电流密度对电铸绒沙铜的影响

电铸属于现代首饰制作的生产工艺之一,而电流密度是影响电铸过程的主要因素,文章通过改变电铸的电流密度来研究其对绒沙铜电铸层的形貌、铸层的厚度均匀性以及上铸速度的影响。结果表明,电流密度较小时,可得到适当的细化绒沙晶粒和较为均匀的边角厚度,但增大电流密度有利于提高上铸速度,所以电铸过程应控制适当的电流密度,而当电流密度为2A·dm-2可获得较好的综合性能。     

电铸铜工艺与景观雕塑制作的相关性研究

通过正交试验研究了工艺参数对铸铜层性能的影响。结果表明:电铸铜工艺在景观雕塑制作领域有其独特优势。依据景观雕塑使用条件,在保证铸铜层硬度的前提下,确定了硫酸铜240g/L、硫酸60g/L、电流密度4A/dm~2、温度20℃为最佳的电铸铜工艺条件;在保证铸铜层拉伸强度的前提下,确定了硫酸铜220g/L、硫酸70g/L、电流密度6A/dm~2、温度20℃或30℃为最佳的电铸铜工艺条件;控制电流密度在6A/dm~2左右,铸铜层的硬度与拉伸强度良好。     

双向脉冲电铸镍的研究

阐述了脉冲电铸的机理。应用双电层及双扩散层原理,从微观角度解释了脉冲电铸相比于直流电铸,双向脉冲相比于单向脉冲、正负脉冲的优点;通过实验分析了各主要工艺参数影响电铸过程的规律。实验结果表明:双向脉冲电铸能够显著地改善铸层质量,提高电铸零件的机械性能。     

来复反射器注塑模具电铸工艺的研究

利用电铸镍工艺制造来复反射器的模具,其芯模多采用高机械强度及高耐蚀性的金属材料经过精密机械加工制成。为了降低成本,研究了以光学塑料注塑成型的来复反射器为芯模,经过一系列的前处理步骤,在低温低应力的化学镀镍溶液中制备了导电金属层,就可以在常规的电铸镍电解液中进行来复反射器模具的加工,这种工艺经进一步完善并应用于生产上必将大幅度地降低生产成本。     

电流密度对无氰镉-钛合金镀层的影响

采用金相显微镜、电化学工作站、划线法、霍尔槽实验以及比色法,通过测试镀层样品的外观,耐蚀性、结合力、镀液的分散性能以及镀层的钛含量分析了电流密度对无氰镉-钛合金镀层的影响。研究结果表明,电流密度为2 A/dm~2时镀层外观、耐蚀性、结合力等性能最佳,镀液分散能力最好,镀层钛含量最高,得到的镀层结晶细致,均匀。     

P2O5含量对铝硅酸盐玻璃离子交换性能的影响

通过对玻璃进行了离子交换实验,研究P2O5含量变化对铝硅酸盐玻璃离子交换性能的影响.利用显微硬度仪、表面应力仪、微区X射线荧光光谱仪和场发射扫描电子显微镜线扫分别表征了离子交换玻璃的硬度、表面应力、元素含量变化和离子交换深度等性能.结果表明:离子交换后玻璃表面的K+含量明显增加,Na+含量降低,玻璃表面发生了明显的离子交换.此外,随着P2O5含量的增加,离子交换后的玻璃的硬度、表面应力和离子交换层深度逐渐增加.实验结果证明P2O5的引入能有效促进铝硅酸盐玻璃离子交换.     

