Quarter-Wavelength Coupled Variable Bandstop and Bandpass Filters Using Varactor Modes

A quarter-wavelength coupled bandstop filter rising varactor diodes for the 6-GHz band has been proposed and tested. Frequency giving maximum attenuation varies from 4.4 GHz-7 GHz. A quarter-wavelength coupled variable bandpass filter using varactor diodes for the 4-GHz band is also proposed and tested. The passband width varies from 730 MHz-1.22 GHz. The center frequency of the filter can also be changed.     

一种新型四级叠层波导带通滤波器

提出一种新型四级叠层介质波导谐振器滤波器的结构及其设计方法。建立三维有限分析模型讨论了二级介质波导滤波器耦合特性,设计出二级片式介质波导谐振器滤波器。采用LTCC工艺叠加两块二级片式波导滤波器得到四级叠层波导滤波器,通过三维有限元分析模型绘制出四级叠层波导滤波器耦合特性曲线。最终设计出的四级叠层波导滤波器长8.8mm、宽6.2mm、厚1.6mm,中心频率5.2GHz,带宽300MHz,带内波动0.1 dB,插损0.8dB。其具有小型化、低插损以及适合表面帖装等特点,能满足下一代WLAN系统应用要求。     

All-Optical Demultiplexing of WLAN and Cellular CDMA Radio Signals

Subcarrier multiplexed transmission of multimedia radio signals over fiber is often done to deliver broadband services cost effectively. These signals need to be demultiplexed, preferably in the optical domain, to avoid loss and noise due to optical-to-electrical conversion. However, it is challenging to optically isolate signals at subgigahertz range due to the need for very narrow optical bandpass filters with high selectivity and low insertion loss and distortion. We developed such a novel subpicometer all-optical bandpass filter by creating a resonance cavity using two closely matched fiber Bragg gratings. This filter has a bandwidth of 120 MHz at -3 dB, 360 MHz at -10 dB, and 1.5 GHz at -20 dB. Experimental results show that this filter optically separates two RF signals spaced as close as 50 MHz without significant distortion. This paper analytically and experimentally investigates the scenario when this filter was used with 2.4-GHz (wireless local area network) and 900-MHz (cellular wireless) radio signals. The bit-error rate of the underlying baseband data is related to the linearity and isolation of the filter.     

Dual-wavelength 10-GHz actively mode-locked erbium fiber laser

We present the first 10 GHz dual-wavelength actively mode-locked erbium fiber laser (ML-EFL). Dual-wavelength operation is achieved by introducing two intracavity branches, each containing a tunable optical bandpass filter. A variable output coupler combining the filter branches also equalizes the effective cavity gain for the two wavelengths, By adjusting the filters and the coupler, dual-wavelength ML-EFL operation is achieved at different wavelengths. Nearly transform-limited, 4- and 6.2-ps-wide 10-GHz soliton pulses are e.g., simultaneously generated at 1542.3 and 1563.8 nm, respectively. The experimental results agree very well with analytical calculations     

Bandpass filter of serial configuration with two finite transmission zeros using LTCC technology

This study proposes a second-order bandpass filter of serial configuration. The filter schema incorporates a grounding capacitor, connecting the two conventional parallel LC resonators with the ground, to provide two finite transmission zeros. The impedance matrix and graphical solutions describe proposed filter's operation principle. To demonstrate the proposed filter schema, two bandpass filters, with center frequencies of 2.44 and 4.8 GHz, were designed and implemented using low-temperature co-fired ceramic multilayer technology. The measured results were found to agree well with the simulation results. The 2.44-GHz fabricated bandpass filter was found to possess low in-band insertion loss and high out-band suppression, making it suitable in wireless local area networks, Bluetooth, and RF home links.     

A millimeter-wave bandpass waveguide filter using a width-stacked silicon bulk micromachining approach

A 30-GHz bandpass filter is realized in a novel waveguide topology, through the use of bulk micromachining of standard (low-resistivity) silicon wafers. In this new design, the width of the rectangular waveguide structure is created through the stacking of etched silicon wafer pieces. This width-stacking approach eliminates the presence of convex corners in the design, resulting in more controllable etching. Also, this design enables the simple implementation of the split-block technique, which alleviates Ohmic contact resistance issues. This latter aspect, combined with a double-sided etching strategy that enables deep cavities to be formed, leads to very high-Q silicon micromachined resonators (Q/sub 0//spl ap/4500). A three-cavity bandpass filter was fabricated and tested leading to a deembedded insertion loss of 1dB at a center frequency of 29.7GHz, with a 3-dB bandwidth of 0.654GHz (2.2%). These results validate this new micromachined waveguide approach, and demonstrates a significant improvement over other millimeter-wave micromachined waveguide filters.     

EM based design of square-ring vialess bandpass filters

A simple technique for the design of new, vialess square-ring bandpass filters is presented. The proposed technique is based on the full-wave electromagnetic simulation of a single filter section with variable offset distance to realize a wide range of bandpass filters with flexible specifications at any given center frequency. The new, multilayered filter configurations are vialess in nature, taking advantage of the broadside coupling between different layers for simple fabrication. Two- and three-resonator Chebyshev bandpass filters with 20% and 10% bandwidth are designed at a center frequency of 2 GHz and the theoretical response is validated by measurement. Due to the EM based design approach, the proposed technique offers a high degree of accuracy. These new configurations are suitable for a variety of multilayered fabricational technologies.     

