34CrMo4钢在湿H2S环境下的应力腐蚀试验研究

以车载压缩天然气气瓶用钢34CrMo4为材料,试样为紧凑拉伸(CT)试样,采用多功能动态应力腐蚀试验机进行恒位移速率拉伸试验,实测了在20,63,200,630和2000 ppm的硫化氢水溶液中的应力腐蚀临界应力强度因子KISCC和裂纹扩展速率da/dt。结果表明,应力腐蚀临界应力强度因子KISCC随硫化氢浓度的增大而减小,但当硫化氢浓度达到一定量时,溶液的浓度对KISCC值的影响并不大;裂纹扩展速率da/dt随硫化氢浓度的增大而增大,但在630～2000 ppm范围内,硫化氢浓度对裂纹扩展速率影响很小。     

X80管线钢焊接接头的硫化氢应力腐蚀试验研究

采用X80管线钢焊接接头制作楔形张开加载（WOL）试样，在硫化氢介质中进行恒位移应力腐蚀试验，分别测得母材、焊缝和热影响区的临界应力强度因子KISCC和裂纹扩展速率da／dt。试验结果表明，热影响区的‰最小，裂纹扩展速率最大，具有较差的抗应力腐蚀开裂的能力，是应力腐蚀开裂的薄弱环节。且通过对X80管线钢焊接接头的显微组织观察和基本力学性能研究，对影响X80钢应力腐蚀影响因素提供了试验依据，并对试验结果予以验证。     

07MnNiCrMoVDR在硫化氢溶液中的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率数学模型

以空气中腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率为基准，引入环境加速因子Cenv，且把Cenv与Cair合并为C，用于表达07MnNiCrMoVDR钢在硫化氢溶液中的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率。利用Matlab中的神经网络工具箱，以介质浓度、载荷频率、应力比作为输入节点，C作为输出节点，训练该网络预测不同条件下的裂纹扩展速率。根据训练完毕神经网络预测不同条件下的C，利用Original找出这三个影响因素在裂纹扩展速率系数C中的关系表达式，从而由Matlab中的统计工具箱回归出07MnNiCrMoVDR钢在硫化氢溶液中的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率数学模型。     

不同条件下300M钢的疲劳裂纹扩展行为

对300M钢在空气和质量分数3.5%NaCl水溶液中分别进行了疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验,得到了其疲劳裂纹扩展速率-应力强度因子范围曲线,并分别利用Paris公式和Walker公式对曲线进行了拟合;分析了应力比、腐蚀环境、频率对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响。结果表明:300M钢的疲劳裂纹扩展速率随应力比的增加而增大;在相同应力比下,300M钢在NaCl水溶液中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率在裂纹扩展前期比在空气中的快,在扩展后期则趋于一致;较低试验频率下300M钢在裂纹扩展前期的疲劳裂纹扩展速率比在较高频率下的快。     

SPV490Q钢焊接接头在不同浓度硫化氢溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂行为

对SPV490Q钢焊接接头的楔形张开加载(WOL)预裂纹试样在不同浓度硫化氢溶液中进行了应力腐蚀试验,测定了焊缝的应力腐蚀临界应力强度因子KISCC和应力腐蚀裂纹扩展速率da/dt。结果表明:随着H2S浓度的升高,SPV490Q钢焊缝的应力腐蚀临界应力强度因子KISCC下降,应力腐蚀裂纹扩展速率da/dt增大,焊接接头的应力腐蚀抗力降低。     

碳酸盐硫化氢复杂环境中16MnR钢应力腐蚀开裂的试验研究

针对石油化工生产装置可能出现的H2S-CO2-H2O,H2S-CO32--H2O等腐蚀类型,采用楔形张开加载预裂纹试验,研究了16MnR钢在碳酸盐和硫化氢复杂环境中的应力腐蚀裂纹扩展行为,在试验采用的复杂介质环境下,16MnR钢的应力腐蚀裂纹扩展速率为0.33×10-8~4.31×10-8mm/s。     

三种输送管疲劳裂纹扩展特性研究

通过试验对ＳＳＡＷ、ＥＲＷ、ＵＯＥ三种焊管的疲劳裂纹扩展特性进行了研究。结果表明,三种焊管各区的疲劳裂纹扩展速率的Ｐａｒｉｓ方程表达式ΔＫ的指数均在３．１～４．３之间,且ＳＳＡＭ焊管表现出较低的疲劳裂纹扩展速率。随着加载应力比的提高,疲劳裂纹扩展速率将随之增大。     

