受石油污染地下水的臭氧处理技术研究

对含石油量高的地下水,可采用臭氧氧化技术。试验表明,臭氧对于苯系物及稠环化合物等污染物的去除效果明显,臭氧氧化最佳投加量为以7mg/L为宜,臭氧化接触时间以2d为宜。     

高锰酸钾和锰砂协同处理微污染水的实验研究

以微污染的黄河水为对象,研究了高锰酸钾和锰砂协同作用对其处理的机理和效率。结果表明,高锰酸钾对微污染水具有较好的处理效果与安全性。原水通过天然锰砂处理后,其COD降低了40%;加入高锰酸钾后,COD降低了80%,表明高锰酸钾对水中有机污染物具有良好的去除效果。     

臭氧氧化直接生成锰氧化物处理含铊废水

以臭氧氧化直接生成锰氧化物,采用批实验对锰氧化物吸附处理含铊(T1)废水特性进行研究.结果表明,锰氧化物对T1的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程,Elovich方程和双常数方程能够较好地描述该吸附材料对T1的吸附动力学过程.由Langmuir等温方程计算得出,在pH为10.0、臭氧体积流量3...     

臭氧的制备及在水处理中的应用

臭氧是一种强氧化剂又是一种消毒剂,在饮用水和工业水处理中都有广泛的用途.对臭氧的基本特征、制备、在饮用水和工业废水处理中的应用作了较为详细的论述,为臭氧在饮用水和工业废水处理中的应用提供了参考.     

浅谈地下水联合除铁、除锰、除砷及其原理

含铁、锰高的水带有黄色和异味,工业用水则会在产品上形成黄斑,影响质量,必须严格控制铁、锰在水中的含量。砷是人体非必须元素,单质砷的毒性较低而砷的化合物均有剧毒,减少人体对砷的摄入量非常重要。文章对地下水联合除铁、除锰、除砷及其原理进行探讨。     

水处理用天然锰砂的再生

对滤除水中 Mn2 后已钝化的天然锰砂的再生处理进行研究 ,从中找出了比较适宜的再生条件和再生方法。实验结果表明 ,钝化后的锰砂经复合再生处理 ,再生率达 1 0 0 %以上 ,再生处理操作简单 ,药费低廉 ,滤水水质达国家饮用水标准。     

Postharvest Ozone Treatment of Cucumber as a Method for Prolonging the Suitability of the Fruit for Processing

Ground cucumber, as a nutrient, is a product highly valued by consumers in both fresh and processed form. The aim of the research was to develop a technology for extending the shelf life of ground cucumbers stored at room temperature before further processing. For this purpose, ozone treatment was utilized and the changes in the mesocarp and the peel puncture strength of the ozonated and the control cucumbers during storage were measured. Ozonation extended the shelf life of ground cucumber fruit making them useful for longer time for further processing.     

臭氧氧化技术在水处理中的应用

臭氧具有较强的氧化能力,在水中反应速度快、无污染。文章介绍了臭氧的性质,臭氧氧化在水处理中的反应机理,以及臭氧氧化及臭氧联合技术在工业污水、废水、工业循环冷却水、饮用水、回用水、再生水等水处理中的应用情况和建议。并概述了国内外臭氧技术开发应用和发展趋势。     

Ozone Decomposition over Alumina-Supported Copper,Manganese and Copper-Manganese Catalysts

Samples of three series alumina supported catalysts of copper, manganese and copper-manganese oxides are investigated with respect to ozone decomposition at low temperatures. The catalysts are found to be active in the reaction studied and the most active are mixed copper-manganese catalysts—they do not change their activity for prolonged time. The reason for the enhanced activity is suggested to be the presence of copper and manganese in various oxidation states.     

Application of Response Surface Methodology for Coffee Effluent Treatment by Ozone and Combined Ozone/UV

This paper reports a study using ozone (O₃) and combined ozone/ultraviolet (O₃/UV) processes for color removal and caffeine degradation from synthetic coffee wastewater using a second-order response surface methodology (RSM) with a three-level central composite face-centered (CCF) design. The effects of O₃ concentration, initial pH, and reaction time were examined for both processes. The reaction time and pH were statistically significant for caffeine degradation and color removal. In the ozonation process, higher caffeine degradation and color removal were observed in alkaline pH, indicating that ozone attacks indirectly, consequently generating hydroxyl radicals. Regarding the ozone/UV process, it was observed that lower caffeine degradation and color removal occurred at neutral pH, indicating an adverse effect due to lower ozone dissolution and consequently the production of a smaller amount of free hydroxyl radicals. The achieved results showed that the techniques were efficient for color removal (85% and 99%, respectively) and caffeine degradation (88% and 98%, respectively).     