LTCC宽边耦合交指型超宽带滤波器设计

提出用交指型结构实现超宽带（UWB）带通滤波器的小型化,并给出了设计方法。该结构通过宽边耦合实现超宽带滤波器需要的较大耦合系数,并通过加宽带状线谐振器的宽度减少不必要的交叉耦合,简化了滤波器的设计。最终设计了一个中心频率为f0,相对带宽为58%的六阶交指带通滤波器,滤波器尺寸仅为8 mm×11 mm。从仿真结果看,该滤波器保持了传统交指型滤波器阻带特性好,寄生通带远的优点。     

基于LTCC技术双零点带通滤波器的研究

基于LTCC技术提出了一种二阶带通滤波器,它是无源器件的重要结构。在设计上,得到一个中心频率为2.45 GHz、带宽为100 MHz的微波带通滤波器,传输零点频率为1.75 GHz和4.40 GHz。其尺寸为3 mm×3 mm×0.7 mm。它由电感电容元件构成6层立体结构,电磁与电路仿真结果吻合,表明所设计结构既减小了其体积,又得到了较好的频率效果。     

双模方形带通滤波器的分析、建模及设计

本文报道一种利用谐振器中缺口位置设计双模带通滤波器的新方法.用这种方法既可以实现具有一对传输零点的双模带通滤波器,也可以实现无传输零点的双模带通滤波器.通过分析缺口位置对谐振器内电场模式分布的影响,建立了双模滤波器的拓扑结构图.利用全波仿真软件,基于不同的缺口位置设计了中心频率为2.05GHz,带宽为100MHz的两种...     

Low-loss LTCC cavity filters using system-on-package technology at 60 GHz

In this paper, three-dimensional (3-D) integrated cavity resonators and filters consisting of via walls are demonstrated as a system-on-package compact solution for RF front-end modules at 60 GHz using low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology. Slot excitation with a /spl lambda/g/4 open stub has been applied and evaluated in terms of experimental performance and fabrication accuracy and simplicity. The strongly coupled cavity resonator provides an insertion loss <0.84 dB, a return loss >20.6 dB over the passband (/spl sim/0.89 GHz), and a 3-dB bandwidth of approximately 1.5% (/spl sim/0.89 GHz), as well as a simple fabrication of the feeding structure (since it does not require to drill vias to implement the feeding structure). The design has been utilized to develop a 3-D low-loss three-pole bandpass filter for 60-GHz wireless local area network narrow-band (/spl sim/1 GHz) applications. This is the first demonstration entirely authenticated by measurement data for 60-GHz 3-D LTCC cavity filters. This filter exhibits an insertion loss of 2.14 dB at the center frequency of 58.7 GHz, a rejection >16.4 dB over the passband, and a 3-dB bandwidth approximately 1.38% (/spl sim/0.9 GHz).     

Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cross-Coupled Filter With Negative Coupling Structure

Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology provides an attractive solution to the integration of planar and nonplanar circuits by using a planar circuit fabrication process. However, it is usually difficult to implement the negative coupling structure required for the design of compact canonical folded elliptic or quasi-elliptic cross-coupled bandpass filter on the basis of a single-layer SIW. In this paper, a special planar negative coupling scheme including a magnetic coupling post-wall iris and a balanced microstrip line with a pair of metallic via-holes is studied in detail. Two -band fourth-degree cross-coupled bandpass filters without and with source-load coupling using the negative coupling structures are then proposed and designed. The two novel SIW filters having the same center frequency of 20.5 GHz and respective passband width of 700 and 800 MHz are implemented on a single-layer Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with thickness of 0.508 mm. Measured results of those filters, which exhibit a high selectivity, and a minimum in-band insertion loss of approximately 0.9 and 1.0 dB, respectively, agree well with simulated results.     

Broad-band band-pass filter with variable center frequency and band width

This paper describes a new type of broad-band band-pass filter in which both the center frequency and band width are variable. The filter is composed of four balanced mixers, two local oscillators, an amplifier, and high-pass and low-pass filters. The center frequency and band width can be varied by changing the frequencies of two local oscillators. The center frequency is variable in the range 2–16 GHz, and the band width in the range 20–800 MHz.     

