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1.
Louis P. Jackson Colby Townsend Brian P. Grady 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2013,16(6):893-902
Binary aqueous mixtures of (1) alkyl glucopyranosides (glycosides), (2) alkyl maltopyranosides (maltosides), or (3) alkyl N-methyl glucamines with (1′) sodium alkyl sulfates or (2′) sodium n-alkyl carboxylates were investigated in an effort to evaluate physiochemical properties for mixtures of surfactants from renewable resources. Solutions at various concentrations and mixture ratios were tested and evaluated to determine critical micelle concentrations (CMCs). The greatest reduction in CMC was found for surfactants with long and intermediate hydrophobe lengths. In agreement with other studies, an increase in hydrophilic group size and flexibility decreased the electrostatic repulsion of ionic-nonionic mixed micelles as evidenced by a more negative Rubingh’s β parameter. However, at low hydrophobe length, carboxylate and glycoside headgroup mixtures produced mixed micelle interactions displaying synergism at low nonionic surfactant mole fractions and slight antagonism at high nonionic mole fractions. The asymmetry in interaction produces an S-shaped CMC curve and demonstrates that the one-parameter Rubingh model is insufficient in describing both synergism and antagonism for this binary mixture. 相似文献
2.
Michael F. Cox 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1989,66(11):1637-1646
A series of linear alcohol ether sulfates varying in alkyl carbon chain length and ethylene oxide content was evaluated with
respect to surface activity, viscosity, foaming, and detergency. Performance data agree well with surface property data. A
low level of EO is best in terms of effectiveness and efficiency in lowering surface tension, which is why a low-mole ether
sulfate salt-thickens better, produces foam which is more tolerant of soil, and gives good detergency performance. A lauryl-range
alkyl carbon chain length is best for foaming and salt-thickening, but a higher carbon chain length appears to be better for
detergency performance. 相似文献
3.
Siegfried Warwel Mark Rüsch gen. Klaas Herbert Schier Falk Brüse Berthold Wiege 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2001,103(10):645-654
The ring‐opening reaction of ω‐epoxy fatty acid methyl esters (9,10‐epoxy decanoic acid methyl ester, 10,11‐epoxy undecanoic acid methyl ester and 13,14‐epoxy tetradecanoic acid methyl ester) with N‐methyl glucamine or glucamine was studied. A new method (in methanol under reflux) leads to products, which are surfactants of linear‐ or γ‐type‐structure, in fair yields and purities. In a following step the ring‐opening products were saponificated by enzymatic catalysis or by conversion with sodium hydroxide leading to amphoteric surfactants. The surface‐active properties of the methyl esters and their corresponding acids or salts were studied at various pH‐values by measurement of surface tension of aqueous solutions and by examination of foaming properties. Depending on the chain length of the used epoxides, the structure of the obtained sugar‐based surfactant and the pH‐values, different surface‐active properties were observed. Several of the achieved products reduce the surface tension of aqueous solution down to 26—40 mN/m. Examination of foaming properties of the latter show rather poor or good foamers, depending on the surfactant used or the pH‐value of the solution. 相似文献
4.
Shuichi Matsumura Yasushi Kawamura Sadao Yoshikawa Kazuo Kawada Tsuyoshi Uchibori 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1993,70(1):17-22
Three series of D-glucosamine derivatives containing an alkyl chain with 8 to 14 atoms, methyl 2-acylamino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosides,n-alkyl 2-acetylamino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosides andn-alkyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranoside hydrochlorides, were synthesized, and their surface properties (such as surface tension,
critical micelle concentration (CMC), dynamic surface tension and foaming properties), biodegradability and antimicrobial
activities were evaluated.n-Alkyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranoside hydrochlorides containing C8 to C12 carbon chains showed surface activities, a CMC
and excellent foaming properties. The α-anomers showed a slightly lower CMC than the β-anomers, indicating less hydrophilicity
of the α-anomers. On the other hand, glucosamine derivatives containing amide groups showed poor surface activities in water
due to their lower solubilities in water. All glucosamine derivatives containing alkyl chains were biodegraded as well as
conventional ethoxylated nonionics by activated sludge from the municipal sewage treatment plant. Methyl 2-acylamino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosides
andn-alkyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranoside hydrochlorides showed a broader spectrum of antimicrobial activity than the correspondingn-alkyl glucopyranosides. Among them the C12 derivatives showed the best results. 相似文献
5.
