水果中抗坏血酸的电化学检测

采用交替沉积方法将硅钨酸和聚电解质PAA固定在空白玻碳电极上制得硅钨酸修饰电极,通过循环伏安法研究该电极对抗坏血酸的电催化化作用,结果表明,响应电流达到95%时所需时间小于3 s,响应电流与抗坏血酸浓度在1.33×10-4mol/L~3.99×10-3mol/L浓度范围内呈线性关系,I/μA=-0.025 2c/(mmol/L)-0.125,相关系数R2=0.993 1,在此范围内可对水果中抗坏血酸的含量进行测定。该电极制备简单、响应快、灵敏度高、检测限低,对水果中抗坏血酸具有很好的检测效果。     

Ascorbic Acid and 5-Methyltetrahyclrofolate Losses in Vegetables with Cook/Chill or Cook/Hot-Hold Foodservice Systems

The percent retention of vitamin C and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in seven cooked vegetables was analyzed using HPLC and compared in simulated cook/chill vs cook/hot-hold hospital foodservices. Retention of vitamins after conduction and infra-red reheating was investigated. Vegetables reheated after one day of chilled storage had greater losses of both vitamins compared to those held at 72°C for 30 min, but better vitamin retention than vegetables held hot 2 hr. There was no significant difference in nutrient retention due to method of reheating. If warm-holding is restricted to < 90 min, vitamin retention in vegetables is likely to be higher in a cook/hot-hold foodservice than with a cook/chill system.     

β-Carotene and Ascorbic Acid Retention in Fresh and Processed Vegetables

Broccoli, carrots, and green beans (grown in 2 consecutive years) were randomly divided into 3 treatments: fresh-refrigerated (F-R), frozen (FZ) or canned (C) (carrots only). FZ or C vegetables were processed within 24 h and stored for up to 1 yr. F-R vegetables were held at 4 °C for 3 wk (broccoli and green beans) or 6 mo (carrots). Trans b-carotene (Tb-C) and total ascorbic acid (AA) were determined at specified times, before and after microwave cooking. Vitamin content differed between years due to environmental conditions. Blanching resulted in AA loss, but retention remained stable after freezing broccoli and green beans. F-R green beans lost >90% AA after 16 d storage. Linear decreases in AAwere found in most F-R or FZ vegetables. Tb-C decreased slightly during freezer storage. Reductions in Tb-C occurred in canned carrots. Microwave cooking had minimal effects on AA or Tb-C.     

抗坏血酸的共振光散射法测定

研究了在醋酸缓冲介质中,抗坏血酸(VC)还原Cu2 定量所形成CuSCN的共振散射光谱.确定了散射光强度与溶液中VC浓度的关系.提出了共振散射法测定VC的新方法.方法的检出限为0.25ng/ml,线性范围为0.25～1.25 μg/ml.方法用于VC片、饮料中抗坏血酸的测定,结果令人满意.     

Reaction of Nitrite with Ascorbic Acid or Ascorbic Acid-2-Derivatives

The decrease in free nitrite in aqueous solutions of nitrite and ascorbic acid (AsA), ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AsA-2-P) or ascorbic acid-2-sulfate (AsA-2-S) was studied. Both AsA-2-P and AsA-2-S reacted with nitrite as did AsA. The rate of the reaction followed the order AsA > AsA-2-P > AsA-2-S. The reaction solution of AsA and nitrite did nitrosate cytochrome c and regenerate nitrite, but the reaction solution of nitrite with either AsA-2-P or AsA-2-S did not. When surimi with myoglobin added as a pigment was used as a model meat curing system, the addition of AsA-2-P and AsA-2-S did not participate in the reactions resulting in development of cured meat color.     