臭氧催化氧化法处理煤化工废水研究

为解决臭氧氧化处理煤化工废水现阶段所存在的臭氧利用率不高,并进一步处理煤化工废水中的难降解有机物.论文采用臭氧催化氧化法对煤化工调节池废水进行深度处理,研究了温度、pH、臭氧投加量、反应时间、催化剂投加量等因素对COD和色度去除效率的影响.通过单因素实验分析,得到其最佳工况条件为臭氧投加量为4g/h,废水pH=9,水温...     

Application and Misapplication of Ozone for the Control of Odors at Sewage Treatment Plants and Pumping Stations

Ozone has been applied to control odors in ventilating air at sewage treatment plants for about fifty years. Papers describing many presumably successful such applications can be found in the literature. Very little has been written about failures in these and other ozone-odor applications. This paper examines some failures. It reviews the rather dismal experience of The Ocean County Utilities Authority with ozone for odor control at three sewage treatment plants and 34 pumping stations. It provides information on the total costs for such systems. And finally it examines the parameters necessary to control odors with ozone, speculates on the actual mechanisms involved and presents some recommendations on how best to apply ozone to odor problems.     

Higher Oxidation State Responsible for Ozone Decomposition at Room Temperature over Manganese and Cobalt Oxides: Effect of Calcination Temperature

The heterogeneous catalytic decomposition of ozone was investigated over unsupported manganese and cobalt oxide at room temperature. All catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption–desorption (Brunauer–Emmet–Teller method), H₂-temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The catalytic activity test indicated that these oxides had a good activity on ozone conversion meanwhile the catalysts remained highly active over time under reaction conditions. The treated temperature of the catalyst had a significant impact on the performance of ozone abatement and the samples treated at lower temperature showed higher activity. The surface area decreased obviously when developing the calcination temperature and H₂-TPR results demonstrated that much higher oxidation state of metal ions and active oxygen species were maintained on the surface under low treated temperature. XPS analysis showed that there were higher oxidation states of metal ions (Mn⁴⁺ and Co³⁺) and adsorbed oxygen species on the surface of catalysts treated at lower temperature, both of which play a significant role in ozone decomposition. However, the activity of manganese oxide was higher than that of cobalt oxide and the possible reason for this phenomenon was discussed.     

Removal of Residual Dissolved Ozone with Manganese Dioxide for Process Control with UV254

Ozonation is one of the most promising options to remove organic micropollutants (OMP) from wastewater treatment plant effluents. For an economic operation and in order to avoid formation of bromate, the ozone dose has to be adjusted in real-time due to the strongly varying effluent quality. The reduction of UV absorption at 254 nm (?UV₂₅₄) is a useful surrogate parameter for OMP removals. Unfortunately dissolved ozone also absorbs UV at 254 nm and therefore might disturb a ?UV₂₅₄-based process control. A fixed bed of manganese dioxide granules was found to efficiently remove residual ozone.     

Application of Ozone in Textile Wastewater Treatment

Textile wastewaters are known to be highly resistant to biodegradation under both natural and wastewater treatment plant conditions. However, ozonation can be used to increase the biodegradability of the biologically resistant compounds. The combined method of ozonation and subsequent biodegradation of both synthetic and real textile wastes was explored in laboratory-scale studies. Two kinds of industrial wastes were simulated for effluents from dyehouse and washing machines. Upon determining the ozonation conditions of synthetic wastes, the real industrial wastes were investigated. The real textile wastewater was taken from textile factories, located in ód? , Poland, from subsequent stages of textile processing; dyeing, washing, rinsing and from an equalizer tank. Ozonation was carried out in a lab-scale bubble column sparged reactor, while the biological degradation proceeded in a trickle bed biofilter.     

