真空钎焊,借助差热分析(DTA)、X衍射(XRD)、电子探针分析(EPMA)分析,探讨在不同钎焊条件下两种钎料钎焊接头的熔点、润湿性及钎焊接头显微组织差异.结果表明,非晶钎料的熔点比普通钎料低约4.5℃,结晶区间缩小3.5℃,非晶钎料润湿性明显优于普通钎料,非晶钎料与母材的相互扩散和冶金结合增强.     

Ag-Cu-Ti钎料连接C/C复合材料与钛合金的界面显微组织分析

以Ag-Cu-Ti合金为钎料钎焊连接C/C复合材料与钛合金(TC4),通过SEM对钎焊连接接头的微观组织和形貌进行分析,用EDS和XRD分析接头中的元素分布和物相组成.实验结果表明,中间钎料层与TC4合金之间的界面,形成了良好的界面扩散层,厚度为5～7μm,与TC4钛合金连接侧的钎料相组成主要为CuTi2,CuTi和Cu3 Ti2;钎料层与C/C复合材料形成的扩散层厚度为1～3 μm,与C/C复合材料连接侧的钎料相组成主要为CuTi2和CuTi.C/C复合材料与TC4合金之间形成了冶金结合.     

泡沫铝三明治结构材料的制备及其组织性能分析

以Al-Si基合金为钎料, 泡沫铝为基体, 纯铝板为面板, 采用钎焊的方法制备泡沫铝三明治结构材料。应用SEM观察焊接层的组织和界面结构, EDS测定元素的扩散及分布情况, 并结合扩散原理分析Si和Al的扩散情况。对钎焊接头试样进行剪切实验, 通过正交实验的方法分析焊接温度、焊接时间、去应力退火温度和去应力退火时间对材料性能的影响。同时, 与胶粘粘结法制备的泡沫铝三明治结构材料进行对比实验。结果表明: 采用钎焊法制得的样品中面板与夹心层之间连接过度良好; Si浓度在焊接层附近呈现出阶梯状分布; 焊接温度是影响实验结果的最关键因素; 最佳工艺为: 焊接温度640 ℃, 焊接时间15 min, 去应力退火温度400 ℃, 去应力退火时间30 min。在400 ℃下, 胶粘粘结法制备的样品完全失效。     

Si3N4陶瓷钎焊用钎料的熔化特性与元素扩散行为

研究了微量稀土元素Ce以及不同Ti含量,对Si3N4陶瓷钎焊用钎料的熔化特性的影响.结果表明:加入微量稀土Ce,对钎料的熔化特性影响不大;当Ti含量增加到35%时,钎料的结晶温度区间明显变窄;钎料钎焊Si3N4陶瓷后发现,Ti元素向界面结合处偏聚,并与Si3N4陶瓷发生化学反应;提高钎料的Ti含量到35%,钎料和界面都会生成含Ti量高的化合物,且钎料脆性增大;提高Ti含量同时添加微量稀土元素Ce,Ti元素扩散得更加充分,钎料中粗大化合物变细变小.     

采用复合锌基钎料钎焊铜铝焊接接头的微观组织及力学性能

在Zn-27Al钎料表面电镀Ni制备复合锌基钎料,在氮气保护的电阻炉中用复合锌基钎料和Zn-27Al钎料对Cu与Al进行钎焊试验,运用金相显微镜、电子探针、X射线衍射仪分析了接头的微观组织,通过拉伸试验评定了接头的力学性能.结果表明:与未电镀镍层的Zn-27Al钎料钎缝相比,复合锌基钎料钎缝中没有组织偏聚,组织分布更均...     

Al-Cu合金析出相的原子键强与性能

应用固体经验电子理论(EET),对Al-Cu合金时效过程中θ″、θ′和θ相的键络进行计算.结果表明,时效初期形成的θ″相中,最强共价键为Al-Cu键.合金中θ″相溶解并析出相时,Cu原子状态发生明显变化,使得Cu原子的共价电子数有较大幅度的提高,此时形成的亚稳相的最强共价键仍为Al-Cu键,较θ″相的最强Al-Cu键提高一倍.时效后期,合金析出稳态θ相,最强键由θ′相的Al-Cu键转为Cu-Cu键,而Al-Cu键成为次强键.依靠Cu原子提供较多的共价d电子,使θ相的共价键络较θ′亚稳相的共价键络强度进一步提高.     

钎焊温度对Cu-Sn-Ti-Ga钎料钎焊金刚石接头组织及性能的影响

探讨了Cu-Sn-Ti-Ga复合钎料在900—980 ℃钎焊温度下对金刚石/钢进行钎焊连接,研究了钎焊温度对钎焊金刚石微观形貌、界面特征、元素分布变化及力学性能的影响。结果表明,Cu-Sn-Ti-Ga复合钎料在金刚石表面润湿性良好,钎焊界面主要包含Cu_5.6Sn、TiC及富Ga相;随着钎焊温度的提高,金刚石的出露度逐渐降低,石墨化程度逐渐增大,导致钎焊接头的磨削性能呈现先增大后减小的趋势;当钎焊温度为920 ℃时,界面处已形成连续均匀的TiC反应层,反应层厚度为0.31 μm、硬度达到最大值为310 HV_0.1;金刚石试样的磨损形式表现为均匀磨损,钎料对金刚石的把持力较高。本研究为低成本钎料的发展和应用提供了理论基础。     

