共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
The chemical structure of heavy oil fractions obtained by liquid-solid adsorption chromatography was character-ized by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction.The molecular weight and molecular formula of asphaltene molecules were estimated by combining 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction analyses,and were also ob-tained from vapor pressure osmometry and elemental analysis.Heteroatoms,such as S,N,and O atoms,were considered in the construction of average molecular structure of heavy oils.Two important structural parameters were proposed,including the number of alkyl chain substituents to aromatic rings and the number of total rings with heteroatoms.Ultimately,the av-erage molecular structures of polycyclic aromatics,heavy resins and asphaltene molecules were constructed.The number of α-,β-,γ-,and aromatic hydrogen atoms of the constructed average molecular structures fits well with the number of hydro-gen atoms derived from the experimental spectral data. 相似文献
2.
以含氢硅油、含氟丙烯酸酯和烯丙基聚醚为原料,在卡斯特催化剂的作用下,合成了一种有机硅表面活性剂——含氟丙烯酸酯、聚醚共改性聚硅氧烷,并用红外光谱对其进行了表征。通过单因素实验确定较佳反应条件为:n(Si—H)∶n(CC)=1∶1.15,催化剂用量10μg/g,反应温度90℃,反应时间5h,在此条件下转化率可达88.5%。含氟丙烯酸酯和聚醚摩尔比为1∶5,共改性硅油水溶液质量浓度为0.6g/L时,表面张力为23.7mN/m。 相似文献
3.
A silicone oil emulsion with 60% of solid content was prepared with methyl silicone oil used as the main material by means of the emulsifier-in-oil method.The influence of emulsification conditions on the droplet diameter of silicone oil emulsion was discussed.The experimental results showed that the emulsification method,including the quantity of the emulsifier,the time and temperature of emulsification,the emulsifying water dosage,and the stirring speed,had significant impact on the droplet size.The optimal conditions were identified to achieve a smallest droplet diameter of the emulsion at an emulsifier dosage of 6%,an emulsification temperature of 70 ℃,an emulsification time of 30 min,and a stirring speed of 1100 r/min,with water added in two portions at a ratio of 1:1.The high-solid content silicone oil emulsion with a mean droplet diameter of 2.731 μm was prepared under these conditions that could ensure absence of stratification and floating oil under centrifuging at a speed of 3000 r/min for 30 min. 相似文献
4.
氟硅油的特点及性能是由其分子结构中氟原子的屏蔽效应和负电保护效应确定的。概述了氟硅油的摩擦性能和高温性能。 相似文献
5.
以四甲基环四硅氧烷、三氟丙基甲基环三硅氧烷、六甲基二硅氧烷为原料,以不同酸为催化剂,合成不同结构的含氢氟硅油。初步探讨了不同含氢氟硅油对注射成型氟硅橡胶的性能影响。结果表明,Si-H∶Si-Vi=3.5左右时,注射成型氟硅橡胶的机械性能较好;可选择不同的含氢氟硅油来控制氟硅橡胶的硬度;根据含氢氟硅油端基上的活性作用对氟硅橡胶起到很好的提高拉伸强度、扯断伸长率的同时还能提高撕裂强度。 相似文献
6.
>This study combines three-dimensional reconstruction of large volume focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) with conventional SEM observation,automatic mineral identification and characterization system (AMICS) and large-area splicing of SEM images to characterize and classify the microscopic storage space distribution patterns and 3D pore structures of shales in the second member of the Paleogene Kongdian Formation (Kong 2) in the Cangdong Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin. It is shown that: (1) The Kong 2 Member can be divided into seven types according to the distribution patterns of reservoir spaces: felsic shale with micron intergranular pores,felsic shale with intergranular fissures,felsic shale with intergranular pores,hybrid shale with intergranular pores and fissures,hybrid shale with intergranular pores,clay-bearing dolomitic shale with intergranular pores,and clay-free dolomitic shale with intergranular pores. (2) The reservoir of the intergranular fracture type has better storage capacity than that of intergranular pore type. For reservoirs with storage space of intergranular pore type,the dolomitic shale reservoir has the best storage capacity,the hybrid shale comes second,and the felsic shale is the dead last. (3) The felsic shale with intergranular fracture has the best storage capacity and percolation structure,making it the first target in shale oil exploration. (4) The large volume FIB-SEM 3D reconstruction method is able to characterize a large shale volume while maintaining relatively high spatial resolution,and has been demonstrated an effective method in characterizing the 3D storage space in strongly heterogeneous continental shales. 相似文献
7.