煤制天然气中氢对X80钢螺旋焊管力学性能的影响

近年来,我国多项煤制天然气示范工程投入运行,X80钢螺旋焊管常用于天然气长输管道建设,其与煤制天然气的相容性直接影响了长输管道的服役寿命和安全可靠性。为研究煤制天然气对国产X80钢螺旋焊管的力学性能影响,分别从埋弧螺旋焊管的母材和螺旋焊缝处取样,在总压为12 MPa,氢气分数为0,1vol%,2.2vol%,5vol%的模拟环境中分别进行慢应变速率拉伸试验和疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验。试验结果表明:含氢量5vol%以下时,煤制天然气对国产X80管线钢强度性能影响很小,但对塑性性能有一定影响,对疲劳裂纹扩展性能影响很大,煤制天然气中氢对母材的疲劳裂纹扩展性能劣化影响比螺旋焊缝严重。     

2．25Cr-1Mo-0．25V钢的硫化氢应力腐蚀试验研究

为了解2．25 Cr-1 Mo-0．25 V钢材料性能,利用慢应变速率法,在常温湿硫化氢环境下,给出了不同浓度硫化氢溶液对2．25Cr-1Mo-0．25V钢应力腐蚀的敏感性指数值;采用恒定位移法,将2．25Cr-1Mo-0．25V钢用线切割方法做成了楔形张开加载预裂纹试样,在确认了加载载荷和位移量后,在不同浓度的H2S溶液中,确定了2．25Cr-1Mo-0．25V钢应力腐蚀裂纹扩展速率和腐蚀临界应力强度因子。     

高载小幅波动对X80管线钢近中性pH土壤应力腐蚀开裂的影响研究

在模拟近中性pH土壤腐蚀环境的NS4溶液中,通过高载小幅拉-拉交变载荷条件下的应力腐蚀开裂试验,研究了高载小幅波动载荷对X80钢管焊缝材料近中性pH土壤应力腐蚀开裂的影响。结果表明,载荷波动会促进应力腐蚀开裂裂纹扩展,最大应力给定时,应力比R越低,应力波动幅度越大,裂纹扩展速率越快。在应力水平较高时,应力比变化对应力腐蚀开裂速率的影响程度要明显大于应力改变带来的影响。故对在役X80高强度管道,要尽可能控制压力波动,以降低管道发生近中性土壤应力腐蚀开裂失效风险。     

硫化氢环境中低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率的研究

针对高强钢在硫化氢环境中腐蚀疲劳数据极为缺乏的现状,研究高压气瓶材料4130X在硫化氢腐蚀介质中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率.结合气瓶实际运行的环境和应力状态,应用改进型WOL(wedge-opening-loading)试样,在自行改造的专用低周腐蚀疲劳试验机上,完成0.006 7 Hz超低频率下饱和H_2S溶液、中等浓度H2S溶液和空气三种环境下的腐蚀疲劳试验,并用Paris公式进行两段式拟合,得出da/dN-ΔK的数学表达式.将试样微观断口的变化与宏观应力强度因子K的变化进行对比研究,给出不同环境中三个阶段K值的定量结果.结果表明:相同条件下,H_2S环境中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率比空气环境中大20倍以上;但当H_2S浓度达到一定范围后,对da/dN影响并不按比例增长,浓度相差11倍时,da/dN相差2.4倍,H_2S腐蚀介质的存在加速了疲劳破坏.     

哈氏C-2000合金的耐腐蚀行为试验研究

试验研究了哈氏C一-2000合金的晶间腐蚀、点腐蚀和应力腐蚀敏感行为,探讨了环境因素、应力因素和固溶热处理等对哈氏C-2000合金应力腐蚀开裂（SCC）行为的影响。结果表明,哈氏C-2000合金有很好的耐室温酸性NaCl水溶液全面腐蚀和应力腐蚀的性能。然而由于Mo元素的偏析使得该合金在硫酸和硫酸铁混合溶液中具有较高的晶间腐蚀敏感性,焊接接头在该环境中存在较明显的热影响区选择性腐蚀。喷丸形变强化和固溶处理能够明显提高该合金基材与焊接接头的抗全面腐蚀和应力腐蚀性能。     

