基于多巴胺亲水改性下Janus膜的制备及其油水乳液分离

目前用于处理含油废水的特殊润湿材料通常分为去油型和去水型,其仅局限分离单一乳液。本文基于多巴胺改性的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜,通过交替浸渍工艺和无纺布剥离,制备了具有不对称润湿性的Janus膜。通过调整交替次数以及剥离无纺布,可分别获得超亲水/水下超疏油的表面以及超疏水/超亲油的底面,水/水下油接触角(CA)差异高达150°。基于Janus膜的非对称润湿性,仅通过切换跨膜方向,对表面活性剂稳定的水包油(O/W)和油包水(W/O)乳液渗透通量高达367L/(m²·h)和1729L/(m²·h),其中水包油渗透液化学需氧量(COD)符合石油化工排放标准,油包水渗透液中水含量小于80mg/L,实现了对O/W和W/O乳液的高效分离。此外,Janus膜在牛血清蛋白(BSA)溶液分离过程中表现出理想的防污性能和可重复使用性。     

One-step fabrication of superhydrophobic and superoleophilic cigarette filters for oil-water separation

To develop a simple and efficient way to recycle used cigarette filters, we report on a one-step method for preparing superhydrophobic and superoleophilic cigarette filters for oil–water separation. The robust coating layer on the surface of the cellulose acetate fiber, along with the inherent rough texture of the cigarette filter, could lead to its surface that displayed superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity. Water droplets can retain in spherical shapes on the modified cigarette filters, while oils were immediately absorbed by the cigarette filters with high absorption capacity. As a result, free oil–water mixtures were separated with efficiency of above 98.0% by the driving force of gravity, and water-in-oil emulsion was also separated with a promising flux of about 2500 L m^?2 h^?1. The purity of oil for the tested emulsion was above 99.96%, indicating extremely high separation efficiency. This method for the fabrication of the superhydrophobic and superoleophilic cigarette filters would be a good candidate for recycling the solid wastes and developing an economic oil–water separation material to meet emerging needs in practical applications.     

Vertically zeolitic imidazolate framework-L coated mesh with dagger-like structure for oil/water separation

The novel functional superwettable materials for high-efficiency oil/water separation are urgently required due to oil pollution in water body caused by oil tanker accidents, seabed oil production, and oil from refineries and petrochemical plants. Here, the superhydrophobic and superoleophilic zeolitic imidazolate framework-L (ZIF-L) mesh with antimicrobial effect was successfully fabricated by in-situ growth, composed of vertically ZIF-L with micro-/nanodagger-like structure and exhibited the water contact angle of 155.4 ± 1.8° and the oil contact angle of 0° in air. Furthermore, ZIF-L was verified to have an excellent antimicrobial activity, which endowed ZIF-L mesh with good antimicrobial performance. ZIF-L mesh provided a permeation flux with 1.75 × 10⁵ L m⁻² hr⁻¹ and 99.7% separation efficiency after 10 cycles operations for water mixtures with isooctane and presented optimal stability. Accordingly, the results demonstrated that ZIF-L as a new material shows an attractive applied promise for oil/water separation in industry.     

Three‐dimensionally printed bioinspired superhydrophobic PLA membrane for oil‐water separation

A novel lotus‐leaf‐inspired superhydrophobic poly(lactic acid) (PLA) porous membrane was fabricated for oil‐water separation based on fused deposition modeling three‐dimensional printing and subsequent chemical etching and the decoration of polystyrene nanospheres. A superhydrophobic PLA fractal surface with a water contact angle of 151.7° and low water adhesion force of 21.8 μN was achieved. The membrane pore size could be easily adjusted from 40 to 600 μm via a computer‐aided design program to optimize separation performance. The maximal oil‐water separation efficiency of 99.4% was achieved with a pore size of 250 μm, which also exhibited a high flux of 60 kL m^?2 h^?1. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3700–3708, 2018     

Superhydrophobic,mechanically flexible and recyclable reduced graphene oxide wrapped sponge for highly efficient oil/water separation

Water pollution has become an urgent issue for our modern society, and it is highly desirable to rapidly deal with the water pollution without secondary pollution. In this paper, we have prepared a reduced graphene oxide (RGO) wrapped sponge with superhydrophobicity and mechanically flexibility via a facile low-temperature thermal treatment method under a reducing atmosphere. The skeleton of this sponge is completely covered with RGO layers which are closely linked to the skeleton. This sponge has an abundant pore structure, high selectivity, good recyclability, low cost, and outstanding adsorption capacity for floating oil or heavy oil underwater. In addition, this sponge can maintain excellent adsorption performance for various oils and organic solvents over 50 cycles by squeezing, and exhibits extremely high separation efficiencies, up to 6 × 10⁶ and 3.6 × 10⁶ L·m^–3·h^–1 in non-turbulent and turbulent water/oil systems, respectively. This superhydrophobic adsorbent with attractive properties may find various applications, especially in large-scale removal of organic contaminants and oil spill cleanup.