热处理对离子交换高碱铝硅酸盐玻璃性能的影响

将离子交换高碱铝硅酸盐玻璃在340~460℃热处理1 h,研究热处理对离子交换玻璃性能的影响。测试了热处理后玻璃的表面应力、应力层深度、强度和硬度。结果表明:随着热处理温度的升高,玻璃的表面应力及强度明显下降,应力层深度有所增加,而硬度略微下降。     

Ni-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层抗高温氧化性能的研究

通过间歇式抗高温氧化实验,建立了纯镍电铸层和N i-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层高温氧化动力学模型,分析了电铸层表面和横截面的形貌,测定了电铸层的组织结构。结果表明,N i-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层抗高温氧化性能明显优于纯镍铸层,复合电铸层表面生成的氧化膜晶粒细小且致密,并且该氧化膜较薄,产生的内应力较小,与复合电铸层的黏附性较好。     

高分散性丁苯胶乳的制备及其对水泥的改性

添加传统丁苯胶乳进行改性,大大提高了水泥的力学性能,但是改性后的水泥材料流动性能差,抗压性能损失较多。为了提高添加丁苯胶乳后水泥的流动性及降低抗压性能损失,本文对丁苯胶乳进行改性,以苯乙烯与聚丁二烯作为核层、带有苯环的对苯乙烯磺酸钠作为壳层,制备出核壳型丁苯（SSBR）胶乳。把新合成的SSBR胶乳加入水泥后,对水泥力学性能进行表征,由于SSBR胶乳中与磺酸根相连的是苯环刚性链,空间位阻效应明显,添加8% SSBR胶乳水泥浆的流变指数增大为0.898,分子链强度大,水泥石的7天抗压强度损失量为2.31%,损失不明显,同时抗折强度提高17%。对SSBR胶乳改性水泥石材料力学性能的作用机理进行探究,结果表明,SSBR胶乳填充作用明显,吸附作用较强,增大水泥浆流动性能,且胶乳粒子可以与Ca²⁺络合,形成三维网状空间立体结构,从而达到增强水泥石力学性能强度,提高水泥石韧性的目的。     

Effect of transition layer on the performance of hydroxyapatite/titanium nitride coating developed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy by magnetron sputtering

A gradient transition multilayer hydroxyapatite/titanium nitride (HA/TiN) coating was prepared on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy by magnetron sputtering. The composition, surface topography, microstructure, adhesion strength and electrochemical properties of the as-deposited coatings were characterized by SEM/EDS, AFM, XRD, FT-IR and electrochemical workstation. The experimental results showed that the single TiN coating deposited at a partial pressure of nitrogen (N₂) of 0.08?Pa had the best internal stress and tribological performance, and its volume loss was only 0.89% of that of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The introduction of the TiN transition layer greatly improved the wear resistance of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, and the adhesion strength of the HA layer to the substrate increased from 6.50?±?0.5?N to 11.70?±?1.2?N, an increase of 56%. The HA/TiN coating surface consisted of uniform hemispherical particles with dense structure and invisible defects (micro-cracks and pores). For the HA surface layer, the crystal structure and active hydroxyl (-OH) group was restored after heat treatment. Potentiodynamic polarization experiments indicated that the HA/TiN coating achieved the lowest corrosion current density and the most positive corrosion potential compared to the single TiN layer and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. In summary, it can be conclude that the gradient transition layer can well improve the mechanical properties and electrochemical behavior of the titanium alloy, and largely ensuring the stability of the surface bioactive coating.     

Quantitative analysis of the residual stress and dislocation density distributions around indentations in alumina and zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) ceramics

Alumina, 10% and 20% ZTA with 1.5 mol% yttria stabiliser were subjected to Vickers indentation testing with loads from 1 to 20 kg. Cr³⁺ fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy were applied to the indent centre and around the indentation in order to investigate the origin of the signal, the effect of indentation loads and zirconia phase transformation on the residual stress and plastic deformation in the plastic zone. The results suggested that with very strong laser scattering, the depth resolution of ZTA materials was very poor, which lead to a very significant amount of the signal being collected from the subsurface regions below the plastic zone. It was also found that zirconia phase transformation reduced the compressive residual stress in the alumina matrix within the plastic zone, except at the indentation centre, due to the tensile residual microstress generated by the zirconia phase transformation. In addition, the dislocation density on the indent surface of the ZTA samples was significantly reduced due to the restriction of crack propagation and energy absorption during the phase transformation process. At the indent centre, the zirconia phase transformation was suppressed by the high compressive stress, therefore, no significant difference between alumina and ZTA in terms of their residual stress and dislocation density were observed. Using TEM observation, it was found that the plastic zone microstructure of pure alumina is different from that of ZTA, which is consistent with the Cr³⁺ fluorescence results.     

