Slopping resulting from gas injection in a peirce-smith converter: Water modeling

The formation of standing waves in a water model of a Peirce-Smith converter was studied experimentally. The occurrence of a standing wave was found to be determined by the bath depth and tuyere submergence. The results showed that it is possible to obtain regions in the bath depth and tuyere angle/tuyere submergence plots where no standing waves were found and spitting was minimal. It is considered that the wave steepness is responsible for the changes in standing wave mode found in the water model and can contribute to the splashing of liquid from the first asymmetric standing wave if the amplitude of the standing wave is large. The results showed that the lower gas flow limit of the first asymmetric standing wave can be calculated from the power per unit mass required to sustain the standing wave. An experimental value of 0.7 to 1.0 watt/kg was obtained for the power per unit mass from the potential power supplied. It was shown that the contribution of the kinetic energy of the gas flow to the power per unit mass to form a first asymmetric standing wave can be obtained as a function of the tuyere angle.     

铜转炉风机高压变频技术改造实践

本文针对铜转炉D300、D450风机系统的运行状况，分析了存在的问题及改造的必要性和迫切性，阐述了改造设计的思路、方法及节能效果。     

A kinetic model of the peirce-smith converter: Part I. Model formulation and validation

A kinetics-based mathematical model of the Peirce-Smith converter has been developed. The model considers mass transfer, heat transfer, and reactions between each of the phases present in the converter. Model validation is carried out using industrial data obtained from both copper and nickel converters. The model is generally able to predict the temperature and compositional variations of the converters to within the errors of the industrial data. However, the interactions between the white metal and slag during the copper blow are not understood sufficiently to model well.     

某含铜转炉渣回收铜浮选试验研究

某铜转炉渣中铜品位为2.78 %,铜元素主要以冰铜微珠的形式赋存于炉渣中,冰铜分布较为分散,嵌布粒度大小悬殊,不易单体解离.为了高效回收二次资源,针对该铜转炉渣的性质特点,进行了浮选试验研究.结果表明:在磨矿细度≤0.074 mm占80 %,酯-200作为捕收剂,粗选时间为9 min的条件下,采用“一粗-一精-一扫”浮选工艺,实验室闭路实验可获得铜品位和回收率分别为31.64 %和94.16 %的铜精矿.      

High-pressure injection injuries to the hand

Despite their appearance for over 20 years, high-pressure injection injuries to the hand are often grossly undertreated or mistreated, resulting in usually avoidable permanent impairment--often with amputation. Primary care physicians, and especially emergency room physicians, must be aware of the serious nature of this usually innocuous-appearing injury and immediately refer such patients for definitive emergency surgery.     

High-pressure coal injection in zinc slag fuming

Previous work has shown zinc slag fuming to be kinetically controlled by two basic processes: the rate of coal entrainment in the slag and the rate of oxidation of ferrous to ferric iron in the slag. In the present study, industrial trials and mathematical modeling analysis were undertaken to assess the efficacy of increased coal entrainment on zinc fuming rates. Various systems for increasing coal entrainment were assessed before a high-pressure, high-loading pneumatic system was selected for the tests. Three trials were conducted at the lead smelter of Cominco Ltd. in Trail, BC, under three different charge conditions. In each case, the regular low-pressure coal was cut back during high-pressure injection so that the total coal and air flow rates to the furnace were virtually unchanged. Analysis with the mathematical model showed that highpressure injection increased coal entrainment from about 25 pct, characteristic of low-pressure injection, to 65 to 90 pct. As a result, fuming rates were increased substantially, to between 70 and 90 pct, depending on the charge mix. Since the overall coal rate was unchanged, this also meant a corresponding increase in the amount of zinc fumed per unit of coal injected. These results are an important verification of the kinetics model and represent a potentially significant advance in the technology of slag reduction. This paper is based on a presentation made in the T.B. King Memorial Symposium on “Physical Chemistry in Metals Processing” presented at the Annual Meeting of The Metallurgical Society, Denver, CO, February, 1987, under the auspices of the Physical Chemistry Committee and the PTD/ISS.     

