城市空气中挥发性有机物的来源分析

系统地讨论了挥发性有机物的定义、环境危害及对人体健康的危害以及主要来源分析,重点介绍了国内外城市空气中挥发性有机物的污染现状及其来源分析。     

低浓度挥发性有机废气的吸附净化

吸附净化是处理低浓度挥发性有机废气(≤1000 mg/m3)的有效方法之一。整体式蜂窝状活性炭由于其开孔道结构,压降小,是比较理想的吸附剂。考察了甲苯浓度、空速、吸附-脱附循环次数和表面改性等对整体式蜂窝状活性炭吸附性能的影响,取得了较好的净化效果。结果表明,当吸附温度为25°C,气体空速为10000 h-1,甲苯浓度为500 mg/m3时,对甲苯的吸附率为6.5wt%,当脱附温度为250°C时,甲苯基本脱附完全。     

用高露点空气干燥小木块时挥发性有机物的释放

Emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during drying of wood particles for particleboard manufacture, or for production of refined biofuels, is a potential environmental problem. The aim of this work is to study the emissions of VOCs during drying, and the influence on the emissions by different drying parameters. The experiments have mainly been done in a batch fluidized bed dryer, but measurements have also been done in a, pilot scale, continuous fluidized bed dryer. The parameters studied are air flow rate through the bed, air temperature, air dewpoint, and bed height. Since the present trend in biofuels and particle drying is towards very high dewpoints during drying, some measurements have been made at dewpoints up to 95℃, corresponding to a water content of 3.2 kg water per kilogram dry air. The emissions have been measured in two different ways, online during drying with a flame ionization detector and through wood analyses of the terpene content in the wood particles before and after dryi     

气质联用仪在挥发性有机物定性定量分析中的应用

分析了气质联用技术概况及其在各领域应用,并以天然产物槐花为研究对象,从气质联用仪的应用角度对槐花中挥发油和脂肪酸的成分鉴定进行了定性定量分析。     

挥发性有机物的气相色谱分析研究

挥发性有机物（Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs）是强挥发性有机化学物质的总称,挥发性有机物在常温下,是一种逸散性排放的物质,对空气和环境的污染比较严重,对人体的健康也会产生极大的威胁。挥发性有机物主要来源石油化工产品、汽车尾气、化学溶剂、涂料油漆、废物处理等等,因此对挥发性有机物的污染受到越来越多的人重视。通过利用气相色谱对空气和室内进行测量、分析、研究。     

离子交换树脂在有机溶剂中的脱盐行为研究

The desalting property of ion-exchange resins in organic solvent is reported by using potassium acetate as a model compound. The experimental results show that the solvability of the solvent, stirring speed, and temperature are the factors which influence the ion-exchange rate. The increase of solvability, stirring speed and temperature will speed up the ion-exchange process.     

Modeling the Dispersion of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Environment

Indoor air pollution belongs to the factors which puts the health of the corresponding occupants at risk. Effects of ventilation and, hence, various air flow regimes as parameters contributing to reduced air pollution in indoor spaces were further studied. For this purpose, air flow and distribution of the pollutant concentration were three‐dimensionally modeled at various ventilation rates. Results indicate that an increase in input air flow rate into the room in early times directly contributes to enhanced concentration of the pollutant in the indoor space. In general, with increasing the ventilation rate and changing the fluid‐flow regime from laminar to turbulent, the average concentration of the pollutant inside the indoor space decreased significantly.     

气相色谱质谱法检测塑料包装材料中40种挥发性有机物

通过环境舱和气相色谱质谱,检测塑料包装材料中40种挥发性有机物。在（65±2）℃、（20±5）%条件下,优化释放时间和样品采集条件。结果表明：40种挥发性有机物在50～2 000 mg/L范围内具有良好的线性相关性,检出限为0.5～2.1μg/m3,回收率在86.7%～110.8%之间,精密度（RSD）小于9%。实际样品检测中检出22种挥发性有机物,其中8种有机物的检出率为100%。总挥发性有机物的含量为124.1～215.3μg/m3。     

A Model to Characterize and Predict Fugitive Emissions from Flange Joints

The new model describing the gaseous transport through graphite gaskets is based on the assumption of a flow in the transition regime through nano‐scale capillaries, using the Maxwellian wall‐slip boundary condition for rarefied gases. Together with an earlier published model describing the liquid transport in graphite gaskets, it enables the characterization of fugitive emissions of volatile organic compounds from fluid‐charged flange joints in chemical and petrochemical plants as a function of medium properties, pipe pressure, and gasket stress. Additionally, combination of the models allows predicting the emission rates of gases by experiments with liquids as the emitting fluid. Finally, recommendations are made to improve the gaskets with respect to their sealing performance towards gases.     

植物释放VOOs的研究

植物源释放的挥发性有机物（BVOCs）占到了全球挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放总量约70％,在生态系统中起着重要的作用,且与人们健康息息相关,对环境安全和人类生存健康具有重要的影响。主要综述了BVOCs中异戊二烯及单萜烯等几种重要的植物释放物,概括了它们的分类、作用、释放影响因素以及对它们的研究情况。     

炼焦过程中挥发性有机物化学反应活性的研究

利用不锈钢采样罐和全自动预浓缩/GC/MS系统,在58-Ⅱ型和JN43-80型焦炉顶测试了炼焦过程中挥发性有机物(VOCs)中各组分的浓度,结合OH自由基消耗速率分析了这些物质的反应活性。研究发现,装煤时刻产生的TVOCs浓度明显高于炼焦过程产生的;炼焦过程中(包括装煤时刻)无组织排放的VOCs反应活性各不相同。     