The effect of compressive stress on the Young's modulus of unirradiated and irradiated nuclear graphites

The Young's moduli of unirradiated and high temperature (800–1000°C) irradiated graphites for HTGR were measured by the ultrasonic method in the direction of applied compressive stress during and after stressing. The Young's moduli of all the tested graphites decreased with increasing compressive stress both during and after stressing. In order to investigate the reason for the decrease in Young's modulus by applying compressive stress, the mercury pore diameter distributions of a part of the unirradiated and irradiated specimens were measured. The change in pore distribution is believed to be associated with structural changes produced by irradiation and compressive stressing. The residual strain, after removing the compressive stress, showed a good correlation with the decrease in Young's modulus caused by the compressive stress. The decrease in Young's modulus by applying compressive stress was considered to be due to the increase in the mobile dislocation density and the growth or formation of cracks. The results suggest, however, that the mechanism giving the larger contribution depends on the brand of graphite, and in anisotropic graphite it depends on the direction of applied stress and the irradiation conditions.     

水泥粉体流动行为及其与不同材质库壁粘附性研究

水泥粉体流动性与其储存、输送、给料、混合等操作密切相关.通过休止角、内摩擦角、粘聚力和无侧限抗压强度测试方法,研究了含水率对水泥粉体流动性的影响,对比了水泥粉体与砂浆、钢、涂料、防腐卷材四种壁面材料的壁摩擦角和附着力.结果表明:随着水泥粉体含水率增加,休止角、粘聚力和无侧限抗压强度增加,水泥粉体流动性变差.松散堆积水泥...     

硫酸盐电铸镍内应力的影响因素

研究了NiSO4·6H2O质量浓度、NiCl2·6H2O质量浓度、温度和阴极电流密度等工艺参数对硫酸盐电铸镍层内应力的影响。通过铜箔阴极弯曲法半定量地测定了镍铸层的内应力,采用扫描电镜和X射线衍射表征了镀层在不同应力状态下的表面形貌和微观结构。结果表明,当NiSO4·6H2O质量浓度为100～150g/L时,其变化对内应力影响较大;镀液中氯离子浓度的增加会增大镀层内应力;低温和大电流密度条件下获得的镀层具有大的拉应力,高温小电流则有利于降低镀层的拉应力。     

Diamond power transistor performance

The electrical characteristics of various diamond power device structures have been analysed using a two-dimensional numerical simulator code for semiconductor devices. The convergence of the simulator for diamond-based devices has been demonstrated and the simulation results indicate a superior power-handling capability of the diamond devices compared with equivalent silicon devices. In vertical recessed gate diamond power junction field effect transistors a very high current density and a high transconductance can be achieved. In the case of silicon and diamond devices having equivalent breakdown voltages the size of the diamond device can be reduced significantly. However, in small vertical structures the appearance of the space-charge-limited current strongly reduces the gate control of the current. In lateral diamond power metal-semiconductor field effect transistors the gate control is good even in small 1000 V devices, which also have a very low on state resistance 7 mΩ cm².     

Microstructure‐property relation in alumina ceramics during post‐annealing process after laser shock processing

Laser shock processing (LSP) is a new surface engineering approach to introduce significant compressive residual stress into ceramics to improve their mechanical properties. However, LSP of ceramics may induce microcracks, which limit the further improvement of mechanical properties of ceramics. In this research, the effect of a post‐LSP annealing process on α‐Al₂O₃ ceramics was investigated. The annealing treatment can cause thermal relaxation of compressive residual stress generated by LSP while still maintain the positive attribute of LSP. The compressive residual stress was stabilized after annealing after 10 hours at 1100‐1300°C. The healing of microcracks in α‐Al₂O₃ ceramics was observed during the post‐LSP annealing process, which is caused by diffusion bonding mechanisms and accompanied by dislocation and void formation. The combination of the stabilized compressive residual stress and microcrack healing can improve the cracking resistance of α‐Al₂O₃ ceramics to mechanical impact on the surface by 69%.     