铜冶炼转炉在线造铜期终点智能判断

铜冶转炉吹炼是一个复杂的过程,具有多变量、非线性、强耦合、大惯性和不确定性,机理复杂、物料变化范围大、影响因素多,给吹炼终点预报带来了极大困难.目前国内外铜锍吹炼过程终点判断仍以人工经验判断为主,此方式不仅增加工作强度,且吹炼终点判断严重依赖经验和工作态度,易导致欠吹或过吹等现象,影响正常生产,造成铜损失,严重时甚至发...     

延长炼铜转炉寿命的实践

通过统计数据分析了影响炼铜转炉寿命的主要因素，采取了相应的解决措施，实施后转炉中修平均炉寿由112炉提高到189炉，大修周期最长的总炉次突破950炉，吨铜单耗镁砖由21kg降到3.7kg。     

延长炼铜转炉寿命的实践

通过统计数据分析了影响炼铜转炉寿命的主要因素,采取了相应的解决措施,实施后转炉中修平均炉寿由112炉提高到189炉,大修周期最长的总炉次突破950炉,吨铜单耗镁砖由21kg降到3．7kg。     

CR法处理铜转炉烟灰制取砷酸铜

提出了一种处理含砷烟灰的方法,用这种方法处理铜转炉烟灰效果良好.首先将砷一次性地彻底除去,并以较纯的形态富集,然后加工成砷酸铜,砷回收率达99%.同时,铜、铅、铋、锌及锡等有价金属得到很好地分离、回收,他们的回收率分别高达96.03%、99.41%、99.36%、90%及78.61%.     

Solubility of MgO in slag during converter injection

The solubility of MgO in slags forming during injection in large converters is calculated on the basis of the model of associated ionic solutions and the polymer model of slags. A fundamental approach to suppressing the solubility of the periclase-carbon lining by means of magnesium-bearing fluxes is formulated. The quantity of magnesium oxide required to saturate the slag is determined, and the slag conditions that are optimal in terms of the mass of magnesium additive introduced are selected. To improve the technological expediency, the use of iron-bearing magnesia fluxes is recommended.     

Physical simulation of converter steelmaking with powder injection

A water model of top and bottom blown converter with top lance powder injection and bottom tuyere powder injection was established to investigate the powder injection. The results show that the powder penetration ratio under the condition of top lance injection is greater than that under the condition of bottom tuyere powder injection. In both cases, the powder penetration ratio increases with the increase of solid/gas ratio and powder particle size. Powder uniform dispersion time with top lance powder injection is longer than that with bottom tuyere powder injection. Top lance powder injection, lance height of 258?mm, bottom blowing rate of 1·96?Nm³?h^?1 and powder particle size of 0·212–0·380?mm are suggested as the optimum powder injection operation under the experimental condition. The corresponding optimum operation for prototype is top lance powder injection with lance height of 1550?mm, powder size of 1–5?mm and bottom blowing rate of 450?Nm³?h^?1.     

Study of refractory wear in the tuyere region of a peirce-smith nickel convertor

Profiles of the composition variation with distance from the hot face were mapped out by SEM analysis of chrome-magnesite tuyere refractory bricks from a Peirce-Smith nickel converter. The presence of magnesium sulphate was confirmed by XRD, SEM and wet analysis. The work showed that periclase was highly susceptible to attack by sulphur dioxide and formed magnesium sulphate in the cooler regions of the refractory brick where the reaction was favourable. Thermal cycling caused the periclase to alternate between the sulphate and the oxide leading to increased pore formation and decreased brick strength. This combined with tuyere punching contributed to the enhanced loss of refractory at the tuyere line. The accretion layer had a high nickel ferrite content which agreed with the high oxygen potential expected at the tuyere region. An interface region between the accretion layer and the refractory showed that counterdiffusion of iron and magnesium assisted in removing periclase from the refractory. Nickel and nickel compounds were limited to the first two mm of the hot face and no infiltration was found. The chrome-spinel is more resistant to attack than the periclase. The pore structure in the refractory brick was identified as the key variable in resisting sulphate formation. An ability to close or fill the pores will reduce the possibility of sulphur dioxide diffusion into the cooler regions for magnesium sulphate formation.     

转炉处理铜浮渣的工业试验

介绍了转炉处理铜浮渣的工艺方法,铜浮渣经过配料在转炉中高温还原熔炼,产出粗铅、冰铜和渣.工业试验表明:该方法铅的直收率为95%～97%、回收率97%～98%,为铜浮渣的处理开辟了新的途径.