以甲基苯基硅氧烷环聚体、甲基三氟丙基环三硅氧烷(D 3F)、八甲基环四硅氧烷(D 4)、六甲基二硅氧烷(MM)为原料,共聚合成了含苯基、γ-三氟丙基氟硅油。测定了其基本理化性质,研究了其润滑性能及氧化安定性。合成的含苯基氟硅油闪点均大于320℃,-40℃黏度低于3000 mm 2/s,100℃黏度在10~13 mm 2/s之间,具有高闪点、良好的高低温性能。加入0.5%的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)后,磨痕直径由2.2 mm降低至0.83 mm,氧化起始点温度提高了30℃,具有良好的摩擦性能和耐高温氧化稳定性。 相似文献
8.
为了评价水、表活剂溶液和CO2与储层的相互作用对页岩油采收率的影响,分析压差和渗吸作用对吉木萨尔页岩油的提采效果,并研究渗吸介质作用顺序对采收率的影响,对井底岩心饱和储层原油,开展离心实验,重水渗吸、表活剂溶液渗吸以及CO2吞吐实验,结合核磁共振技术表征岩心孔隙中的原油量,并计算采收率。实验结果表明,渗吸作用是页岩油产出的主要动力,重水渗吸驱油采收率在30%~34%之间,表活剂溶液渗吸采收率在35%~40%之间,CO2吞吐采收率在37%~50%之间,压差驱动对吉木萨尔页岩油的采出影响较弱,离心采收率在3%以下;实验中的3种介质提采能力,由低到高为重水、表活剂溶液和CO2;按照驱油采收率高低对提采介质分级(称为梯级),介质与储层接触顺序显著影响着最终采收率,将最高梯级介质首先注入储层,使得最高提采梯级介质与储层首先接触,有利于提高页岩油井的最终采收率。在油田生产中,建议在新井压裂中,首先在压裂前置液使用最高提采梯级的介质,使得最高提采梯级的介质可以首先与储层接触,以保证最终采收率最高,而不是逐级提采;在老井中,应当使用比已入井流体更高梯级的提采介质,通过渗吸作用可以继续产出原油。 相似文献
9.
通过加温-三轴压力联合的(轴压8 MPa、围压10 MPa)渗透测试、封闭体系页岩电加热热解测试和扫描电镜分析,研究松辽盆地北部白垩系嫩江组二段富有机质低熟页岩平行层理方向原位渗透率的演变规律及特征。研究结果表明:随温度升高,样品原位渗透率呈现先升后降又升的变化规律,375℃时渗透率最低。同一温度下,样品原位渗透率随孔隙压力的增大而减小。低熟页岩原位渗透率演变可划分为5个阶段:(1)25~300℃,热破裂和黏土矿物的脱水作用改善了渗透性,但渗透率小于0.01×10 -3μm~2。(2)300~350℃,有机质热解排烃形成有机成因的矿物粒间孔和微米级孔缝,在有限范围内形成连通的孔隙网络,提高了渗透率。但液态烃内黏稠的沥青质含量高,应力约束下不易流动而滞留于孔隙内,导致渗透率增长缓慢。(3)350~375℃,有机质大量热解生烃形成孔隙,但液态烃吸附溶胀和应力约束下的附加膨胀热应力,压缩了孔裂隙空间,液态烃难以排出,造成渗透率急剧下降。(4)375~450℃,有机质生烃后不同矿物之间相互连通的孔隙-微裂隙网络系统、增加的孔隙尺寸和黏土矿物的转化作用,促使应力约束下渗透率的... 相似文献
10.
渤海南堡油田稠油冷采井采用温度低于150 ℃的多元热流体吞吐开采,吞吐开采后地层堵塞严重,甚至导致油井不出液。通过室内实验分析了地层堵塞原因,明确了注入水与地下稠油乳化后会使稠油黏度增大,乳滴(聚集体)通过孔喉的液阻效应增强导致“启动压力”提高,当乳化区驱替压力低于启动压力时地层出现堵塞;开展了掺稀降黏和活性剂辅助降黏降阻实验,按3∶1∶1的摩尔比配制了由脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羟丙基磺酸钠、十二烷基三甲基铵盐和琥珀磺酸钠组成的活性油解堵体系,加入2%该体系后的稀油与含水50%稠油按照稀稠比2∶8混合后,其黏度相较含水50%稠油(7 698 mPa·s)降低了98.5%,界面张力相较稠油-水(21.86 mN/m)降低了74.5%,同时乳化区启动压力降至1.86 MPa;通过数值模拟实验,优化了稀油注入量和活性剂质量分数,预测注入2 000 m3稀油并在1 000 m3前置稀油中加入2%活性剂可实现乳化区解堵,净增油量为4 016.5 m3。现场试验表明,解堵后油井日产油5.9 m3/d,累计增油980.7 m3,解堵增产效果明显。该技术对海上稠油冷采井解堵和增产具有指导作用。 相似文献
11.