Corrosion fatigue characteristics in the weld of multi-pass welded A106 Gr B steel pipe

In order to investigate the corrosion fatigue characteristics in the weld of multi-pass welded A106 Gr B steel pipe, corrosion fatigue tests were performed under the various stress ratios and 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at room temperature. The corrosion fatigue characteristic curves were represented using crack closure concept. The obtained results are as follows ; when the load frequency is 1.0 Hz, the crack opening point is transited in the region of K_max=20-32 MPa-msu1/2. In the low stress intensity factor range, the crack opening point is higher than that in air. However, in the high stress intensity factor range, it is lower than that in air. In the cases of 0.1 Hz and 0.01 Hz, the crack opening point gradually decreases to K(min) with K_max increase.     

16MnR钢在硝酸盐环境下应力腐蚀性能试验研究

用楔形张开加载(WOL)预裂纹试样研究了16MnR钢在硝酸盐环境中的抗应力腐蚀性能。测定了16MnR钢母材及焊接接头在硝酸盐环境下的临界应力强度因子KISCC和应力腐蚀裂纹扩展速率；同时研究了缓蚀剂、材质、溶液温度对16MnR钢应力腐蚀开裂的影响，结果表明，缓蚀剂谈明显的降低应力腐蚀敏感性，增加裂纹的孕育时间；焊接接头与母材相比，由于没有元素Ni的不良作用，具有较高的应力腐蚀抗力；16MnR钢的硝酸盐应力腐蚀敏感性随温度升高而降低。     

奥氏体不锈钢三通裂纹分析

对与脱甲烷塔相连的奥氏体不锈钢管道三通上发现的裂纹性质与成因进行了试验分析。指出管件破裂基本上属氢脆引起的穿晶型解理开裂,即阴极型应力腐蚀破坏。三通冷加工成形后未经高温固溶处理,致使18—8型亚稳定钢中30％以上的奥氏体组织转变成马氏体组织;介质为未经脱硫的甲烷,含较多H2S;较高的加工残余应力、组织应力和应力集中;材料存在缺陷,是导致上述问题的主要原因。改进三通加工成形工艺,及时进行固溶处理,提高奥氏体不锈钢的稳定性,是避免裂纹的关键技术手段。此外,尚需严控介质中Cl^-离子和H2S含量,降低残余应力水平。     

Assessment of the sulfide corrosion fatigue strength for a multi-pass welded A106 Gr B steel pipe below the low SSCC limit

In the area of heavy construction, welding processes are vital in the production and maintenance of pipelines and power plants. Welding processes happen to produce residual stresses and change the metal structure as a result of the large nonlinear thermal loading that is created by a moving heat source. The fusion welding process generates formidable welding residual stresses and metallurgical change, which increase the crack driving force and reduce the resistance to the brittle fracture as well as the environmental fracture. This is a serious problem with many alloys as well as the A106 Gr B steel pipe. This pipe that is used in petrochemical and heavy chemical plants either degrades due to corrosive environments, e.g., chlorides and sulfides, and/or become damaged during service due to the various corrosion damage mechanisms. Thus, in this study, after numerically and experimentally analyzing the welding residual stress of a multi-pass welded A106 Gr B steel pipe, the sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC) characteristics were assessed in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution that was saturated with H₂S gas at room temperature on the basis of NACE TM 0177-90. The specimens used are of two kinds: un-notched and notched. Then, the sulfide corrosion fatigue (SCF) strength for the un-notched specimen was assessed below the low SSCC limit that was previously obtained from the SSCC tests for the notched specimen. From the results, in terms of the SSCC and SCF, all the specimens failed at the heat-affected zone, where a high welding residual stress is distributed. It was found that the low SSCC limit of un-notched specimens (σ_{SSCCun-notched}) was 46% (230 MPa) of the ultimate tensile strength (σ_U=502 MPa) of a multi-pass welded A106 Gr B steel pipe, and the notched specimens (σ_SSCCnotched) had 40% (200 MPa) of the ultimate tensile strength. Thus, it was determined that σ_{SSCCun-notched} was 13% lower than σ_SSCCnotched. Further, the sulfide corrosion fatigue limit (σ_{SCFun-notched}) was 32% (160 MPa) of the ultimate tensile strength of welded specimens. This σ_{SCF un-notched} was 20% lower than σ_SSCCnotched.