基于信道选择的认知无线网络路由协议

为保证认知无线网络路由的稳定性,减少信道切换次数,降低端到端时延,提出基于信道选择的路由协议。以信道可用概率和信道切换时延为信道选择标准,在确保信道可用的前提下,选择端到端时延最短的路由进行数据传输,提高路由的时延性能和数据投递率。仿真结果表明,与TDRP、PUC-JRCA协议相比,该协议在数据包传输时延、数据投递率方面有明显改善。     

适用于多跳无线网络的机会路由机制

机会路由采用路由推迟策略,该推迟的路由抉择是对传统路由方式的颠覆。基于此,提出一种适应无线信道不稳定性的机会路由机制,并在Linux操作系统上以内核加载的方式实现该机制。仿真结果表明,该机制能提高数据包的投递率,降低端到端时延,且其性能稳定,几乎不受无线信道变化的影响,更能够适应无线链路的不稳定性和不可预测性。     

一种干扰分离多路径路由协议的设计与实现

无线多媒体传感器网络在传输音频、图像、视频等媒体信息时要求更加苛刻的端到端传输性能.通常的解决办法是采用多路径传输技术,利用源节点到目的节点之间多条可用路径并发地进行数据传输.为了尽可能降低传输延时,传统的多路径协议通常选择跳数之和较小的路径,致使所建路径彼此相互靠近而通信干扰增大,最终导致传输性能降低.提出一种基于干扰分离的多路径路由协议IDMPR,在寻找多路径时,按SINR模型对路径干扰进行计算,从而保证所选路径之间不存在干扰或尽可能降低干扰.仿真实验显示IDMPR协议所选路径通信干扰较小,传输率和传输延时等性能较传统协议有一定的提高.     

Multi-Radio Multi-Channel无线传感器网络中信道分配和路由策略

针对无线传感器网络中传输时延长、传输冲突大和吞吐量低等问题,提出了一种在Multi-Radio Multi-Channel无线传感器网络中信道分配和路由策略.该策略动态地建立k元n立方体拓扑结构,使用优化的静态信道分配算法提高节点的吞吐量,使用维序寻径的路由算法减少传输冲突.该方法适用于网络节点稠密、节点相互之间通信冲突大的情况,并且在单跳和多跳的网络环境下均适用.实验结果表明,基于k元n立方体这一拓扑结构的信道分配和路由策略与传统方法相比,有效地减少了端到端时延,降低了网络冲突,减少了节点能量消耗,延长了网络寿命,提高了网络吞吐量.     

一种基于干扰感知的网络编码意识路由

针对编码机会对数据流传输相对集中的要求,而数据流集中可能会造成传输干扰增大的问题,提出一种新的考虑干扰感知的编码意识路由判据ECXWI,结合一定的路由发现、路由维护机制,形成一种新的编码意识路由算法CARWI,该算法综合考虑了编码机会以及无线传输干扰等因素。仿真证明,并与采用最短路径路由的网络编码机会路由传输机制COPE相比,CARWI在网络吞吐量、端到端时延指标上有更优的表现。     

无线Mesh网络联合信道分配和路由协议研究

设计合理的联合信道分配和路由协议对多信道无线Mesh网络的性能至关重要。在分析多网卡多信道无线Mesh网络中联合信道分配和路由协议特点和研究现状的基础上,提出了一种与按需路由协议结合的联合信道分配算法,通过选择最小干扰信道来优化信道分配;同时采用了一种适应多信道多网卡网络的路由判据方法,该方法考虑了信道干扰、接口切换以及路径跳数三个关键因素。仿真结果表明,文中所采用的协议能较为明显地提高网络吞吐量及减小分组的端到端时延。     

