疏水SiO2宽频增透膜的制备与研究

采用溶胶-凝胶浸渍提拉工艺在玻璃表面制备了双层增透膜,该薄膜由折射率分别为1.12和1.33的两层膜构成。薄膜在380~1 100nm和1 100~2 500nm范围内平均透过率较空白玻璃分别提高了7.68%和4.39%。薄膜接触角大约141°,且表层膜在2个月内能保持较高的疏水效果。双层增透膜制备方法简单,在宽光谱耐环境减反射领域有一定的应用潜力。     

基于光控监控厚度的胶合棱镜滤光膜系制备技术

胶合滤光棱镜主要是用来让不同波段的光谱或透射或反射以达到在一系列波段中选取所需要辐射波段的目的,其在两光路及以上的综合光电系统改善像质方面应用广泛,但是实际工艺加工中对于大陡度的胶合滤光棱镜膜系由于膜层厚度误差累积效应,经常在陡度附近透射波段出现“塌峰”现象,严重影响胶合滤光棱镜的实际光谱性能。阐述了光学薄膜透射率控制膜层厚度停止点的原理、镀膜机直接光控结构、胶合棱镜与光控片监控波长换算公式,并利用ARES1350镀膜机直接光控系统光控片监控胶合棱镜滤光膜系,提高了膜层厚度的控制精度,修正了膜层厚度的误差累计,达到了所制备膜系在790～825 nm, Ravg≥95%,895～935 nm, Tavg≥95%的滤光技术指标要求,膜层质量满足JB/T 8226.8—1999检测标准,为该类大陡度胶合滤光棱镜陡度附近透射率的控制提供了新的工艺方法。     

双层双路磁保持继电器结构设计及测试研究

磁保持继电器是构成智能电表的最为重要的核心元器件之一，针对现有单层单路、单层双路磁保持继电器存在的空间占位过大等不足，设计了一种新型的双层双路磁保持继电器，并加工出了相应的样品，参照JB/T10923—2010测试标准，对样品进行了系统和全面的测试。测试结果表明，新开发的双层双路磁保持继电器，在电寿命提高、抗短路电流能力、小体积占位等多项性能指标方面实现了综合优化。     

高级次通带滤光膜设计与制备技术

滤光膜主要是用来选取所需要辐射波段的光学零件,可以应用在可见、微光、近红外、短波红外、中远红外等光电系统中,起到波段分离、干扰抑制、色差补偿等关键作用。因此,在白光成像、微光夜视、激光测距、激光制导、红外探测等具备多项功能的军用光电装备中得到了广泛的应用。从对称膜系结构的矩阵计算公式出发,阐述了高级次截止带的产生与消除条件,通过膜系结构中匹配膜料系数,设计了2种高级次截止带消除的滤光膜系结构,比较2种膜系的工艺容差,选择最优滤光膜系结构进行了真空镀膜工艺制备,指出了制备过程中被抑制的高级次截止带会再次出现是由于匹配系数失配及修正匹配系数对策。同时,利用APS离子源辅助镀膜技术,提升了薄膜的成膜质量,达到了所制备膜系在胶合棱镜45°倾斜测试下450～650 nm, Tave≥90%,1 570 nm±10 nm, Rave≥95%的滤光要求,膜层质量满足JB/T 8226.8—1999检测标准。     

Ti/Ag及Ag薄膜的应力状态及其对摩擦学性能的影响

制备了具有不同应力状态的Ti/Ag双层薄膜及Ag单层膜。考察了两类薄膜的内应力状态及其对薄膜摩擦学性能的影响。试验结果表明：薄膜的应力状态对其摩擦学性能可产生明显影响。Ti/Ag双层薄膜的应力变化及其对摩擦学性能的影响比单层膜更为复杂，可以通过控制Ti中间层的膜厚来得到有利于提高薄膜摩擦学性能的应力状态。     

宽带多层增透膜技术及应用鉴定会

由沈阳仪器仪表工艺研究所研制的光学零件宽带多层增透膜技术及现场应用鉴定会于1983年11月26日至28日在天津举行,受机械工业部仪表局委托,天津市第二机械工业局主持了会议。35个单位的70余名代表出席了会议。研制单位介绍了宽带多层增透膜的设计及制备,适于各种折射率玻璃的三层λ_0/4增透膜系及控制方法,着重介绍了在彩色摄影物镜上设计制备多层增透膜系,以求得最佳彩色增生指数和最高透过率的设计思想;介绍了在孔雀相机上施加多层增透膜的膜系设计及测试结果。天津     

二氧化硅钝化膜提高GaN基LED光提取效率的研究

介绍了通过二氧化硅增透膜来提高GaN基LED光提取效率,采用等离子体增强气相沉积法(PECVD)制备了二氧化硅钝化膜,经对器件的测试表明,在器件上沉积二氧化硅增透膜能够使器件的出光效率提高28.4%,同时提高了器件的可靠性。     