纳米多孔金电化学传感器构建及其对饮品中抗坏血酸的检测

基于纳米多孔金（nanoporous gold,NPG）对抗坏血酸的强电催化氧化作用,通过酸腐蚀制备NPG,构建纳米多孔电极（NPG/GCE）检测饮料中的抗坏血酸。通过循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安（differential pulse voltammetry,DPV）法对抗坏血酸检测条件进行优化,确定最佳检测条件为pH 4.0的柠檬酸缓冲液。在优化条件下,利用DPV法对抗坏血酸进行检测,结果表明：在6.652 8～160 μg/mL的范围内,峰电流密度与抗坏血酸质量浓度呈良好的线性关系;该电极制备简单、灵敏度高、稳定性和抗干扰能力强,对饮料中抗坏血酸的快速检测有良好的应用潜力。     

高效液相色谱测定食品中抗坏血酸含量的方法优化

本文通过对样品提取方式、提取剂、流动相等条件进行改进和优化,建立了一种同步测定食品中L-抗坏血酸、D-抗坏血酸和脱氢抗坏血酸的方法。针对果蔬样品,采用液氮冷冻研磨进行预处理,相比机械匀浆,可以显著提高提取率,减少化学试剂用量,简化前处理操作。为保护L-抗坏血酸不被氧化,在偏磷酸提取液中加入0.019 mol/L硫代硫酸钠作为保护剂,结果表明,实验无需避光操作,提取物可在4 24 h℃内保持性质稳定;采用磷酸二氢钾-癸胺缓冲盐混合溶液作为流动相,可以使不同构型抗坏血酸在较高浓度时依然达到基线分离。抗坏血酸在0.5 mg/L~200 mg/L范围内呈良好线性关系,检出限为0.04 mg/100 g。样品回收率为99.7%~107.3%,相对标准偏差为3.80%。对于准确测定食品中活性抗坏血酸的组分含量、建立标准化操作规程具有重要意义。     

抗坏血酸在聚对苯二酚/铜复合膜修饰电极上电催化氧化行为的探究

利用电沉积法制备了聚对苯二酚/铜(PHQ/Cu)复合膜修饰电极,并采用循坏伏安法探究了抗坏血酸(AA)在该电极上的电催化氧化行为。结果表明,与裸电极、PHQ修饰电极相比,PHQ/Cu复合膜修饰电极对AA具有更好的催化作用,表明两种修饰剂对AA的电催化氧化有良好的协同催化作用;在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH=4.35)中,AA的氧化峰电流与其浓度在5×10^-4~1.0×10^-1 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为lgI=0.7364lgc+1.6932,R²=0.9959,检出限为2.0×10^-5 mol/L。该复合膜修饰电极在冰箱内贮存9 h,其电化学信号基本保持不变,且共存物几乎不干扰AA的测定,表明电极具有良好的稳定性和较强的抗干扰能力,可以用于饮料中AA含量的测定,回收率在95.5%~109.1%之间。     

Ascorbic Acid Stability in Ground Asparagus Samples and in Oxalic Acid Extracts

To establish the storage conditions for asparagus preparation before ascorbic acid determination, samples were ground, the mass was divided into three aliquots that were, respectively, stored at 4°C, – 18°C, or extracted with 1% oxalic acid. The extract was further split into aliquots and stored at 25°, 4°, –18° and -75°C. Ascorbic acid content was measured at different times of storage by a polarographic method. The rate of degradation increased with storage temperature; the degradation rate was higher in ground samples than in extracts; no significant changes in ascorbic acid content were observed in extracts stored for 7 days at -18° or for 90 days at -75°C.     

New Procedure for the Detection of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Vegetables Producing Antibacterial Substances

There is an increasing interest in antibacterial-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as protective cultures on ready-to-use vegetables. A new procedure for detection of active strains has been developed, which consisted of anaerobic incubation (30 °C, 2 d) of juice of ‘i ceberglettuce’ on MRS agar or lactose-bromcresol purple (LBP) agar followed by overlaying with the indicator strain in soft agar (7.5 g/L). After overnight incubation at appropriate temperature, the plates were examined for clear inhibition zone around the colonies. The developed procedure permitted the detection of active LAB in 3 d compared with several weeks for the traditional procedure. The use of LBP agar in conjunction with incubation of plates at 8 °C may give additional information about the nonacidic characteristic of antibacterial substances secreted, and also about the psychrotrophic behavior of producer strains, which could be of interest as biocontrol cultures to improve the safety of ready-to-use vegetables commonly stored under refrigeration.