Ge/Si异质键合界面纳米级氧化层对Ge/Si异质结光电特性调控机制

由于Ge/Si存在4.2%晶格失配,Si基外延Ge中的穿透位错密度(TDD)极高,导致器件暗电流偏大。低温Ge/Si异质键合可以通过抑制失配位错传播降低Ge薄膜中的TDD,在高质量大失配薄膜制备方面展现出巨大的潜力。然而,Ge/Si键合界面由于亲水反应形成的纳米级氧化层会对异质结性能产生影响。基于载流子基本方程,在键合界面构建载流子非局域量子隧穿模型,通过半经典近似解法研究Ge/Si异质键合界面氧化层厚度(dO)对异质结暗电流、总电流、光谱响应、带宽等性能的影响,并揭示异质结性能影响机制。研究表明:随着dO的增加,氧化层对载流子的阻挡效应增强,导致器件暗电流、总电流和光谱响应下降。由于氧化层的分压效应,dO的增加导致Ge层中电场下降,载流子速率降低,进而导致异质结高频特性变差。为确保键合Ge/Si异质结优异的光电特性,dO必须控制在0.50 nm以内。     

Solution Processed Trilayer Structure for High-Performance Perovskite Photodetector

Due to their outstanding performance, low cost, ease of fabrication, diverse photonic, and optoelectronic applications, metal halides perovskite have attracted extensive interest in photodetector applications. Currently, devices made by metal oxides, metal sulfides, and 2D materials had achieved good responsivity, but suffered from high dark current, slow response speed, small on-off ratio, and poor stability. Whole performances of these photodetectors are not satisfactory. Here, a lateral perovskite (CH₃NH₃PbBr₃)/Ethanolamine/TiO₂ (in ethanol) trilayer photodetector is designed for achieving high performance. EA treatment enhances electron extraction and reduces undesired recombination. This trilayer device shows good performances with low dark current of 1.5?×?10^?11 A, high on-off ratio of 2700, high photodetectivity of 1.51?×?10¹² Jones, high responsivity of 0.13 A W^?1, and high stability, comparative to conventional single layer devices. This work provides the way to improve the performance of metal halide perovskite photodetectors.     

Analysis of Contact and Rupture Behaviour Under Non-Constant Contact Surface Conditions

The present paper addresses the problem of contact between a rigid hemisphere and a thin elastic layer strongly bonded on a rigid plane support, which can be thought of as an adhesive obeying a geometrically non-linear behaviour due to the change of contact area. Using the asymptotic expansion method from a three-dimensional analysis of the layer, a two-dimensional model is derived, under the assumptions of large displacements and small strains. The leading term of the solution of the asymptotic development is such that the displacement field varies linearly through the layer thickness and the stress tensor is constant. A quasi-linear relation is obtained between the area of contact and the penetration of the hemisphere within the layer, and the variation with penetration of the compressive load exerted by the hemisphere is seen to give satisfactory agreement with experiments. In the last part, we present theoretical results concerning the rupture behaviour; the effect of adhesion energy between the hemisphere and the layer on the radius of curvature at the rupture point between both solids is assessed. Further, the thickness of an hypothetical interphase through which failure propagates is determined theoretically.     

镁合金化学镀中光亮剂的应用

当今的电铸成型工艺中应力是一个十分重要的决定因素,应力的力度直接决定了铸造成型的成败。力度掌握不好,导致铸造失败。针对此种情况,开展对镁合金化学镀中光亮剂的应用进行研究,为获得应力低、硬度高及光亮的合金电铸层奠定基础。