6.
A series of novel dissymmetric gemini cationics surfactants was synthesized by three-step reactions. The dissymmetric gemini
surfactants contain a dodecanoic acid dimethylethylamine ester as the constant cationic part on one side of the hydroxypropyl
center and a similar other cationic part, but with a different acid length (from octanoic to palmitic), on the other side.
The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the effectiveness of surface tension reduction (γ
CMC) were determined. The surface tension measurements of dissymmetric gemini surfactants showed good water solubility, and low
CMC had great efficiency in lowering the surface tension and a strong adsorption at the air/water interface. The CMC was observed
to increase initially with the increase of the ester bond alkyl group. They also showed good foaming properties and wetting
capabilites. 相似文献
7.
温度及无机盐对LMEE和SDS混合溶液表面张力的影响 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
通过表面张力的测定,研究了温度和不同无机盐对月桂酸甲酯乙氧基化物(laurylmethylesterethoxylate,简称LMEE)与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)复配物表面张力及临界胶束浓度(CMC)的影响。研究表明:混合体系的CMC在很宽的复配比例内出现最低值,25℃、未加无机盐时可使CMC最低降至3 8×10-5mol/L;温度对复配体系表面张力的影响较小,温度上升复配物的CMC略有降低。3种价态无机盐的加入均可使复配物的CMC有所降低,但与单一表面活性剂相比,温度和无机盐对复配物的CMC影响均不大,说明复配体系的抗温变及抗盐能力均有增强。 相似文献
8.
Hetal Gandhi Snehal Modi Nirmesh Jain Pratap Bahadur 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2001,4(4):359-365
Tensiometric studies on several binary surfactant mixtures containing anionic surfactants, viz., metal (lithium, sodium, potassium, copper, cobalt, and magnesium) dodecyl sulfates and a nonionic surfactant (Triton X-100)
in water at different mole fractions (0–1) provide critical micelle concentration (CMC) values. The composition of mixed micelles
and the interaction parameter, β, evaluated from the CMC data for different systems using Rubingh's theory, are discussed.
Marked interaction is observed with monovalent dodecyl sulfates. The influence of counter-ion valence on the formation of
mixed micelles was investigated for anionic-nonionic systems, and results indicated that mixed systems with bivalent counter-ions
in metal dodecyl sulfate resembled nonionic-nonionic systems where weak/negligible interaction has been reported. Salt addition
revealed the weakening of interaction in the mixed systems, which is attributed to the head group charge neutralization and
the dehydration of the ethylene oxide units of the nonionic surfactants. A few cloud point and viscosity data are also reported. 相似文献
9.
Yun-Peng Zhu Milton J. Rosen Stephen W. Morrall 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》1998,1(1):1-9
The surface properties [effectiveness of surface tension reduction (γCMC), critical micelle concentration (CMC), efficiency of surface tension reduction (pC
20), maximum surface excess concentration (ΓCMC), minimum area/molecule at the interface (A
min), and the CMC/C
20) ratio] of well-purified N-substituted glycine derivatives, having the structural formula RC(O)N(R′)CH2COONa, where RC(O)=lauroyl, myristoyl, or oleoyl, and R′=Et, Pr, Bu, CH2CH2OH or CH2CH2CH2OCH3, were investigated at 25°C in hard river water and distilled water. These surfactants show greater surface activity in hard
river water than in distilled water. The effect of both the main alkyl chain R and the N-substituent R′ on surface properties was elucidated, the oleoyl group showing properties equivalent to that of a C16 saturated acyl group. A linear relationship was observed between the pC
20 or CMC values and the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain R or in R′ when it was alkyl. With increase in the number
of carbon atoms in either R or the N-substituent R′ when it is alkyl, both pC
20 and micelle-forming ability increase, although the effect of R′ on the foregoing two surface properties is lower than that
of R. When R′ is (CH2)3OCH3, however, the results suggest that R′ is only partly removed from contact with the aqueous phase either upon adsorption at
the water/air interface or upon micellization. It increases A
min, is equivalent only to an ethyl group in its effect on pC
20 and to a methyl group in its effect on CMC, and, in contrast to the effect of R′ when it is alkyl, produces no increase in
the CMC/C
20 ratio. As a result, γCMC increases with R when R′ is alkyl and decreases with R when R′ is (CH2)3OCH3. 相似文献
10.
