A study of two refractories as mould materials for investment casting TiAl based alloys

Interfacial reactions between Ti-46Al (at.%) casting and ceramic shell mould made of ZrO₂ and Al₂O₃ were studied using a range of techniques. On the surface of the TiAl casting, a reaction layer as thick as 230 μm was found in the case of the zirconia mould, whereas there was no visible reaction layer for the alumina mould. Electron probe microanalysis indicated that elements of the two kinds of shell moulds diffused into the alloy melt during casting but to different extents. Metallographic analysis, microhardness measurements and composition analysis showed that alumina was stable and suitable for use as shell moulds when casting TiAl based alloys.     

定向凝固钛铝合金熔体与铸型界面反应研究展望

钛铝合金是性能优异的高温合金,在航空航天领域有广泛的应用前景,但由于其熔体具有较高的活性,制备时熔体与所有已知的铸型材料会发生不同程度的反应,限制了钛铝合金铸件的发展.定向凝固技术作为制备高精度钛铝合金的新工艺,使铸件组织定向排列,可以进一步提高钛铝合金的使用性能,因此如何调控凝固过程中钛铝合金熔体与铸型材料间的界面反应成为目前有关定向凝固钛铝合金研究的一个热点.从目前国内外关于钛铝合金熔体与铸型材料间界面反应的研究出发,综述了定向凝固过程中铸型材料、涂层成分、工艺参数及合金元素等对界面反应的影响,介绍了界面反应的理论水平,系统收集了界面反应的各项研究结果.     

多孔NiTi形状记忆合金研究进展

评述了近10年来国内外在多孔NiTi形状记忆合金研究和应用方面的最新进展,主要内容包括:(1)近年来多孔镍钛(NiTi)形状记忆合金的发展、微观结构特点、力学性能和功能性;(2)当前制备多孔NiTi形状记忆合金的主要方法以及优缺点;(3)多孔NiTi形状记忆合金的相变和超弹性行为,以及与致密合金的比较.最后,简要介绍了多孔NiTi形状记忆合金在生物医学领域作为人体硬组织植入和修复材料,以及智能结构和阻尼器件等方面的研究和应用前景,探讨了今后多孔NiTi形状记忆合金的研究重点.     

钛合金熔体活度计算及合金与铸型的界面反应

在深入分析Miedema合金生成热模型的基础之上,运用化学反应和溶液热力学理论对钛熔体中溶质元素的活度系数进行了理论计算,进而评述了钛合金熔体的化学活性变化程度,通过对Ti6A14V合金和Ti15V3Cr3Sn3Al合金与所选择的耐火氧化物类铸材料的实验研究结果分析,可以认为添加合金元素以后钛熔体的化学活泼性并没有发生实质性的改变,由于熔体仍然具有相当高的化学活性,导致合金与铸型之间的界面反应是严重的,计算与实验结果吻合,同时所进行的理论分析和实验研究对于铸用高稳定性铸型材料的选择,铸优质的钛合金铸件具有一定的理论和实际指导作用。     

充型凝固过程数值模拟在铜型铸件中的应用

考虑到大部分铸件充型过程均处于湍流状态 ,将工程湍流模式用于液态金属的流动和传热计算 ,并与层流计算结果、基准试验以及铜型压缩机灰铁铸件试验结果进行了对比 ,分析了计算结果之间产生差异的主要原因 .简要介绍了相应的数值算法以及在流体自由表面处理方法上与传统方法的不同之处 ,对铸件充型之后的凝固过程也进行了模拟计算且与现场试验作了对比 .     

显微组织应变率对全片层TiAl合金室温塑性的影响

采用了特殊的热处理工艺,分别获得了不同晶粒度和不同片层厚度的显微组织的全片层TiAl合金,并在不同的应变速率下,对这些合金进行了室温单向拉伸实验.结果表明:在一定的应变速率下,晶粒度的降低和片层厚度的增加都会导致全片层TiAl合金室温塑性的增加.在确定的显微组织下,应变率的降低,会导致全片层TiAl合金室温塑性的增加.而当应变率较低、晶粒较大、片层较厚时,试样中容易萌生微裂纹.微裂纹多数在软取向的晶粒中出现.具有小晶粒、厚片层显微组织的全片层TiAl合金在较低的应变速率下将会具有较好的塑性.     