掺杂Gd2O3对ZrO2薄膜负非均匀性的影响

ZrO2膜层具有明显的负非均匀性,严重影响了在光学薄膜制备中的应用,特别是对多层增透膜有明显的影响。通过对膜层微观结构及生长成核过程的研究,揭示了ZrO2膜层负非均匀性产生的原因及特点。基于此,在ZrO2膜料中掺如一定量的Gd2O3膜料,在电子柬蒸发和适当的真空度、淀积速率、基底温度等工艺条件下,明显地降低了ZrO2膜层折射率的负非均匀性,从而提高ZrO2膜层光学使用性能。     

氮气反应溅射制备Co/Sb多层膜研究

针对"水窗"波段(280~540eV)对多层膜反射镜的应用需求,在Sb的M5吸收边(525.5eV)附近,选择Co和Sb作为该能点的多层膜材料组合,优化设计膜系结构。采用直流磁控溅射方法制备了Co/Sb多层膜,通过在溅射气体氩气中引入氮气作为反应气体,多层膜界面粗糙度明显减小。利用X射线掠入射反射(GIXRR)测试多层膜结构,并在北京BSRF同步辐射3W1B实验站测量了反应溅射前后的多层膜反射率(SXR),结果表明:氮气含量为25%时的界面粗糙度最小,反射率从无反应溅射的7.2%提高到11.7%。     

磁控溅射沉积TiB_2/DLC纳米多层膜的结构及其机械性能研究

采用非平衡磁控溅射系统在P(100)硅片和304不锈钢基底上制备TiB_2/DLC纳米多层膜。利用FESEM、TEM、XRD和AFM观察多层膜的微观结构和表面形貌;利用纳米压痕仪、维氏硬度计和CSM球-盘摩擦磨损试验机考察TiB_2靶电流对多层膜的机械性能和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明:TiB_2/DLC多层膜具有良好的多层调制结构,多层膜沿TiB_2(101)晶向择优生长;多层膜的表面粗糙度随着TiB_2靶电流增加而增加;多层膜中的大量异质界面能显著提高薄膜的硬度及韧性,而且当TiB_2靶电流为2.0 A时,多层膜的硬度约为单层DLC薄膜的两倍;多层膜中具有硬质TiB_2层和软质DLC层的交替结构,在摩擦过程中,硬层TiB_2起到良好的承载作用,软层DLC起到良好的润滑作用,使多层膜具有比单层DLC薄膜更低的摩擦因数。     

用于硅太阳能电池的高效减反射膜

文中论述了硅电池上各类减反膜的特性。分析了λ₀/4和非λ₀/4膜厚的双层减反膜;介绍了TiO₂—SiO₂和TiO₂—Al₂O双层减反膜的设计、工艺和实验结果的有关数据。结果表明,该膜层牢固、性能稳定,可使硅太阳能电池获得较高的光电转换效率。     

一种实用化的光控自动真空镀膜机

采用分布式控制(DCS)的方法,用小型可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)替代中型PLC,提出了镀膜真空的13个子过程概念,实现了基于国产部件的真空过程自动化。以国产光控为核心,采用组态软件和控制软件结合的方法,通过经典和现代滤波技术,实现了光控自动判停,采用监控信号变化率dR/dt来控制薄膜的蒸发束率,制作了相应的分光膜和宽带增透膜,在低成本前提下提高了光学薄膜监控的精度。     

Infrared optical coatings in SITP

1Introduction ShanghaiInstituteofTechnicalPhysics(SITP)isanationalresearchinstituteunderthe ChineseAcademyofSciences.Themainre searchfieldofSITPisinfraredoptics electronic scienceandengineering.SITPsometimesmake someopticalremoteobservinginstrumentsfor meteorologicalsatellite.Opticalcoatingsarealwaystheessentialel ementsinmodernopticalinstruments.Itisvery importanttogethighopticalefficiencyforanin fraredremoteobservinginstrument[1].Inorder togethighspectrumresolution,somesuper narrowpa…     

A Microwave Free-Space Method Using Artificial Lens with Anti-reflection Layer

This paper describes a microwave free-space method using flat artificial lens antennas with anti-reflection layer. The lens antenna is made of an artificial material of metal particle. Comparing with our previous study, Anti-reflection (AR) layers are supplemented to the lens in this study to obtain a wave matching on the air-lens interface. The improved lens is in a disk shape of 50 mm diameter and 5.9 mm thickness. The lens is applied in a free-space setup, in which it is set in front of a patch antenna resonating at 15 GHz to get a high gain. The free-space setup is used to measure microwave attenuation and phase shift through a sawdust sample. The experimental results show that the multiple-reflection in the free-space method becomes small, because the reflection on air-lens interface has been reduced. The proposed AR lens antenna is flat and very small in the size. It is possible to construct a very compact and low cost free-space setup using the improved lens.     