Synthesis,Surface Activity and Aggregation Behavior of Novel Gemini Pyridinium Amphiphiles
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Junsheng Hao Pan Wang Yongbin Zhang Yue Zhang 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2016,19(5):915-923
A series of novel pyridinium cationic gemini amphiphiles, 3,3′-(carbonyldiimino)bis (1-n-alkylpyridinium) dibromides, having octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl alkyl chains were synthesized. The surface properties and aggregation behavior in aqueous solution were evaluated by surface tension, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurement. The adsorption at the air/solution interface of all the compounds were quantitative described using the Frumkin model, and the effect of alkyl chain length on surface activity and aggregate behavior was analyzed. It was found that all the gemini amphiphiles possess surface activity and low critical micellization concentration (CMC) values. The values of log CMC depended linearly on the carbon number of the alkyl chains, but the surface tension at the CMC (γcmc) showed a minimum for the compound with dodecyl chains. Combinations of DLS and TEM observations showed the existence of vesicles with a broad size distribution in aqueous solution. Meanwhile, vesicles formed below the CMC could be a possible reason for the observed deviation of surface tension curves from the Frumkin model. 相似文献
11.
N-Alkyl glucamines can be reacted with α,ω-diepoxides to yield gemini (dimeric) surfactants similarly to the reaction of glucamine
with terminal epoxides. Under the conditions chosen for this work, epoxides were quantitatively converted in the presence
of an equimolar amount of amine to gemini surfactants. Reactions could be carried out under mild conditions (70°C) in methanol,
and products were obtained quantitatively by removing the solvent. The combination of N-octyl glucamine, N-decyl glucamine, or N-dodecyl glucamine with diepoxides of α,ω-diolefins having chain lengths of C8, C9, C10, or C14 resulted in gemini surfactants differing in spacer length and length of hydrophobic alkyl chains. Surface-active properties
were studied by measuring surface tension and evaluating foaming properties. Tensiometric studies showed the reduction of
surface tension down to 29–33 mN/m and critical micelle concentrations often in the range of 3–150 mg/L. Comparison of a selected
gemini surfactant [1,8-bis(N-dodecyl glucamino-2,7-octane diol] with its corresponding “single surfactant” demonstrated the enhancement of surface-active
properties afforded by the gemini structure. 相似文献
12.
Zhigang Xu Pengfei Li Weihong Qiao Zongshi Li Lubo Cheng 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2006,9(3):245-248
Surface properties of two series of anionic arylalkyl surfactants, containing different aromatic rings in the straight aliphatic
chain, sodium N-aryloleyl-N-methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonates and sodium N-aryloleyl p-methoxyanili-nesulfonates, were investigated. An increase of the aromatic ring size in the alkyl chain increases the critical
micelle concentration (CMC) and surface tension at CMC. However, this also decreases the efficiency and effectiveness in reducing
water surface tension. The dominant factor of the decrease of efficiency and effectiveness is attributed to the function of
the hydrophilic segment and hydrophobic segment for arylalkyl surfactants, respectively. The same results are found in the
standard free energy of adsorption (ΔG
o
ads) and the standard free energy of micellization (ΔG
o
mic) values. Moreover, with the increase of the aromatic ring size, the adsorption and micellization of arylalkyl surfactants
begin to weaken. The data indicate that some parts of surface properties for arylalkyl surfactants are affected by the bulkiness
of the arylalkyl chain. The results provide opportunities for further detailed examination of surface properties of arylalkyl
surfactants with other branched alkyl chains. 相似文献
13.