无线Mesh网络中VOIP的QoS性能分析

针对VoIP(Voice over IP)业务在无线Mesh网上进行传输时存在服务质量(QoS)需求难以保证、带宽利用率低的问题,介绍了VoIP的QoS影响因素,分析了端到端时延、时延抖动和丢包率等几个重要参数,并对VoIP在无线Mesh网中的传输性能进行了论述。提出了基于无线Mesh网络的QoS保证机制,可以为端到端的数据传输公平的分配带宽,并能在保证QoS下实现大规模的实时任务的多跳转发。仿真试验表明能有效降低端到端时延,有着更好的QoS性能。     

面向车载网的基于AODV优化路由协议的研究

车载网VANETs(Vehicular ad hoc networks)属于新型的通信模型,其可实现车间通信和车与基础设施通信。由于VANETs节点密度动态变化,节点的快速移动、移动模型的局限性等特点,为VANETs的数据传输提出挑战。鉴于此,提出优化的按需距离矢量AODV(Ad Hoc On demand Distance Vector)方案IAODV(Improved AODV)。在城市环境中,AODV在端到端传输时延、数据包丢失率方向性能较差。为此,IAODV采用限定源节点的路由跳数,降低AODV的端到端传输时延,同时为源节点提供备份路由,从而改善数据包丢失率。仿真结果表明,与AODV协议相比,IAODV在端到端传输时延、数据包丢失率得到有效提升。     

无线Mesh网络中一种分布式路由方案

在多射频多信道无线Mesh网络中,链路负载和节点位置的变化将导致网络性能的下降。针对此问题,在混合无线网状路由协议反应式路由基础上,设计了一种新的混合信道分配的分布式路由算法。该算法在路由建立的同时可实现以数据流为单位的最优信道分配,且能避免因单节点失效导致整个网络崩溃的危险。仿真结果表明,提出的RHCA算法较传统算法在网络吞吐量和端到端平均时延方面均有显著优势。另外,在节点移动场景下,所提出的分布式路由算法较其他方法能获得更高的吞吐量和更好的稳健性。     

基于相似性度量的无线网络数据传输信道优化

在无线网络数据传输和通信过程中,由于网间路由的损伤和通信码元之间的码间干扰,导致数据传输信道失衡,需要对无线网络数据传输信道进行抗干扰滤波和均衡设计,实现无线网络数据的高保真性传输。传统方法采用复合链路相干均衡算法进行无线网络数据传输信道优化,随着通信信道载波数量的增长,导致信道均衡稳定性不好。提出一种基于数据通信码元相似性度量的无线网络数据传输信道优化算法,通过构建无线网络系统模型和信道模型,对无线网络的数据信息进行码元相似性度量和特征提取,以此为基础采用IIR滤波算法实现对信道干扰码元的滤波和抗干扰算法改进,实现对无线网络的数据传输信道优化和均衡设计,提高数据通信码的保真性传输能力。仿真结果表明,采用该算法能有效实现无线网络数据传输信道优化构建,信道的均衡性能和抗干扰性能较好,降低了数据传输的误比特率。     

A quality based routing protocol for wireless mesh networks

Wireless mesh networks can provide low-cost solutions for extending the reach of wireless access points by using multi-hop routing over a set of stationary wireless routers. The routing protocol for these networks may need to address quality considerations to meet the requirements of the user. In this paper, we present a quality based routing protocol for wireless mesh networks that tries to maximize the probability of successful transmissions while minimizing the end-to-end delay. The proposed routing protocol uses reactive route discoveries to collect key parameters from candidate routes to estimate the probability of success and delay of data packets transmitted over them. To achieve accurate route quality assessments, a new route quality metric is proposed that uses performance models of data packet transmissions as opposed to estimating route quality from the transmission of control packets, which have different transmission characteristics. These models are developed after careful evaluations of multi-hop wireless transmissions and validated by computer simulations. Relevant parameters that can be used to assess the route quality metric using these models are explained. Extensive performance evaluations of the proposed quality based routing protocol are presented and its benefits in comparison to some other known routing protocols are discussed.     

