“质的研究方法”文献综述

“质的研究方法”具有广泛的理论基础,与量的研究方法交相辉映,又与通常使用的定性研究方法有着一定程度的联系,因此不同学者对其有不同看法。对2000～2008年中文学术期刊在这方面的相关研究进行综述,了解其发展现状,有助于探析它在教育领域内的发展趋势。     

Comparative housing and welfare: Theorising the relationship

Housing accounts for a high proportion of the capital investment component of welfare, and is the largest single item in household budgets. It also plays a major part in defining life styles and structuring the urban environment. It is argued that in the light of this, housing must cease to be treated as the poor relative of the four pillars of welfare and the vital role it plays must be recognised, especially in terms of synergy with other dimensions of welfare – notably pensions – that sets limits to the way welfare states are organised. Differences in how housing is organised between countries therefore need to be given much closer and more theoretically informed attention by welfare researchers than has been the case hitherto. In this article a first step is made toward this end.     

Housing and the New Welfare State: Wobbly Pillar or Cornerstone?

This paper is concerned with the question of how to depict the housing-welfare state relationship, with special reference to the present period. It begins with a discussion of how housing can be seen as both the wobbly pillar under the welfare state and a cornerstone. The paper then examines two different perspectives, variously giving explanatory weight to economic and cultural factors. The first, derived from the work of Michael Harloe, provides an explanation of the tendency of social housing to move towards a residual role, but has nothing to say about the growing significance of housing markets and housing wealth in relation to the contemporary welfare state. The second, originated by Jim Kemeny, is based on international correlations of homeownership rates and levels of welfare state expenditure. It is argued that this approach has limited, and diminishing, relevance in the context of the early 21st century. The paper suggests that in the present period housing, especially the housing wealth of owner occupiers, provides governments with the opportunity to pursue welfare restructuring. This idea is explored by reference to evidence from Great Britain, a country with a high level of homeownership and an active programme of public service reform.     

福利依赖、国企所有权与火灾的关系

既有的关于我国火灾发生的社会原因研究多限于经济发展、教育水平等社会经济因素.笔者则进一步研究了制度性因素对火灾的影响.通过对省级行政区2000-2006年的数据分析,发现在控制了城市化和经济发展水平变量后,福利依赖、国企产值比重这两个在经济转型中起着重要作用的制度性变量,与火灾发生呈显著正相关.在我国,火灾主要是一个城市现象,而城市的贫困、国有企业管理不善是火灾易发的重要原因之一.     

定性研究与定量研究之比较及对高教科研的启示

定性研究与定量研究是教育科学研究方法中的两大主要范式,两者既存在较大差别,也互相联系,互为补充。定性研究与定量研究在历史中的地位不同,理论基础不同,研究目的不同,研究中的各个层面也不同。在对两者进行比较的基础上,分析了两者相结合对高等教育科学研究的启示。     

Evaluating Community Safety Programmes and Community Engagement: The Role of Qualitative Methods and Collaborative Approaches to Policy Research

This article explores the role of qualitative and collaborative methods when undertaking evaluation research into local community safety partnerships and neighbourhood strategies. It draws on recent examples of research and evaluation studies of regeneration and community safety programmes in a number of cities and towns in England. The discussion is set against the background of the major changes in policy relating to crime and community safety, particularly the introduction of Crime and Disorder Partnerships and their engagement with local communities. The value of qualitative methods in exploring some key questions is discussed, particularly within a collaborative approach to policy research.     

Home-Leaving and its Structural Determinants in Western and Eastern Europe: An Exploratory Study

This paper focuses on the occurrence of home-leaving and its key structural determinants across the enlarged EU. By building on the literature for Western Europe and by cluster analysis of the data for 24 member states, it seeks to explore different constellations of structural factors, manifested in the grouping of similar countries, and possibly resulting in diverse, regionally specific incidences of home-leaving by youths under 35 years of age. The exploratory analysis noted three clusters of countries: the north-western, characterised by the earliest home-leaving and best opportunity structures for independent housing; the south-western cluster, marked by the latest leaving of the parental home and only somewhat less favourable opportunities, but highest family support; the north-eastern cluster, characterised by late, yet not extremely late, home-leaving, combined with outstandingly unfavourable opportunities and strikingly low family support. These differences, partly confirmed as statistically significant, are further discussed and related to welfare regime typologies and their usefulness.     