Alkyl glycoside fatty acid esters were successfully synthesized by lipase-catalyzed transesterification of methyl glucoside,
methyl glucoside, methyl galactoside and octyl glucoside with methyl oleate. The experiments were carried out in organic media
with lipase enzymes fromCandida sp. as biocatalysts. Time course and the effects of temperature, solvent type, substrate concentration, added water and of
immobilizedvs. nonimmobilized enzyme were studied. The optimal conditions for the enzymatic synthesis of alkyl glycoside fatty acid esters
were: a molar ratio of alkyl glycoside and methyl oleate of 1:4, an immobilized lipase, SP382 fromCandida sp.; benzene/pyridine (2:1, vol/vol) with no added water; temperature, 55°C; reaction time, 48 h; and shaking at 200 rpm.
Acceptable levels of oleic acid incorporation (58.6–100 mol%) onto the alkyl glycosides were achieved. 相似文献
14.
A novel homologous series of 1-N-l-phenylalanine-glycerol ether surfactants was synthesized in satisfactory yields via reaction of epichlorohydrin with aliphatic alcohols with alkyl chains of 10–15 carbon atoms. Structural assignment of the
new compounds was made on the basis of elemental analysis and spectroscopic data. Critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface
tension at the CMC (γCMC), surfactant concentration required to reduce the surface tension of the solvent by 20 mN/m (pC20), and the interfacial area occupied by the surfactant molecules (Amin) were determined from aqueous surface tension measurements using the Wilhelmy plate technique. 相似文献
15.
Micellar and Interfacial Behavior of Mixed Systems Containing Glycoside‐Based Surfactant and Cationic Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride
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The behavior of binary mixtures of glycoside‐based surfactants in combination with didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) has been studied using surface tension measurements. The three glycoside‐based surfactants are nonionic decyl glycoside (APG), nonionic dodecyl ethoxy glycoside (AEG) and anionic disodium dodecyl ethoxy glycoside citrate (AEG‐EC). Lower critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and minimum molecular area (Amin) values were obtained for all the mixed systems. The pC20 values of APG/DDAC and AEG‐EC/DDAC mixtures are larger than pure surfactants, while the values of AEG/DDAC are between those of AEG and DDAC. Interactions between the monomers have also been investigated by determining the interaction parameters. Negative βm and βs values indicate synergistic effects in both the mixed micelle and monolayer formation. For different mixed systems, interaction in the mixed micelle formation becomes stronger in the order: AEG/DDAC < AEG‐EC/DDAC < APG/DDAC. The degree of synergism in the mixed monolayer formation follows the order: AEG/DDAC < APG/DDAC < AEG‐EC/DDAC. 相似文献
16.
Several equation models were investigated to find the relationship between temperature (T). number of ethylene oxide (EO) units (n) or the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) and the surface and thermodynamic properties of some ethoxylated alkylphenol-formaldehyde polymeric nonionic surfactants. These properties include critical micelle concentration (CMC), free energy of micellization (ΔGmic), surface tension at CMC (7CMC), effectiveness (γCMC) and efficiency (pC20) of surfactant to reduce the surface tension of water. The values of the ratio CMC/C2(π = 20) were also considered. The linear multiple regression technique was employed to determine the parameters of the equations and to choose the best forms with the highest values of R2 and F-ratio which reflect the goodness and the reliability of the fit. 相似文献
17.