废水中挥发性有机物的去除

挥发性有机物（VOCs）是一类主要的污染物,其主要成分为烃类、卤代烃、氮烃、含氧烃、硫烃及低沸点的多环香烃等。本文概述了国内外对含VOCs废水的主要治理方法：微生物降解法、气提法、渗透蒸发法和吸附法。最后对VOCs废水处理提出了自己的见解。     

地表水挥发性有机物在线监测仪器与方法研究

报道了力合科技湖南股份有限公司研发的一种吹扫捕集-气相色谱仪针对地表水中挥发性有机物中8种苯系物进行自动在线分析的研究。仪器集自动进样、吹扫捕集浓缩、气相色谱分离检测功能于一体,水中有机污染物经过吹扫捕集浓缩后再进入气相色谱仪进行分离检测。该仪器实现了地表水中挥发性有机物自动在线分析,并在此基础上建立了一种地表水中8种苯系物进行同时测定的在线分析方法。实验结果在2~200μg/m L范围内线性良好,线性相关系数均大于0.999,检出限在0.14~0.39μg/m L范围内。仪器性能稳定可靠,方法的前处理简单快速,重复性较好,适用于地表水中挥发性有机物的测定。     

化工区域挥发性有机物污染控制研究

化工园区是挥发性有机物一个重要排放源,对区域空气质量产生重要影响,因此,做好化工区域挥发性有机物污染防控十分重要。根据挥发性有机物排放特点,结合上海市金山卫化工集中区环境综合整治工作,从政策法规、监测技术、环境管理、末端治理等层面,提出化工区域挥发性有机物污染控制的对策和建议。     

掺杂改性纳米TiO_2降解挥发性污染物及产物研究

本文系统研究了水热法制备的铁掺杂纳米Ti O2和氮掺杂纳米Ti O2在可见光照射下对挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)的降解能力和降解产物.铁掺杂纳米Ti O2和氮掺杂Ti O2对光的吸收边分别红移到540 nm和580 nm;在可见光下具有良好的催化活性,24 h内对挥发性有机物的降解率达20%—50%,降解后的最终产物可能主要为CO2.     

活性炭吸附挥发性有机物的影响因素研究进展

从挥发性有机物(VOCs)的基本概念出发,介绍了其主要来源、危害及其污染控制技术,并在此基础上具体地介绍了活性炭吸附法。综述了影响活性炭吸附性能的的因素如活性炭的孔结构、表面化学结构、活化技术、VOCs的入口浓度、VOCs的物化性质、多组分VOCs吸附、吸附柱填充密度等。     

Spatially-Resolved Calorimetry: Using IR Thermography to Measure Temperature and Trapped NOX Distributions on a NOX Adsorber Catalyst

Palladium catalysts supported on CeO_2, Ce_0.75Zr_0.25O₂, ZrO_2, TiO₂, Nb₂O₅, Al₂O₃ were studied on the total oxidation of butyl carbitol. Several techniques were used to characterize the samples such as diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), cyclohexane dehydrogenation and CO temperature programmed desorption (TPD). DRS and TPR results revealed the presence of bulk PdO and PdO with strong interaction with the support. The catalytic tests showed the following order for decreasing activity: Pd/Ce_0.75Zr_0.25O₂ > Pd/CeO₂ > Pd/TiO₂ > Pd/Nb₂O₅ > Pd/Al₂O₃ > Pd/ZrO₂. However, when the turnover frequency (TOF) was calculated, all the samples had similar values.     

活性炭纤维布吸附与电热脱附挥发性有机化合物研究进展(英文)

A general research program,focusing on activated carbon fiber cloths(ACFC) and felt for environmental protection was performed.The objectives were multiple:(i) a better understanding of the adsorption mechanisms of these kinds of materials;(ii) the specification and optimization of new processes using these adsorbents;(iii) the modeling of the adsorption of organic pollutants using both the usual and original approaches;(iv) applications of ACFC in industrial processes.The general question was:how can activated carbon fiber cloths and felts be used in air treatment processes for the protection of environment.In order to provide an answer,different approaches were adopted.The materials(ACFC) were characterized in terms of macro structure and internal porosity.Specific studies were performed to get the air flow pattern through the fabrics.Head loss data were generated and modeled as a function of air velocity.The performances of ACF to remove volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were approached with the adsorption isotherms and breakthrough curves in various operating conditions.Regeneration by Joule effect shows a homogenous heating of adsorber modules with rolled or pleated layers.Examples of industrial developments were presented showing an interesting technology for the removal of VOCs,such as dichloromethane,benzene,isopropyl alcohol and toluene,alone or in a complex mixture.     

典型中央空调室内挥发性有机物污染研究

采用预浓缩处理系统,质谱／色谱检测器联用的方法对广州市具有代表性的中央空调室内的挥发性有机物进行采样分析,结果表明：大多数室内空气中总挥发性有机物、苯、甲苯、二甲苯等化合物浓度在国内室内空气质量标准（GB／T18883-2002）规定的范围内,少数装修时间较短的塞内存在不同程度的枵染。     

苏码罐采样预浓缩-GC-MS分析空气中的挥发性有机物

文章应用苏码罐采样,预浓缩系统与GC-MS联用测定环境空气中39种挥发性有机物,结果表明淮安空气中以苯系物浓度较高,范围为4.80~59.68μg/m3,以甲苯和苯浓度最高;VOCs浓度范围为5.88~66.50μg/m3;空气中甲苯浓度高于苯,说明其主要来源于汽车尾气。