臭氧氧化法在干法腈纶废水处理中的应用研究

将臭氧氧化法应用于干法腈纶废水中,通过实验考察了回流量、进气量以及针阀开度等对废水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,当针阀完全打开,进气量为2 L/min,回流量为500 L/h时,处理效果最好,CODCr去除率可以达到28.5%,废水的可生化性也有所改善。对预处理和后处理两种方式对比研究表明,臭氧与H2O2联用后处理干法腈纶废水的效果明显好于预处理效果,也明显好于单独臭氧作用的处理效果,反应60 min后,CODCr可去除70.3%,CODCr降至80.59 mg/L。因此,臭氧氧化法尤其是臭氧与H2O2联用适合作为干法腈纶废水的后处理措施。     

陶粒滤料应用于处理阳宗海含砷泉涌水的研究

利用陶粒滤料吸附去除含砷泉涌水中的砷,静态实验考察了焙烧温度、陶粒粉投加量、吸附平衡时间、pH对总砷去除率的影响,结果表明：最佳焙烧温度700℃,陶粒粉投加量5g,吸附平衡时间90min,pH值为6．5时,总砷去除率可达到63．6％;动态实验中用陶粒滤料过滤装置深度处理静态实验后水样中残余总砷,当滤料厚度为60cm时对总砷的去除率达到38．6％。因此用陶粒滤料处理含砷泉涌水经济技术可行。     

The Ozone Laundry Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for the Proper Application of Ozone in the Commercial Laundry Industry

Applications of ozone in commercial laundry systems began in the late 1980s–early 1990s. Early installations showed promise for ozone to save considerable energy over conventional (thermal) systems. However, inconsistent performances of ozone equipment of that period coupled with a lack of in-depth understanding of how ozone was performing hindered commercial acceptance of ozone. With continued study and testing, these early misunderstandings about ozone have been overcome, and today many thousands of commercial laundry systems are using ozone successfully in many parts of the world. For example, more than 2,000 ozone laundry systems are operating in commercial laundry systems in the USA and another 2,000 commercial ozone laundry systems in the United Kingdom alone! Based on proven performance data obtained from many of these successful applications of ozone in commercial laundry systems, the authors have developed an Ozone Laundry Handbook, intended to be a summation of current knowledge and a guide to the laundry owner/operator considering the use of ozone. The Handbook contains 10 chapters, including discussions of the economic, environmental and microbiological benefits of ozone in commercial laundries, a discussion of ozone technologies as they apply to laundry systems, a comparison of traditional vs ozone laundry formulations, methods of applying ozone for laundering, operator training and ozone safety, a discussion on facts and fallacies about ozone for laundering, and finally a chapter on the future of ozone for laundering. The Handbook also contains a Glossary of Ozone Terms, Indices, and an Index.     

Optimizing an Intermediate Ozone System Used for Primary Disinfection at a 55 MGD Surface Water Treatment Plant

The Henrico County VA Water Treatment Facility has been in operation since April 2004, making use of intermediate ozone for primary disinfection to take advantage of both the disinfection and DBP benefits. Since the summer of 2007 the staff at the Henrico WTF has embarked on an optimizing journey with their ozone system. This paper overviews the significant milestones accomplished on this journey as well as ongoing improvements. Optimizing efforts to reduce operating costs while achieving disinfection goals included: Staff training workshops; Automating ozone data collection and access; Operating system at optimum ozone concentration; Selecting optimum contactor sampling locations and number of contactors; Overcoming minimum gas flow limitations; Solenoid contactor sampling system issues and improvements; Disinfection calculation constraints; Excessive buildup of liquid oxygen (LOX) tank pressure. Each of these items is discussed following an overview of this 55 MGD surface water treatment facility.     

Changes in Ozone Demand of Water During the Treatment Process

The protocol for the measurement of ozone demand of water and the change in the dissolved ozone residual with time, using the Gas Ozone Test (GOT) was applied in monitoring water quality of two water treatment facilities. The change in the ozone concentration of water as a function of time was measured for each sample. The resulting half-time was correlated with the ozone dosage, although this parameter does not appear to be directly linked to the characteristics of the water samples studied. The change in the ozone concentration of water as a function of time and ozone dose, measured by the GOT, has direct applications in the sizing of ozonation reactors.