Huo-xin Luan Wen-xiang Wu Jie-cheng Cheng Tao Yu Guang-miao Qu Ya-bin Xu Guo-qiao Li Xiao-yu Gao An-jun Li Dan-dan Yuan Wei Tong Zhong Li Kang Liu Guo-yu Liu Wei Ding 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2012,15(5):631-636
This paper deals with the synthesis of a series of alkyl m-xylene sulfonate isomers (with the m-xylene located at the eighth carbon atom along the long alkyl chain) by the Friedel?CCrafts reaction, and the Grignard reaction followed by hydrogenation. The structures were confirmed by 1H NMR. All analytical methods indicated high levels of purity of the isomers with the eighth carbon atom at the long alkyl chain. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension and maximum surface excess concentration at the CMC and area per molecule at the interface were determined. As the long alkyl chains increased the surfactant molecule tends to pack closely at the gas?Cliquid interface. Accordingly, the CMC decreased, the adsorption density increased, and the surface tension reduction was strengthened. 相似文献
18.
An efficient and simple lipase-mediated synthesis of alkyl ricinoleates and 12-hydroxy stearates was performed by transesterification
of methyl ricinoleate/12-hydroxy stearate and various alcohols in a solvent-free system without estolide formation. The reaction
conditions were optimized by varying the temperature, pressure, and dosage of lipase. Sulfates of alkyl ricinoleates/12-hydroxy
stearates were evaluated for surfactant properties such as surface tension, critical micelle concentration, emulsifying properties,
foaming power, and calcium tolerance. The surfactant properties of sulfated alkyl ricinoleates were found to be superior to
the sulfated alkyl 12-hydroxy series. The surfactant properties of the above two series of compounds were then compared with
sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the properties of sulfated dodecyl ricinoleate and sulfated dodecyl 12-hydroxy stearate were found
to be comparable with sodium dodecyl sulfate. 相似文献
19.
Milton J. Rosen 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1989,66(12):1840-1843
Guidelines are provided for the selection of surfactant pairs when synergism in various interfacial properties in aqueous
media is desired. To maximize the reduction of the critical micelle concentration, the two surfactants should show strong
attractive interaction in the mixed micelle; in order to maximize efficiency in surface tension reduction, strong interaction
in the mixed monolayer at the aqueous solution/air interface (large negativeβ values is needed). The more surface-active material should predominate in the mixture. When interaction is not strong, the
two surface-active materials used should have approximately equal surface activities and should be used at equimolar concentration
in the aqueous phase. To minimize the surface tension (γ) of the solution, the surfactant-surfactant attractive interaction in the mixed monolayer at the aqueous solution/air interface
must exceed that in the mixed micelle. Optimization can be achieved by using two surfactants with approximately equal γ values
at their respective critical micelle concentrations (CMC’s). When these γ values are not equal, the surfactant with the higher
γ value at its CMC should have the smaller area/molecule at the surface. The greater the difference between attractive interaction
at the interface and in the micelle, the lower the value of the surface tension. 相似文献
20.
Yun-Peng Zhu Milton J. Rosen Stephen W. Morrall Johannes Tolls 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》1998,1(2):187-193
Surface properties of a series of highly purified linear alkyl benzene sulfonates were extensively studied in hard river water.
The effects of water hardness, alkyl chain length and position of the phenyl sulfonate group in the molecule on such surface
properties as pC20, critical micelle concentration (CMC), γCMC, CMC/C20 ratio, and minimum area per molecule at the interface are discussed in detail. The position of phenyl sulfonate group in
the molecule was found to have a pronounced effect on the CMC, γCMC value, CMC/C20 ratio, and, to the contrary, a relatively small effect on the pC20 value. The linear relationship between pC20 or-log CMC, and m, the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, was found for surfactants with the phenyl sulfonate group either at the terminal
position or at the more central position in the molecule. γCMC decreases but the CMC value increases, when the position of phenyl sulfonate group moves from the terminal toward a more
central position of the molecule, reflecting the “Hartley Effect” resulting from the branched alkyl chain. 相似文献