Experimental investigation on strength and deformation of plain high-strength concrete under multiaxial stress state

To investigate the strength and deformation behavior of plain high-strength concrete (HSC) under multiaxial stress states,a large static-dynamic true triaxial machine was employed,and multiaxial tests were performed on 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm cubes concrete specimens.Friction-reducing pads were three-layer plastic membranes with glycerine in-between for the compressive loading plane.The tensile loading plane of concrete samples was processed by attrition machine,and then the samples were glued up with the loading plate with structural glue.Failure modes of specimens were described.The principal static compressive strengths,strains at the peak stress and stress-strain curves were measured,and the influence of stress ratios on them was analyzed as well.Experimental results show that the ratio of the compressive strength σ3f over the uniaxial compressive strength fc depends on brittleness-stiffness of concrete besides stress state and stress ratios.The formula of Kupfer-Gerstle’s and Ottosen’s failure criterion for plain HSC under biaxial compression and multiaxial stress state is proposed respectively.     

Mechanical Behavior and Failure Criterion of High Performance Concrete Under Biaxial Tension-Compression Loading Condition

The mechanical behavior and failure criterion of high performance concrete(HPC)subjected to biaxial tension-compression loading conditions were investigated experimentally with a real triaxial testing system.The failure modes,ultimate strength and stress-strain curves of HPC under biaxial tension-compression loading conditions were obtained.Then,mechanical behavior of HPC under different stress ratios were analyzed.Finally,based on the Kupfers strength criterion for conventional concrete and test results,a novel failure criterion was proposed for HPC under biaxial tension-compression loading conditions.     

Behavior of high water-cement ratio concrete under biaxial compression after freeze-thaw cycles

The high water-cement ratio concrete specimens under biaxial compression that completed in a triaxial testing machine were experimentally studied. Strength and deformations of plain concrete specimens in two loading direction under biaxial compression with stress ratio of a=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 were obtained after 0, 25, 50 cycles of freeze-thaw. Influences of freeze-thaw cycles and stress ratio on the peak stress and deformation of this point were analyzed according to the experimental results, Based on the test data, the failure criterion expressed in terms of principal stress after different cycles of freeze-thaw, and the failure criterion with consideration of the influence of freeze-thaw cycle and stress ratio were proposed respectively.     

零屈服应力下混凝土三轴受压塑性模型

为了模拟混凝土真三轴压缩的力学性质,在分析混凝土真三轴和常规三轴压缩试验结果基础上,以经典塑性力学为理论基础,建立了混凝土的真三轴本构模型.模型考虑了混凝土初始屈服强度为0的实验特性,采用4参数的Hsieh-Ting-Chen作为破坏准则,假定材料强化和软化符合各向同性和非相关联的塑性流动法则,并将混凝土压缩实验中的扩容和塑性功相联系起来,把lode角引入塑性势函数中.模型与两种不同配比的混凝土立方体试件分别在6组不同加载路径下的试验结果进行了验证.     

Experimental study on biaxial mechanical behavior of concrete suffered high temperature and constitutive model

Biaxial compression tests on plain concrete suffered high temperature ranging from 200℃ to 600℃ were carried out using the large-scale dynamic-static tri-axial concrete test system at the State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering with designated stress ratios of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1, respectively. The measured strength and strain were reported and the changes in both biaxial compressive failure envelopes and strains at peak stresses were analyzed. The regressive equation of initial elastic modulus in the biggest principal compressive stress direction was derived from test results. With the published results from previous biaxial tension-compression experiments, a three-parameter failure criterion has been proposed. A biaxial nonlinear elastic incremental constitutive model was developed for the compressive stress directions by using the equivalent uniaxial strain values deduced from test results. Analytical results obtained from the proposed biaxial constitutive model achieve good agreement with the experimental results.     

混凝土三向应力破坏的强度计算准则

本文用椭圆抛物面作为混凝土三向应力时的强度破坏面。该曲面能较好地描述和解释混凝土的数学力学特性。这一强度准则的应用仅需要两个或三个混凝土强度值,即抗压强度、抗拉强度和二向等值抗压强度;在二向等值抗压强度缺乏实验资料时也可不用。本方法的计算结果和混凝土二向、三向应力的实验研究数据符合得相当好。     

Relations of complete creep processes and triaxial stress-strain curves of rock

Based on the results of triaxial compressive creep tests for five kinds of rock under the different stress loading,unloading and cycle-loading-unloading conditions,the creep deformation is not only a function of stress and time,but also it has the corresponding relations to the triaxial stress-strain curves of rock.The deformation properties of soften-strain,harden-strain and ideal plasticity presented by conventional triaxial compressive test curves under the different stress states were utilized,and the creep characteristics,the creep starting stress and the different entire creep process curves of rock were studied systematically according to creep experiment results,and the relations of the triaxial stress-strain curves to the creeping starting stress,the terminating curve,the different creep processes,and the different creep fracture properties were established.The relations presented in this paper were verified partially by the creep experiment results of five types of rock.     