文中通过测定不同工艺生产的柴油的润滑性和烃类组成,分析了烃类组成、添加剂、硫含量与润滑性的关系,以及各馏出口、精制半成品柴油的润滑性分布状况,为生产高润滑性的柴油提供依据. 相似文献
12.
考察了鼠李糖脂对全损耗系统用油生物降解性能及润滑性能的影响.鼠李糖脂可促进全损耗系统用油生物降解,且具有一定的抗磨减摩性能. 相似文献
13.
与矿物油相比,植物油具有良好的生物降解性,粘温性和润滑性。介绍了15种植物油的粘温性和润滑性。 相似文献
14.
介绍了影响柴油润滑性的组分,阐述了柴油润滑性差的原因和油泵磨损的机理以及提高柴油润滑性的方法。柴油中含氧、含酸极性杂环化合物是保证柴油润滑性能的关键组分,酯类是极具应用前景的抗磨润滑剂。 相似文献
15.
在四球机上考察了几种植物油脂肪酸(饱和的与不饱和的、碳链长的与碳链短的)的摩擦学性能,发现相同碳数的脂肪酸,饮和脂肪酸的润滑性要好于不饱和脂肪本以的。 相似文献
16.
利用四球摩擦试验机考察了超细二硫化钨粉末在发动机油中的摩擦学性能,并与氯化石蜡(T302)、二硫化钼进行比较,同时用X射线光电子能谱仪对磨痕表面元素进行分析,探讨二硫化钨的润滑机理。结果表明,超细二硫化钨粉末在发动机油中具有优良的抗磨减摩性能,其摩擦学性能优于T302和二硫化钼,含有1%超细二硫化钨粉末的发动机油具有最佳的润滑性能。 相似文献
17.
黏度是润滑油分级与选用的重要指标;合适的黏度是充分润滑的保证。在众多的润滑油添加剂中;降凝剂和黏度指数改进剂被认为是调节油品黏度、确保油品具有出色低温流动性和卓越黏温性能的关键。甲基丙烯酸酯类聚合物(PMA)具有灵活的结构可调变性和较强的合成工艺适应性;在降凝剂和黏度指数改进剂领域占有重要的地位。基于此;综述了PMA添加剂在改善润滑油低温流动性和黏温性能方面的作用机理;重点讨论和总结了PMA分子结构和拓扑结构对其产品性能的影响机制;展望了PMA添加剂未来的发展方向。 相似文献
18.
采用 SRV 摩擦磨损试验机研究了3种含氟硅油在聚 α 烯烃(PAO)中的摩擦和磨损性能,采用光学显微镜测量了钢球和钢盘的磨斑尺寸,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析了磨斑表面形貌和形成摩擦化学反应膜化合物的化学状态,探讨了含氟硅油的摩擦化学机理。结果表明,不同链长和不同官能团的含氟硅油具有不同的减摩和抗磨性能,其中含氟硅油 F-Si-G 有最小的摩擦系数,仅为0.097,而含氟硅油 F-Si-H 有最小的磨斑宽度,为0.444 mm。这是由于含氟硅油在摩擦副运动过程中发生化学分解,生成的含氟摩擦化学产物是改善摩擦副摩擦和磨损性能的主要原因。 相似文献
19.
The purpose of our work was to produce high quality diesel/biodiesel and to meet the biodegradability requirement by using renewable raw materials. The technological process using heterogeneous catalysts is more environmentally friendly than the conventional approach for the preparation of alkyl esters. The heterogeneous catalyst was prepared by co-precipitation and subsequent calcination and BET, XRD, FT-IR and SEM techniques were employed in order to describe the structural and morphological characteristics. The results indicated that the prepared catalysts possessed high activities and stabilities during the catalysis process. The performance of the obtained esters was evaluated by HFRR and cloud/pour point tests. Research suggested that these synthesized esters have an improved effect on the lubricating property and cold flow performance of diesel fuels. 相似文献
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