焊接温度对AZ31B/Cu瞬间液相扩散焊接头组织及力学性能的影响

以Al为中间层对AZ31B/Cu异种材料进行瞬间液相扩散连接试验, 采用SEM观察接头界面扩散区的组织形貌, 结合EDS、XRD分析界面区的物相及成分, 采用室温拉伸实验机测试接头剪切强度, 研究了焊接温度对AZ31B/Al/Cu界面组织和剪切强度的影响。结果表明, 加热温度对Al、Mg、Cu元素扩散影响很大, 从而对微观组织和剪切强度产生影响。445 ℃时, Al、Mg元素扩散不充分, Mg/Al界面无法形成共晶液相, 界面结合较弱。450 ℃时, Al箔完全溶解, 界面区宽度显著增加, 从Mg侧到Cu侧, 扩散区的微观组织依次为α-Mg(Al)固溶体、Mg-Al共晶组织、Cu(Al)固溶体, 接头强度最高达到53 MPa, 约为母材AZ31B剪切强度的33.2%。460 ℃时, 界面扩散区宽度缓慢增大, 靠近Cu侧的界面区产生大量脆性Al-Cu化合物, 接头强度下降。     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent material industry

<正>Rare earth luminescent material is one of the most important application sectors of rare earths.China enjoys the exceptional advantage to develop rare earth luminescent material for its abundant rare earth resources.After several decades'endeavor,China's rare earth luminescent material industry,headed by rare earth phosphor for lamp and LED and high efficient rare earth energy-saving light source,has been gradually developed into a scale industry.China has become a major production base of rare earth phosphor for lamps and rare earth     

China rare earth market review

正June 1~10,2014Rare earth market remained weak.Quoted price of rare earth products was similar to that in May.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,polishing powder and ceramic industries remained inactive.Demand from downstream industry was soft.Consumers purchased on their needs.Suppliers had strong intention to sell.Prices of rare earth products     

Annual Report analysis of Chinese rare earth-related listed companies in 2013

<正>Chinese rare earth-related listed companies have published their 2013 annual reports.It can be understood from their reports that production and operation activities of Chinese rare earth-related companies were still heavily affected by macro economy and industrial policies.They basically followed the steps of national economy.In 2013,world economy recovered slowly but the economy     

Market opportunities and challenges for rare earth polishing powder

正1.Status of rare earth polishing powder Rare earth polishing powder with high content of cerium oxide began to replace iron oxide for glass polishing and became one of the key materials in glass polishing process since 1940.Compared with traditional iron oxide,rare earth polishing powder has many advantages,such as fast polishing rate,high polishing quality and long service life.It can achieve good surface quality and improve operation conditions.For example,in lens polishing,the polishing work that cerium     

Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths developed a new RE alloy preparation technology

正Pyrometallurgy Laboratory of Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths had independently developed a new preparation technology of rare earth alloy for NdFeB.The alloy can remarkably enhance the coercivity of NdFeB magnet but also evidently reduce the production cost of the magnet.The new master alloy was prepared in the kA pilot-scale electrolytic cell by the independent technology.The rare earth master alloy can be used as the raw material for NdFeB.Compared     

矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片ANSYS模态分析及应用

高效节能矿用防爆对旋主要通风机的叶片是主要通风机运行的关键部件,叶片在运行时不断受到气流的作用力,从而使叶片产生振动,当叶片振动的频率与叶片的固有频率接近时,容易产生共振从而导致叶片的断裂。一旦叶片断裂时,对主要通风机的安全运行产生致命的影响,从而导致矿山、化工等企业发生重大事故,将会产生不可估量的损失。基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,对高效节能矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片进行模态分析及产生对应的六阶模态频率,对主要通风机叶片的运行频率、固有频率及产生的共振问题进行了原理分析,并且解决了叶片频率共振的问题,从而为主要通风机叶片结构设计提供理论依据,并对主要通风机叶片的安全运行提供保障。     

2013 NdFeB export analysis

<正>China totally exported nearly 24,000 tonsof NdFeB products during 201 3,including 18,825 tons of permanent magnet,valued USD 1.34 billion at an average price of 71.4 USD/kg;3,277 tons of NdFeB magnetic powder,valued USD 1 01 million at an average price of 30.9 USD/kg;1,334 tons of strip casting ribbon,with total export value of USD 74million at an average price of 55.3 USD/kg;and 586     

Market and recycling of NiMH battery

<正>Market status and future trend of NiMH battery1.Global market of small NiMH battery Global market size of small NiMH batteries declined year on year since 2011.The trend will continue to 2018,at the rate of 5%to 10%annually.Demand for small NiMH batteries will be stable gradually.Many electrical apparatuses are powered by the built-in lithium battery today,which is the main reason for the shrunk market of small NiMH batteries.But,for some products,small NiMH     

China rare earth market review

正September 1-10,2014 Affected by the National Day holiday,rare earth transaction was stagnant and the market showed a weak steady state.As there was no good news for downstream market,some products with flat demand would likely rally slightly for some time to     

唐口煤矿深部复杂开采工作面瓦斯分源涌出规律研究

研究工作面瓦斯涌出规律对工作面瓦斯治理有重要意义。为了得到唐口煤矿深部3号煤层复杂开采条件下工作面回采时期瓦斯涌出时空演化规律,选取6304工作面作为对象,采用实测方法研究6304工作面瓦斯涌出规律。结果表明:6304工作面瓦斯涌出量为6.534 m³/min,其中煤壁占34.27%,落煤占29.62%,采空区占36.11%;沿工作面倾向由低到高,瓦斯浓度整体为上升趋势,其中1—76号架工作面瓦斯浓度小于0.20%,76—102号架瓦斯浓度上升明显,最大为0.387%;上隅角的后部采空区是工作面的瓦斯主要涌出源,上隅角1号测点瓦斯浓度0.78%,上隅角周边3号、5号、7号、8号、9号测点瓦斯浓度平均为0.643%;周期来压时,上隅角瓦斯相对平时较高。研究为针对性的瓦斯分源监控与灾害防治提供基础。