3D打印陶瓷铸型研究与应用进展EI北大核心CSCD

陶瓷铸型是一类应用于熔模精密铸造领域、用于成型铸件内外部结构的复杂部件。随着铸件复杂度的提升,需要更加精细、复杂的铸型来满足铸造需求,然而传统的陶瓷铸型成型手段如注射成型等存在成本高、研发周期长等问题,难以满足复杂精细结构的成型要求。3D打印技术作为一种快速成型手段能够精准成型复杂精细结构,将其应用于铸型生产,不仅能够解决复杂结构的成型问题,同时也能降低生产成本、缩短生产周期。本文主要阐述了3D打印技术在陶瓷铸型生产中的应用,从应用于铸型3D打印陶瓷材料的种类及特性、典型铸型3D打印技术及铸型打印后处理手段三个方面对3D打印技术陶瓷铸型的研究与应用进行介绍,并对该技术未来的发展进行展望,指出3D打印技术能够有效解决复杂陶瓷铸型的成型问题,从而满足复杂空心结构金属件的铸造需求。     

钛合金精密铸造陶瓷型壳性能的研究

获得高质量精密铸造钛合金铸件的关键是制备出高质量的陶瓷型壳 .本文对Y/Y、ZY/ZY和TJ/ZC等三种面层材料的性能进行了研究 ,主要包括TG/DTA测试、型壳强度测试以及热膨胀性能测试 .实验表明 ,TJ/ZC材料是钛合金精密铸造理想的面层材料 .     

铸造钛合金及其熔炼技术的发展现状

钛合金具有密度低、高温性能好、耐腐蚀性能好等优点,逐渐成为一种优异的航空航天结构材料.综述了钛合金的成形特点和发展现状,以及钛合金熔炼技术的发展现状.     

轻质高温结构材料--γ-TiAl基合金的研究动向

γ-TiAl基合金被认为是非常有前途的新型轻质高温结构材料,在航空航天、汽车等领域具有广阔的应用前景.简要介绍了γ-TiAl基合金的研究概况,并从高铌合金化、复合化、纳米化等方面着重阐述了其今后的发展趋势.     

Recent research and development in titanium alloys for biomedical applications and healthcare goods

Nb, Ta and Zr are the favorable non-toxic alloying elements for titanium alloys for biomedical applications. Low rigidity titanium alloys composed of non-toxic elements are getting much attention. The advantage of low rigidity titanium alloyfor the healing of bone fracture and the remodeling of bone is successfully proved by fracture model made in tibia of rabbit. Ni-free super elastic and shape memory titanium alloys for biomedical applications are energetically developed. Titanium alloys for not only implants, but also dental products like crowns, dentures, etc. are also getting much attention in dentistry. Development of investment materials suitable for titanium alloys with high melting point is desired in dental precision castings. Bioactive surface modifications of titanium alloys for biomedical applications are very important for achieving further developed biocompatibility. Low cost titanium alloys for healthcare goods, like general wheel chairs, etc.has been recently proposed.     

Evaluation of the reactivity of titanium with mould materials during casting

A methodology for evaluating the reactivity of titanium with mould materials during casting has been developed. Microhardness profiles and analysis of oxygen contamination have provided an index for evaluation of the reactivity of titanium. Microhardness profile delineates two distinct regions, one of which is characterised by a low value of hardness which is invariant with distance. The reaction products are uniformly distributed in the metal in this region. The second is characterised by a sharp decrease in microhardness with distance from the metal-mould interface. It represents a diffusion zone for solutes that dissolve into titanium from the mould. The qualitative profiles for contaminants determined by scanning electron probe microanalyser and secondary ion mass spectroscopy in the as-cast titanium were found to be similar to that of microhardness, implying that microhardness can be considered as an index of the contamination resulting from metal-mould reaction.     