Laboratory investigation of the anisotropic confinement-dependent brittle-ductile transition of a Utah coal

This paper was developed as part of an effort by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) to identify risk factors associated with bumps in the prevention of fatalities and accidents in highly stressed, bump-prone ground conditions. Changes of failure mechanism with increasing confinement, from extensional-to shear-dominated failure, are widely observed in the rupture of intact specimens at the laboratory scale and in rock masses. In the previous analysis conducted in 2018, both unconfined and triaxial compressive tests were conducted to investigate the strength characteristics of some specimens of a Utah coal, including the spalling limits, the ratio of apparent unconfined compressive strength(AUCS) to unconfined compressive strength(UCS), the damage characteristics, and the postyield dilatancy. These mechanical characteristics were found to be strongly anisotropic as a function of the orientation of the cleats relative to the loading direction. However, the transition from extensional to shear failure at the given confinements was not clearly identified. In this study, a total of 20 specimens were additionally prepared from the same coal sample used in the previous study and then tested under both unconfined and triaxial compressive conditions. The different confining stresses are used as analogs for different width-to-height(W/H) ratios of pillar strength. Although the W/H ratios of the specimens were not directly considered during testing, the equivalent W/H ratios of a pillar as a function of the confining stresses were estimated using an existing empirical solution. According to this relationship,the W/H at which in-situ pillar behavior would be expected to transition from brittle to ductile is identified.     

不同围压下茅口灰岩渐进性破坏的试验研究

利用MTS815电液伺服控制刚性试验机进行不同围压下茅口灰岩三轴压缩试验,通过计算绘得相应裂隙体积应变图,分析得出裂纹起始应力、裂纹破坏应力。结果表明:随着围压的增大,应力门槛值均呈非线性增长态势,当围压超过17 MPa时,裂纹起始应力、裂纹破坏应力分别增加48.5%和20.1%,茅口灰岩延性开始增强;裂纹破坏应力为峰值强度的64%~75%,三轴压缩下茅口灰岩裂隙不稳定发展阶段较长;环向应变值随围压增大而增大,当轴力超过裂纹破坏应力进入裂隙不稳定发展阶段,环向应变增大2.7~3.2倍,用环向-轴向应力应变曲线图能较好的反映岩石应力门槛值。     

钢纤维自密实混凝土抗压性能试验研究

通过立方体试块的抗压试验,研究了钢纤维体积率、钢纤维类型、浇筑方式、粉煤灰置换率对自密实混凝土抗压强度的影响.结果表明,钢纤维提高了自密实混凝土的抗压强度;在钢纤维体积率的一定范围内,振捣改善了钢纤维对自密实混凝土抗压强度的增强效果;自密实混凝土的抗压强度随着粉煤灰置换率的增加而降低,随着龄期的增长而逐渐提高.在试验研究的基础上,给出了粉煤灰置换率为20%,30%的自密实混凝土立方抗压强度随龄期变化的计算公式.     

混凝土双轴压缩强度尺寸效应机理

为了研究混凝土双轴强度尺寸效应产生的机理,考虑混凝土尺寸效应及其宏观力学非线性源于其材料组成的非均质性,结合混凝土细观结构形式,从细观角度将混凝土看作由骨料颗粒、砂浆基质和界面过渡区组成的三相复合材料,建立了尺寸分别为150 mm×150 mm、300 mm×300 mm和600 mm×600 mm的数值混凝土试件.首先通过对150 mm×150 mm方形混凝土试件进行单轴压缩力学特性模拟,采用反演法确定了界面过渡区的力学参数,进而对双轴压缩加载下混凝土的破坏行为及其尺寸效应进行了分析.研究结果表明:1)损伤破坏形式随试件尺寸发生变化,试件最终破坏消耗的断裂能不同是导致混凝土双轴压缩强度产生尺寸效应的主要原因;2)混凝土单、双轴压缩强度均存在明显的尺寸效应行为,并且Bazant尺寸效应律能够较好地描述混凝土在单、双轴压缩加载下的强度尺寸效应.     

深部重塑土高压应力路径试验研究

为了获取高压条件下应力路径对深部土力学特性的影响,采用自行设计的室内高压试验方法研究了深部重塑土在K_0固结基础上4种典型应力路径下的应力-应变行为和强度特性.结果表明:三轴压缩路径下的应力-应变曲线形态呈应变软化型,三轴拉伸路径下的应力-应变曲线则由线性段和应变硬化段组成;三轴压缩路径下深部重塑土的屈服强度和屈服变形均大于三轴拉伸路径,而抵抗破坏的能力刚好相反,且加荷条件下深部土抵抗破坏的能力高于卸荷条件.深部重塑土的室内高压试验应根据工程实际选取合理路径以避免重大事故的发生.     

