兖州矿区高硫煤赋存特征与加工利用工艺分析

兖州矿区高硫煤中的硫以无机硫为主 ,约占全硫的 62 % ,破碎后对硫铁矿硫的解离效果不好 ,适宜采用跳汰分选降硫。由于选后煤中硫分仍高于 1 % ,建议高硫煤与低硫煤配合 ,或在高硫煤中加入固硫剂 ,以满足用户对硫指标的要求。     

中国煤中硫的分布特征及成因

通过对全国26个省、市、自治区采集的290个煤样中全硫含量进行分析测试,从不同地质时期、不同变质程度、不同地区以及四大聚煤区等方面,系统分析和考查了中国煤中硫的分布状况.结果表明,我国煤主要以中、低硫煤为主,煤中硫分储量加权平均值为0.94%.高硫煤及特高硫煤来自石炭和二叠纪,其他各时期煤均属于中、低硫煤.随着煤炭变质程度的增高,硫分有增高趋势,主要是由不同的成煤时期沉积环境影响造成.各大聚煤区煤中硫分含量差别很大,自北向南有逐渐增高趋势.     

广西合山高硫煤各种形态硫的分布及其利用途径

高硫煤中各种形态硫的分布及其镶嵌特征是选择煤的脱硫工艺和合理利用的基础,采用氯化锌重液分级和岩相分析手段对合山高硫煤的各种硫的分布作了深入细致的研究,表明合山高硫煤中的有机硫占80％以上,因而很难通过洗选的方法来脱除其硫分。     

高硫无烟煤降灰脱硫可行性试验研究

重点分析了王河煤矿高硫无烟煤的煤质特征、可选性及降灰脱硫的可行性。研究表明:简单地利用现有的物理分选方法很难将该矿区高硫无烟煤精煤硫分降到1%以下,而且精煤理论产率很低;如果将精煤硫分控制在1.2%～1.3%,并采用配煤等技术,可使精煤产率达到一个相对合理的水平;可以从高硫煤洗矸中选出硫精矿,实现资源的综合利用;也可考虑发展煤化工项目。     

焦炭硫分的影响因素及预测研究

选取不同煤阶且硫分不同的24种炼焦煤作为实验用煤,研究了影响单种煤焦炭中硫分含量的因素;并设计了12种配煤方案,研究了SCO炉配合煤的硫迁移及配合性能,得到了一种新的焦炭质量控制模型。用模型预测出的焦炭硫分含量与实际测得焦炭硫分含量的误差均不高于0.04,满足国家标准。24种单种煤中的硫以有机硫为主,硫铁矿硫所占质量分数较小,硫酸盐硫所占质量分数最小。焦中的硫依然以有机硫为主。煤焦转化过程中,三种形态硫的脱除能力不同。硫酸盐硫很稳定,基本不会发生变化,硫铁矿硫脱除能力较强,而有机硫脱除能力较弱。焦炭硫分含量主要取决于煤中有机硫含量。     

中国煤中硫的分布及控制硫污染的对策

以“中国煤种资源数据库”的数据为基础，参照“煤炭硫分分级标准”，对甸煤中硫的分布情况进行了系统的研究，并结合我国现行的各种工业用煤标准，对我国煤的硫含量进行了初步的分析和评定。结果表明，我国煤以低硫煤和超低硫煤的主，中硫煤和中低硫煤次之，高硫煤和特高硫煤所占比例很小，各大区煤中硫含量的差别较大，且有自北向南逐渐增高的趋势，我国现行工业用煤标准对硫的要求较宽松，我国大部分煤均可满足要求，为降低由燃煤     

利用现有装置大比例使用高硫煤生产焦炭的实践探索

为拓宽炼焦用煤资源、降低原料成本,益兴焦化进行了利用现有生产装置大比例使用高硫煤炼焦的生产实践。将高硫煤(硫分2.4%左右)和混合煤(硫分1.0%)按各自50%混配后进行炼焦,通过小铁箱实验、保证配煤均匀性和准确性等措施,确保了所产焦炭的质量;生产高硫焦导致了煤气中H2S含量偏高,烟气中SO2含量偏高,通过分别采取相应措施,问题得以解决。益兴焦化的生产实践证明,利用现有装置,大比例使用高硫煤生产高硫焦炭技术上可行,具有一定的经济效益和社会效益。     

筛分浮沉试验对高硫煤脱硫效果的分析研究

通过对某矿区煤样进行筛分浮沉试验,了解和掌握了该矿区煤中硫分及灰分在不同粒度与不同密度级中的分布情况和规律,分析研究了筛分浮沉试验对高硫煤脱硫降灰的效果。     

高硫煤中硫的赋存形态及其可选性评价

采用XPS分析了渭北高硫煤中硫的赋存形态,考察了硫分在不同粒级、不同密度级煤中的分布特征及在筛分浮沉实验过程中的变化规律,基于此进行了煤中硫可选性评价.结果表明,较高变质程度的渭北高硫煤中有机硫主要以噻吩类杂环化合物以及亚砜型硫等形式存在于煤的有机质结构中.借助高效的物理洗选将煤样破碎至6mm～0.5mm,能较好地改善煤中硫的可选性.将煤破碎至3mm～0.5mm,理论精煤产率为88.8%,灰分为12.0%,精煤硫分为2.3%,须借助化学方法进一步脱除其中细分散的无机硫以及大量的有机硫.     

内蒙古乌达矿区高硫煤中硫的成因

在分析内蒙古乌达矿区高硫煤9、10煤层中硫的来源基础上,阐述了煤中有机硫和黄铁矿的形成机理,指出高硫煤中硫的形成可划分为同生阶段、成岩阶段(成岩阶段早期和成岩阶段晚期)和后生阶段,并详细解释了各阶段中硫的赋存特征.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。