374~747 MHz数字可调谐微带滤波器

通过在微带开口谐振环加载数字可调电容,设计了一种新颖数字微带可调滤波器,同时提出了新型的非均匀开口谐振环混合耦合结构,使谐振器间耦合系数随谐振频率的降低而增大,实现恒定绝对带宽可调滤波器。接着对所提出的基于5 bit数字可调电容的数字可调微带滤波器进行了仿真和制作,测试表明,其通带中心频率可实现374~747 MHz可调,?3 dB绝对带宽在44~67 MHz之间变化,OIP3大于50 dBm。     

Low-loss and compact V-band MEMS-based analog tunable bandpass filters

This paper presents compact V-band MEMS-based analog tunable bandpass filters with improved tuning ranges and low losses. For compact size and wide tuning range, the two-pole filters are designed using the lumped-elements topology with metal-air-metal (MAM) bridge-type capacitors as tuning elements. Capacitive inter-resonator coupling has been employed to minimize the radiation loss, which is the main loss contributor at high frequencies. Two filters have been demonstrated at 50 and 65 GHz. The 65-GHz analog tunable filter showed a frequency tuning bandwidth of 10% (6.5 GHz) with low and flat insertion losses of 3.3 /spl plusmn/ 0.2 dB over the entire tuning range.     

On the use of Nauta's transconductor in low-frequency CMOS gm-C bandpass filters

This paper discusses the use of a transconductor, first proposed by Nauta for high frequency applications, in low frequency CMOS g_m -C bandpass filters. The behavior of the transconductor is examined in detail, showing that the robust implementation of higher-order low-voltage filters is possible for center frequencies in the lower megahertz region. The experimental results are presented of the realization of two prototypes, a 0.6-μm CMOS 18th-order real bandpass filter and a 0.35-μm CMOS 7th-order complex (14th-order bandpass) filter, both with a center frequency of 3 MHz and a passband of 1 MHz. These filters comply with the specifications for the channel-select stage of the Bluetooth short-range radio receiver     

New microstrip “Wiggly-Line” filters with spuriouspassband suppression

In this paper, we present a new parallel-coupled-line microstrip bandpass filter with suppressed spurious passband. Using a continuous perturbation of the width of the coupled lines following a sinusoidal law, the wave impedance is modulated so that the harmonic passband of the filter is rejected while the desired passband response is maintained virtually unaltered. This strip-width perturbation does not require the filter parameters to be recalculated and, this way, the classical design methodology for coupled-line microstrip filters can still be used. At the same time, the fabrication of the resulting filter layout does not involve more difficulties than those for typical coupled-line microstrip filters. To test this novel technique, 3rd-order Butterworth bandpass filters have been designed at 2.5 GHz, with a 10% fractional bandwidth and different values of the perturbation amplitude. It is shown that for a 47.5 % sinusoidal variation of the nominal strip width, a harmonic rejection of more than 40 dB is achieved in measurement while the passband at 2.5 GHz is almost unaltered     

A reduced-size dual-mode bandpass filter with capacitively loaded open-loop arms

A novel type of dual-mode microstrip bandpass filter using degenerate modes of a dual-mode microstrip square loop resonator with capacitively loaded open-loop arms is proposed. Such a dual-mode bandpass filter with a 0.75% bandwidth at the center frequency of 1.603 GHz is designed and fabricated to demonstrate the design of reduced-size microstrip filters. It is shown that the proposed filter has a size reduction of about 59% at the same center frequency, as compared with the dual-mode bandpass filters such as microstrip patch, cross-slotted patch, square loop and ring resonator filter.     

A Wideband ΔΣ Digital-RF Modulator for High Data Rate Transmitters

A wideband software-defined digital-RF modulator targeting Gb/s data rates is presented. The modulator consists of a 2.625-GS/s digital DeltaSigma modulator, a 5.25-GHz direct digital-RF converter, and a fourth-order auto-tuned passive LC RF bandpass filter. The architecture removes high dynamic range analog circuits from the baseband signal path, replacing them with high-speed digital circuits to take advantage of digital CMOS scaling. The integration of the digital-RF converter with an RF bandpass reconstruction filter eliminates spurious signals and noise associated with direct digital-RF conversion. An efficient passgate adder circuit lowers the power consumption of the high-speed digital processing and a quadrature digital-IF approach is employed to reduce LO feedthrough and image spurs. The digital-RF modulator is software programmable to support variable bandwidths, adaptive modulation schemes, and multi-channel operation within a frequency band. A prototype IC built in 0.13-mum CMOS demonstrates a data rate of 1.2 Gb/s using OFDM modulation in a bandwidth of 200 MHz centered at 5.25 GHz. In-band LO and image spurs are less than -59 dBc without requiring calibration. The modulator consumes 187 mW and occupies a die area of 0.72 mm².     

Wideband Bandpass Filter With Reconfigurable Bandwidth

this letter proposes a novel building block for developing tunable wideband bandpass filters. The proposed circuit block mainly consists of short circuit coupled lines and short circuit stubs with pin diodes as tuning elements. This work aims to demonstrate reconfigurable bandwidth of this type of filter. Two filters are designed and fabricated; one can be switched between a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 16.3% and 35% at a center frequency of 1.9 GHz, and the other can be switched from a FBW of 27.8% to 37.4% at a center frequency of 1.9 GHz. The insertion loss and return loss in the first filter range from 4.17 dB to 0.4 dB and 27.54 dB to 19.04 dB. The second filter exhibits an insertion loss ranging from 0.73 dB to 0.43 dB and a return loss range from 31.1 dB to 27.7 dB. The tested filters show good agreement with EM simulations.