XCHARM: A routing protocol for multi-channel wireless mesh networks

Recent experimental results have pointed out the impact of physical layer multi-path fading and co-channel interference as the key factors influencing packet delivery among mesh routers (MRs) in wireless mesh networks. In addition, in a multi-channel environment, there exists significant power spectral overlap among channels used by MRs, leading to adjacent channel interference. In this paper, a cross-layer multi-radio, multi-channel routing protocol, XCHARM, is proposed in which the key contribution is the selection of the next hop, channel and transmission rate based on fading and interference concerns. The key features of our proposed protocol are as follows: (i) Routes are chosen based on the availability of channels that support high data rates, exhibit acceptable interference levels and long term resilience to fading related losses, (ii) The path latency is analytically calculated in advance for the candidate routes, accounting for channel induced errors, link layer contention, forward error correcting (FEC) codes, and the allowed data rates over the chosen channels, (iii) The route maintenance is performed by first attempting to identify and correct the point of failure before undertaking a global recovery action. An extensive performance evaluation, spanning the network, link and physical layers, reveals the benefits of adopting our cross-layer routing solution for wireless mesh networks.     

认知无线mesh网中联合路由的分布式信道分配算法*

多信道技术通过对数据流量进行分流,能够减少链路间干扰,从而提升网络容量。首先针对认知无线mesh网络提出一种有效的联合路由的分布式信道分配策略,该信道分配策略主要宗旨是维持邻域内信道差异。仿真结果表明,新的信道分配算法相比于无线多信道网络中基于链接的信道分配算法,平均吞吐量大约提高了50%,平均时延降低了约50%。在信道约束的情况下,进一步引入了信道合并算法。仿真结果表明,执行信道合并算法后,网络平均吞吐量、时延性能得到了进一步改善。     

多信道无线Mesh网络负载均衡路由算法研究

针对无线网状网的网络容量问题,在多信道无线网状网模型的基础上,利用线性规划公式对无线网状网的路由问题进行描述,在此基础上提出了一个负载均衡的路由算法,在对业务请求的路由跳步数进行约束的前提上,通过减少网络链路上的负载,达到提高网络的吞吐量的目的。仿真结果表明,提出的算法能显著提高网络性能。     

Route Maintenance in IEEE 802.11 wireless mesh networks

In this paper, we propose a novel Route Maintenance scheme for IEEE 802.11 wireless mesh networks. Despite lack of mobility and energy constraints, reactive routing protocols such as AODV and DSR suffer from frequent route breakages in 802.11 based infrastructure wireless mesh networks. In these networks, if any intermediate node fails to successfully transmit a packet to the next hop node after a certain number of retransmissions, the link layer reports a transmission problem to the network layer. Reactive routing protocols systematically consider this as a link breakage (and therefore a route breakage). Transmission failures can be caused by a number of factors e.g. interference or noise and can be transient in nature. Frequent route breakages result in significant performance degradation. The proposed mechanism considers multiple factors to differentiate between links with transient transmission problems from those links which have permanent transmission problems and takes a coherent decision on link breakage. The proposed mechanism is implemented in AODV for single-radio single-channel mesh network and an extension is incorporated in multi-radio multi-channel scenarios. Simulation results show substantial performance improvement compared to classical AODV and local route repair schemes.     

Fuzzy Logic-Based Multicast Routing in Multiradio Multichannel Wireless Mesh Networks

The availability of bandwidth in wireless mesh networks (WMNs) introduces it as a prominent choice for implementing bandwidth sensitive services. Multicast services such as teleconferencing, push-based systems, multiplayer games, etc., can be implemented in an efficient way in such networks. Moreover, the severe performance degradations that can result from the interference generated by concurrent data transmissions and environmental noises call for the development of interference-aware routing mechanisms. This paper investigates the impact of wireless interference on network performance for multicast transmission in WMNs. We show that by taking wireless interference into consideration in the design of routing mechanisms, better resource usage can be achieved. Hence, a fuzzy logic–based approach is proposed to choose optimal routes from source to the multicast group in multichannel case. Three fuzzy variables are considered in route selection phase, which are interference, available bandwidth, and hop count. Extensive simulations are conducted aiming at verifying the high performance of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results demonstrated that our proposed algorithm outperforms Link-Controlled Multi-Rate Multi-Channel (LC-MRMC) and Channel Assignment with Multiple Factor (CAMF) algorithms in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio, and end-to-end delay.     