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粉煤灰超疏水不锈钢网的制备及油水分离

采用树脂粘接法,将硬脂酸修饰后的粉煤灰用环氧树脂粘接在不锈钢网骨架表面,制备了超疏水不锈钢网,并对其进行了TEM、SEM、FTIR和接触角等表征。结果显示：在高倍显微镜下改性后的超疏水不锈钢网表面呈一定粗糙度的微纳米分级结构,静态水接触角高达153°。此外,该超疏水不锈钢网具有良好的机械稳定性和超疏水耐久性,其表面经机械磨损试验100次后水静态接触角仍高达141°。该材料用于多种油/有机溶剂与水的混合液的分离中,分离效率均高于94%。     

Polymeric Nanocomposites for Environmental and Industrial Applications

Polymeric nanocomposites (PNC) have an outstanding potential for various applications as the integrated structure of the PNCs exhibits properties that none of its component materials individually possess. Moreover, it is possible to fabricate PNCs into desired shapes and sizes, which would enable controlling their properties, such as their surface area, magnetic behavior, optical properties, and catalytic activity. The low cost and light weight of PNCs have further contributed to their potential in various environmental and industrial applications. Stimuli-responsive nanocomposites are a subgroup of PNCs having a minimum of one promising chemical and physical property that may be controlled by or follow a stimulus response. Such outstanding properties and behaviors have extended the scope of application of these nanocomposites. The present review discusses the various methods of preparation available for PNCs, including in situ synthesis, solution mixing, melt blending, and electrospinning. In addition, various environmental and industrial applications of PNCs, including those in the fields of water treatment, electromagnetic shielding in aerospace applications, sensor devices, and food packaging, are outlined.     

双水相萃取技术研究进展及应用

双水相萃取技术作为一种新型的分离技术日益受到重视，它与传统的萃取方法相比有独特的优点。总结了双水相萃取形成的原理，萃取过程的基本理论、萃取体系的特点以及热力学模型的发展，综述了双水相萃取技术在生化工业、分析检测、稀有金属分离等方面的应用，介绍了该技术的最新进展，指出了该技术工业存在的问题并对今后的发展作了展望。     

Preparation of oil-water separation network based on the novel strategies of SiO2 ceramic micro-nano structure and PDMS modification

In this study, we adopted the novel strategies of the soot template method to construct SiO₂ ceramic micro-nano structure surface and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) modification to reduce the surface energy. We fabricated a superhydrophobic/superoleophilic NS-PDMS oil–water separation screen by depositing coarse nano-SiO₂ ceramic on the surface of 100-mesh stainless-steel screen used as a substrate under the soot template method, which reduced the surface energy with PDMS. The fabricated NS-PDMS screen exhibited excellent superhydrophobic and self-cleaning properties. In particular, the superhydrophobic properties were stably maintained under various harsh conditions. Overall, the screen manifested self-cleaning ability for various water-containing stains, for example, coffee, milk, beer, and soy sauce. The mechanically damaged screen surface still retained its high roughness, and re-modification with PDMS could recover the superhydrophobic surface and oil–water separation performance. This suggests the re-use potential of the damaged NS-PDMS screen, which is vital for cost reduction and resource recycling. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature, because the fabricated NS-PDMS screen is superhydrophobic, superoleophilic, resistant toward several water-based solutions, chemically and mechanically stable under certain conditions, and can be reused with modification and repair after damage. Therefore, this screen can be broadly used as an oil–water separator.     

除水用过滤材料油水分离试验方法研究

对目前国内外除水用过滤材料油水分离试验方法及现状进行了简单介绍,对试验方法的不足进行了分析,并根据经验对今后此试验新方法研究方向阐述了自己的观点。并对过滤材料油水分离试验的行为和其工作原理进行了分析计算,推导出了过滤材料油水分离试验中过滤材料单位面积的平均不溶水含量的计算公式。     

含油废水气浮处理药剂的应用与研究进展

综述了国内外石油和石化行业含油污水气浮处理药剂的作用机理,种类以及使用性能的近期研究与应用进展,与无机浮选药剂相经,级机浮选药剂具有产生的浮渣量少,效率高等优点,其研究,开发与应用在我国还应得到进一步重视,一些阳离子型共聚物单体的规模化生产问题还有待解决,未来水处理浮选药剂应向多功能,高效,广谱方向发展。     

稠油采出液油水分离剂的研制和应用

研制出了对中东某油田高含水稠油(API度为21·3)采出液兼有清水和破乳双重功能的非离子型油水分离剂SP1006。现场试验表明,在SP1006综合加药量为6mg/L的情况下,就可达到外输脱水脱气原油的水含量不大于0·6%、处理后深层回灌采出水的含油量不大于150mg/L的技术指标。     