商品混凝土早龄期抗压强度的试验研究

通过对183块商品混凝土立方体试块在5个早龄期（3d、7d、14d、28d、60d）的抗压试验，拟合出了标准养护条件下不同龄期商品混凝土立方体强度计算公式，该公式的计算结果与实测结果吻合较好．可以应用到早龄期商品混凝土强度的推算。     

混杂纤维增强高性能混凝土拉压比试验研究

研究了揭示钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维混杂后对高性能混凝土强度和拉压比的影响.参照国家标准和试验方法,按不同的纤维掺量设计了9组混杂纤维增强高性能混凝土试件以及3组钢纤维增强高性能混凝土对比试件和1组普通高性能混凝土对比试件,进行了大量立方体抗压强度试验和劈裂抗拉强度试验研究,并对拉压比进行回归分析.结果在高性能混凝土中掺加适量的钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维后:对抗压强度影响不明显,但可使抗拉强度提高10%~30%,使拉压比增大到0.06~0.068;钢纤维体积掺量为0.8%、聚丙烯纤维体积掺量为0.11%时,混杂纤维增强高性能混凝土拉压比为0.068;混杂纤维增强高性能混凝土的劈裂抗拉试验为近似于延性断裂破坏.结论掺加适量钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维后,高性能混凝土的抗拉强度和拉压比均有不同程度的提高,这有利于提高高性能混凝土的抗裂性能和抗震性能.     

再生粗骨料最大粒径对再生混凝土强度影响试验研究

为了研究再生粗骨料最大粒径对再生混凝土弯拉强度、抗压强度及折压比的影响程度，采用相同配合比下最大粒径为10、15、25和31 mm的再生粗骨料制备了4组再生混凝土棱柱体试件（100 mm×100 mm×400 mm）和4组立方体试件（100 mm×100 mm×100 mm），并通过试验获得了各组再生混凝土试块的弯拉强度和抗压强度。试验结果表明：相同水胶比下，再生混凝土弯拉强度及折压比均随再生粗骨料最大粒径的增大而减小，而抗压强度随再生粗骨料最大粒径的增大呈现出先增大而后减小的趋势。     

混凝土二向应力强度计算及特性分析

混凝土二向受力是钢筋混凝上结构计算分析中经常遇到的关键问题，其中二向受压应力强度最为重要．本文在分析椭圆抛物面强度准则及综合许多试验成果的基础上，求出二向应力所有三种状态的强度判别分式，能将多种试验研究结果及所归纳的经验公式统一于一个判别公式之中，表明该公式更具有一般性意义     

混凝土三轴受压等幅疲劳力学性能试验研究

为研究混凝土在多轴疲劳应力作用下的性能,进行了0.0fc、0．1fc、0．25fc、0．4fc4个不同初始定侧压级别下的混凝土三轴压静载试验和0．1c、0．25fc两个不同初始定侧压级别下的混凝土三轴压等幅疲劳试验,疲劳试验中最小应力水平均为0．1fc,最大应力水平为1．6fc-2．5fc．根据初始定侧压下混凝土三轴压本构特征,试验中将侧压变化的拐点作为其多轴疲劳破坏的判据．试验分析表明,三轴压疲劳荷载作用下混凝土纵向最大、最小应变表现出同单轴和双轴疲劳一样的三阶段规律,而变形模量则衰减不大．由各侧压级别下的S-N曲线得到混凝土在相应工况下的疲劳强度折减系数,其研究成果可为混凝土结构疲劳设计提供参考．     

核电用双钢板-混凝土单元轴心受压组合效应

为了研究核电用双钢板-混凝土（SCS）结构在轴压荷载作用下钢与混凝土的组合效应,从材料泊松效应的角度出发,分析双钢板-混凝土单元中钢板与混凝土的应力重分布规律,总结钢混组合效应下的2类应力状态和混凝土受侧向约束的特点,采用轴压试验进行论证. 研究表明：钢板与混凝土的应力重分布规律取决于2种材料泊松比的相对变化,对于单轴受压的SCS单元,在达到承载力极限状态时,钢板处于平面压-拉应力状态,混凝土处于三向受压应力状态并存在“约束强化效应”.     

同条件养护试块检验结构实体混凝土强度研究

由于养护条件、成型方法以及试块体积的差异,混凝土标准养护试块强度不能完全代表结构实体的混凝土强度,而混凝土同条件养护试块强度和结构实体强度有很好的相关性,能够较好地反映结构实体的混凝土强度。根据试验期间气温的记录,采用成熟度(℃.d)代替养护龄期,建立了结构实体的混凝土强度和同条件养护试块强度的换算关系,计算结果与试验结果较好符合。     

混凝土与钢纤维混凝土双轴拉伸与拉压作用的试验研究

对素混凝土与钢纤维混凝土在双轴拉伸与拉压应力作用下的性能进行了试验研究。试验结果表明：混凝土双轴拉拉伸强度低于单轴拉伸强度，在双轴拉压区段抗压强度随拉应力的增加而降低，钢纤维的掺入（掺量不太高）对混凝土的破坏形态影响不很明显，但使混凝土限拉应变有所增加，同时给出了混凝土在双轴拉伸与拉压区段实用的极限强度准则。