Surface Reaction of TiAl with Water Vapor and Oxygen

The interaction of water vapor and oxygen with TiAI-based alloy has been studied with Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicate that both surface reactions initiate at a very short exposure (about 6×10-7 Pa·s) and the oxides Al2O3 and TiO2 form in the surface reactions. In the oxidizing reaction, the water vapor reacts firstly with Al, and then reacts with Ti after certain exposure. The surface reaction of Al with water vapor may be responsible for the environmental embrittlement at room temperature in TiAI-based alloy.     

Recent development of TiNi-based shape memory alloys

Recent developments in China on TiNi-based shape memory alloys (SMAs), including TiNi binary SMAs, TiNiNb wide hysteresis SMAs, TiNiCu narrow hysteresis SMAs, TiNiHf high temperature SMAs and TiNiRE SMAs were concisely reviewed. The damping characteristics and corresponding mechanisms of TiNi and TiNiNb alloys were described and discussed. Some surface modifications of TiNi binary alloys were employed to improve the corrosion resistance and the biocompatibility, which are very useful for the medical applications. Shape memory effect and mechanical properties of TiNiHf alloys were enhanced by aging Ni-rich TiNiHf alloys, while the Ms still remain enough high. The authors found that the addition of RE to TiNi alloys increases the phase transformation temperatures and even changes the transformation sequence. Fundamental research on the TiNi-based alloys is still in the ascendant, leading to increasingly extending of the applications.     

铜基引线框架材料的研究与发展

引线框架材料是半导体元器件和集成电路封装的主要材料之一，其主要功能为电路连接、散热、机械支撑等。随着IC向高密度、小型化、大功率、低成本方向发展，集成电路I/O数目增多、引脚间距减小，对引线框架材料提出了高强度、高导电、高导热等多方面性能上的要求。由于拥有良好的导电导热性能，铜合金已成为主要的引线框架材料。本文对电子封装铜合金引线框架材料的性能要求、国内外研究与发展等进行了综述。     

TiAl金属间化合物研究现状及发展趋势

论述了ＴｉＡｌ金属间化合物在显微结构、蠕变、抗氧化等方面的研究成果及发展趋势。     

Mg-Cu密度梯度材料的流延法制备

当密度分布指数p=2时, 根据密度分布函数设计的材料密度和厚度要求, 叠层不同组分不同厚度流延膜烧结制备了Mg-Cu密度梯度材料。通过XRD、光学显微镜、SEM、超声波扫描显微镜等对材料显微结构、不同层间结合及平整性、密度进行了表征。结果表明: 所制备的Mg-Cu密度梯度材料整体致密, 中间层的平整性和平行度较好, 结合紧密, 不存在明显的界面扩散, 密度和厚度方向的分布满足密度分布函数(p=2)要求。     

近几年新型钛合金的研究进展

主要介绍了进入21世纪以来国内外在新型钛合金研究领域的新发展,按照合金性能、用途、工艺等方法分3个大方面重点阐述了新型钛合金的发展特点,提出了今后各分支领域可能发展的方向.不包括含钛的金属间化合物及钛基复合材料的研发情况.     

The fracture behaviour of intermetallic TiAl alloys with and without warm pre-stressing

The fracture behaviour of near- (NG) and fully lamellar (DFL) intermetallic TiAl alloys with and without warm pre-stressing (WPS) is investigated by testing three point bending specimens with fatigue pre-cracks at room temperature and at 700 °C. Detailed fractographic observations and FEM calculations are carried out to find the critical step of cleavage fracture. The results show that the cleavage fracture is induced by direct propagation of the pre-crack and that the stress at the crack tip is the decisive controlling factor. The WPS process improves the fracture initiation toughness of both the NG and the DFL microstructure, but deteriorates slightly the increase of the K-resistance curves, especially for the DFL microstructure. The compressive residual stress induced by WPS plays the main role in improving the fracture initiation toughness.