Joint routing, scheduling, and power control for multichannel wireless sensor networks with physical interference

Reliability and real-time requirements bring new challenges to the energy-constrained wireless sensor networks, especially to the industrial wireless sensor networks. Meanwhile, the capacity of wireless sensor networks can be substantially increased by operating on multiple nonoverlapping channels. In this context, new routing, scheduling, and power control algorithms are required to achieve reliable and real-time communications and to fully utilize the increased bandwidth in multichannel wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we develop a distributed and online algorithm that jointly solves multipath routing, link scheduling, and power control problem, which can adapt automatically to the changes in the network topology and offered load. We particularly focus on finding the resource allocation that realizes trade-off among energy consumption, end-to-end delay, and network throughput for multichannel networks with physical interference model. Our algorithm jointly considers 1) delay and energy-aware power control for optimal transmission radius and rate with physical interference model, 2) throughput efficient multipath routing based on the given optimal transmission rate between the given source-destination pairs, and 3) reliable-aware and throughput efficient multichannel maximal link scheduling for time slots and channels based on the designated paths, and the new physical interference model that is updated by the optimal transmission radius. By proving and simulation, we show that our algorithm is provably efficient compared with the optimal centralized and offline algorithm and other comparable algorithms.     

An on-demand routing protocol for improving channel use efficiency in multichannel ad hoc networks

In wireless ad hoc networks, end-to-end delivery over network is a critical concern for routing protocols. The capacity of routing protocols is constrained by the intra-flow interference introduced by adjacent nodes on the same path, and inter-flow interference generated by nodes from neighboring paths. In this paper, we develop an on-demand routing protocol M-AODV-R that solves the channel assignment, reuse and routing problem jointly. The proposed channel reuse scheme and channel assignment scheme can enhance channel reuse rate. This cross-layer design approach can significantly improve the performance of multichannel ad hoc networks over existing routing protocols. Simulation results show that the proposed routing M-AODV-R can effectively increase throughput and reduce delay, as compared to AODV protocol.     

结合混合式信道分配的无线MESH多路径路由协议

为了优化无线Mesh网络中的多接口多信道网络资源,对单接口多路径路由协议和单路径信道分配策略进行了深入的分析研究,提出了与混合式信道分配方式相结合的多路径路由协议(AODV-MP),实现了网络中多条路径的并行传输,从而提高网络的整体吞吐率。并根据多路径路由协议自身的特性,结合与邻居节点干扰相关的因素——信噪比(SNR),提出了多路径路由的路由度量判决WCETTSNR,同时将该路由度量作为负载流量分配的比例标准。利用NS2网络仿真平台对该多路径路由协议进行测试,结果显示AODV-MP在网络吞吐率上提高了45%,并在高负载情况下,较大幅度地减少了网络延时。     

无线Mesh网络中路由与信道联合分配研究

无线Mesh网络中路由器使用多射频接口并配备多信道传输能有效增加网络吞吐量及降低干扰。研究路由与信道分配问题的目的就是增加网络容量、减少延迟等。文中针对无线Mesh网络中多接口多信道的路由与信道分配问题做了统一考虑,根据路由约束、信道约束、干扰约束以及宽带约束建立了混合整数线性规划（MILP）模型,并提出了基于迭代搜索的启发式算法很好地解决了此问题。仿真结果表明该算法可以提高网络吞吐量,降低延迟。