微型计算机在三层增透膜设计中的应用

本文叙述了三层和等效三层增透膜的设计原理,介绍了用CROMEMCO微型计算机进行规整和等效三层增透膜的设计和计算。程序由BASIC语言编制。设计中用逼近法使膜系的光谱特性达到或优于所给定的最低要求,用导纳矩阵法进行了剩余反射率的计算。     

The Tribology of PS212 Coatings and PM212 Composites for the Lubrication of Titanium 6A1-4V Components of a Stirling Engine Space Power System

The Stirling space power machine incorporates a linear alternator to generate electrical power. The alternator is a reciprocating device that is driven by a solar or nuclear-powered Stirling engine. The power piston and cylinder are made of titanium 6A1–4V (Ti6–4) alloy, and are designed to be lubricated by a hydrodynamically-generated gas film. Rubbing occurs during starts and stops and there is the possibility of an occasional high speed rub. Since titanium is known to have a severe galling tendency in sliding contacts, a “backup,” self-lubricating coating on the cylinder and/or the piston is needed. This report describes the results of a research program to study the lubrication of Ti6–4 with the following chromium carbide based materials: plasma-sprayed PS212 coatings and sintered PM212 counterfaces. Program objectives are to achieve adherent coatings on Ti6–4 and to measure the friction and wear characteristics of the following sliding combinations under conditions simulative of the Stirling-driven space power linear alternator: Ti6–4/Ti6–4 baseline, Ti6–4/PS212-coated Ti6–4, and PS212-coated Ti6–4/PM212.     

照相镜头彩色还原增透膜的作图设计法

本文分析了影响照相镜头色贡献指数的主要因素,着重地研究了增透膜在改善照相镜头彩色还原性能方面所起的重要作用。根据国际标准,指出了照相镜头色还原性的评价指标,论述了照相镜头彩色还原增透膜的设计思想,建立了一种实用的设计方法——作图设计法,并且通过实例介绍了这种方法的实际应用。     

Structure of electrodeposited graded composite coatings of Ni–Al–Al2O3

The structure of electrodeposited composite coatings of Ni–Al–Al₂O₃, with Ni as the matrix and Al and Al₂O₃ as second-phase particles, was investigated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Ni coatings with no particles, which were used as reference samples, had progressively coarser structures with increasing current density. Co-deposition with Al resulted in refinement of the Ni matrix structure at high (>10 A dm⁻²) current densities. For single-particle baths, the co-deposition of Al₂O₃ was more strongly affected by current density and bath particle content than was the co-deposition of Al. However, for baths containing both Al and Al₂O₃ the amount of incorporated Al₂O₃ no longer depended on current density. With the choice of appropriate conditions, coatings of Ni with up to 39 vol.% Al₂O₃ were made. Similar experiments with Al yielded a maximum of 17.5 vol.% only. Uniform and graded mixed-particle coatings were also produced. When coatings containing Al were annealed, the reaction of the two elements resulted in the formation of either single-phase γ or two-phase γ–γ' alloys, in agreement with the equilibrium phase diagram.     

State-of-the-art Architectures and Technologies of High-Efficiency Solar Cells Based on III–V Heterostructures for Space and Terrestrial Applications

Multi-junction solar cells based on III–V compounds are the most efficient converters of solar energy to electricity and are widely used in space solar arrays and terrestrial photovoltaic modules with sunlight concentrators. All modern high-efficiency III–V solar cells are based on the long-developed triple-junction III–V GaInP/GaInAs/Ge heterostructure and have an almost limiting efficiency for a given architecture — 30 and 41.6% for space and terrestrial concentrated radiations, respectively. Currently, an increase in efficiency is achieved by converting from the 3-junction to the more efficient 4-, 5-, and even 6-junction III–V architectures: growth technologies and methods of post-growth treatment of structures have been developed, new materials with optimal bandgaps have been designed, and crystallographic parameters have been improved. In this review, we consider recent achievements and prospects for the main directions of research and improvement of architectures, technologies, and materials used in laboratories to develop solar cells with the best conversion efficiency: 35.8% for space, 38.8% for terrestrial, and 46.1% for concentrated sunlight. It is supposed that by 2020, the efficiency will approach 40% for direct space radiation and 50% for concentrated terrestrial solar radiation. This review considers the architecture and technologies of solar cells with record-breaking efficiency for terrestrial and space applications. It should be noted that in terrestrial power plants, the use of III–V SCs is economically advantageous in systems with sunlight concentrators.     

计量线高次谐波的定量研究

采用自制的840/mm金膜自支撑透射光栅和美国IRD公司的AXUV100G光电二极管探测器,定量研究了光谱辐射标准和计量光束线在5~140 nm波段的高次谐波。研究了Al、Si₃N₄和Zr滤片在不同能量范围对高次谐波的抑制作用,给出了实验数据和曲线。实验结果显示:在5~15 nm波段,不用任何滤片高次谐波的信号强度＜7％;在5~34 nm波段,适当的选用Al、Si₃N₄和Zr滤片可有效地抑制高次谐波,将高次谐波占基波的积分信号强度比例控制在＜14％,经探测器的量子效率修正后高次谐波的百分比在6.5％以内。在经过MgF₂窗滤波的115~140 nm波段,高次谐波的衍射峰几乎完全被抑制。这一研究为软X射线和极紫外的光谱计量、探测器定标和光学元件性能测试奠定了基础。