The Potentials and Pitfalls of ‘Art in Research’ Methodologies: Foregrounding Memory and Emotion in Planning Research

ABSTRACT

The article draws on a two-month project with forty-four high school students in Reston, Virginia to suggest that ‘art in research’ methodologies might be useful to shift away from the problematic histories of planning as solely a technical endeavor based in masculinist conceptions of legitimate research. I propose that we can radically reimagine planning research and practice as an emancipatory endeavor for its participants, suggesting that the iterative and longer art-making process may usefully complement traditional qualitative planning research, specifically helping to uncover relevant memories and emotions of participants.     

The Next Blueprint for Housing Policy in England

This review outlines the changes to housing policy in England introduced or proposed by the UK coalition government elected in 2010. These changes form part of a longer term project to modernise housing policy, and are at the same time a response to an economic and public expenditure crisis. It is argued that these emerging proposals raise important questions for housing policy analysis and research—questions about the interpretation of earlier policy and practice, and about the factors likely to affect future policy outcomes and patterns of segregation.     

我国青少年学业不良问题研究综述

通过对我国学业不良问题的研究进展进行梳理,对我国儿童青少年学业不良问题的成因的归纳来展开,希望可以为学界提供一些可资借鉴之处。     

城市公共设施公平评价：物理可达性与时空可达性测度方法的比较

弄清可达性测度方法对公共设施公平研究具有重要意义。本文系统地比较了物理可达性与时空可达性两大类测度方法,前者是基于地方的、考察设施与个体日常生活位置之间的物质空间邻近度方法,受距离、交通方式或设施数量、质量影响,主要用于1970-1990年代的空间公平研究。后者是基于人的、考察个体使用设施机会的大小,受时间、空间、机动能力、偏好（NUM、NUMD、DUR）及设施质量（BAGG）等影响,主要用于21世纪以来偏重个体差异的社会公平研究。不同测度方法对公平问题的解释内容和机制不同,NUM、DUR、BAGG更适于质量异质的设施（如公园、学校、医院等）,而NUMD适于质量均质的设施（如办公部门、消防站、邮局等）。最后以基本可迭性方法为基础,介绍4种典型的综合公平分析模型在公共设施公平研究中的应用。     

从研究风景园林“怎么教”转向“怎么学”——兼谈风景园林大学生的入学适应

在风景园林教育研究领域,从研究"怎么教"到研究"怎么学"是一次研究视角的转换。本文倡导在风景园林教育中引入质性研究的方法。根据建构主义学习理论,风景园林大学生应努力做到三点:一是优化自身学习环境,促进其建构知识和能力;二是组建学习共同体,促进知识和能力的社会协商;三是参与实践,进行意义的建构。风景园林专业大学新生的"形象思维、艺术审美"有较大差别,部分新生出现专业学习不适应的情况,有"挫败感"和"迷茫"等本土概念。其原因在于"不知道为什么要学这些东西""好坏没有标准"和"形象思维的欠缺"等。     

设计创作类课程在线学习情绪模型建构和教学优化策略

随着互联网信息技术的发展,在线教学成为当前教育的重要方式。在线教育应重视在线学习者身心发展规律,在线学习中产生的情绪影响学习的效果。把设计创作类课程的在线学习者作为研究对象,目的在于探索学习过程中学习者情绪的影响因素和相应学习情况。采用质性研究的方法,初期按照计划引出的问题方向获取访谈资料,然后对访谈资料进行第一层次编码和第二层次编码。发现了在线学习设计创作类课程的四类影响因素,分别是学习环境、个人特征、课程任务和教学方法,并且探索了学习情绪和学习效果的关联关系,并以此构建模型。该模型阐释了设计创作类课程在线学习者的情绪影响因素、产生过程和结果,对优化在线教学策略有一定启示作用和参考价值。     

Computer-aided qualitative data analysis: panacea or paradox?

Following the methodological debate within the construction management research community in the 1990s, research studies adopting inductive methodologies have increased. Many such projects have adopted computer-aided qualitative data analysis in order both to facilitate the research process and to ensure methodological rigour and transparency. However, there remains a paucity of critical discourse within the construction management research literature about the impact of such approaches on the depth and rigour of the resulting analyses. This paper posits that so-called computer-aided approaches have the potential to affect detrimentally the outcomes of construction management research if researchers see such tools as a panacea for ensuring the rigour and transparency of their work. Paradoxically, computer-aided approaches often restrict rather than aid the analytical process. The paper draws upon the authors' experiences of using a leading package from which a number of considerations for the use of computers in qualitative data analysis are discussed. It is concluded that the research community would benefit from an open debate on whether computer packages really do provide a panacea to the analysis of qualitative data in applied construction management research projects or whether their use merely provides a label with which to convince sceptical positivists of the rigour of inductive research techniques.