疏水性油水分离膜及其过程研究进展

油水分离是治理含油废水和含水油液的重要工业过程。本文概括了疏水性油水分离膜的类型与制备方法,包括常规分离膜和高度疏水/超亲油分离膜。前者为常规微滤、超滤及纳滤过程用膜;后者由构筑高度疏水（水滴接触角≥120°）表面方法得到,形式有金属网膜、纤维膜、滤纸、复合膜及不对称膜,其为制备耐污染的疏水性油水分离膜提供了新思路。指出了疏水性膜用于油水分离的过程原理及应用现状：含油废水除油中,疏水性膜可实现O/W乳液的破乳、粗粒化油滴、滤除油滴及吸附油分子几方面的功能;含水油液除水中,膜被用来截留水滴,可直接得到净化的油品。最后,指出了其过程规模化应用前尚需解决的重要问题,特别是高度疏水/超亲油分离膜的制备、相关过程研究的深入及其规模化试验等方面需着力加强。     

Superhydrophobic and photothermal sponge for effective oil/water separation and solar-assisted recovery of viscous oil

With the occurrence of offshore oil spills, the recovery of viscous oil continues to be a significant issue. The multi-functional sponge with superhydrophobic, absorption of high viscosity oil is an effective approach to settle this problem. In this work, the melamine-formaldehyde (MF) sponge was the backbone and doped with polydopamine (PDA) to mimic mussels. Subsequently, candle soot nanoparticles (CS) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were applied to modify the MF sponge into a superhydrophobic sponge (P-CS-PDA@MF) (WCA = 153.56°). The P-CS-PDA@MF sponge showed good absorption properties for many oils and organic solvents (33.87–78.90 times of its own weight). In addition, the P-CS-PDA@MF sponge also showed outstanding chemical stability, low density (0.013 g/cm³), emulsion-breaking ability and flame retardancy. More interestingly, the P-CS-PDA@MF sponge showed superior photothermal conversion capability, the temperature of it increased to approximately 91°C within 100 s under simulated sunlight from room temperature (about 25°C), and the sorption capacity of viscous oils was significantly increased. Moreover, the P-CS-PDA@MF sponge exhibited a high efficiency (over 97%) for separating viscous oils/water mixtures with the aid of sunlight. This versatile and efficient multifunctional P-CS-PDA@MF sponge via a simple and low-cost way shows promising prospect in oily wastewater treatment and water ecosystem remediation.     

双项预处理+CASS工艺处理船舶废水研究

以船舶废水为研究对象,采用双项预处理和CASS池处理组合工艺对其进行处理,重点考察了聚合氯化铝和聚合氯化铁用量对废水中的油相去除效果的影响,以及由高浓度COD和高盐度引起的活性污泥生物相演替规律。结果表明,当聚合氯化铝为0.25mg.L-1,聚合氯化铁的投量为2mg.L-1时对石油类的去除效果最好,此时石油类的浓度可降至22.71mg.L-1。CASS池能够在满负荷工况下实现稳定运行,出水COD、BOD和石油类分别为40~85mg.L-1,14~20 mg.L-1和4~6 mg.L-1时,对COD和石油类的去除率分别高达87%和98%以上。     

Performance evaluation of modified fabricated cotton membrane for oil/water separation and heavy metal ions removal

Preparation of effective membrane with special surface treatment for oil/water separation having promising future and low manufacturing cost. The suggested membrane was fabricated by a simple treatment via increasing the hydrophilicity of the cotton fabric surface. The cotton fabric was impregnated in poly(acrylic acid-co-N-methylol acrylamide), poly(AA-co-NMA), where NMA acts as bonding agent. Sodium hypophosphite (SHP) was added to the modification solution to enhance the bonding between the cotton fabric and the PAA. The modified fabric was thermally dried and cured at different temperatures. It was found that, the presence of 3.5% NMA and addition of 5% SHP to the modification solution then curing at 190°C gave the highest amount of bonded PAA to the cotton fabric. The success of the modification process was confirmed by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transformer infrared and the increase in the contact angle of the cotton fabric after modification. Furthermore, the prepared membrane was evaluated for oil (n-hexane, toluene, and petroleum ether)/water separation and also for heavy metal ions removal (Cd²⁺ and Co²⁺). Neutralization of the produced membrane with ammonium hydroxide resulting in a higher contact angle and consequently higher separation efficiency for oil/water mixtures and higher performance for heavy metal ions removal compared to the unneutralized one.     

One‐Step Fabrication of Superhydrophobic/Superoleophilic Electrodeposited Polythiophene for Oil and Water Separation

A facile, one‐step, and single‐component fabrication of superhydrophobic and superoleophilic coating by electropolymerization of polythiophene on a stainless steel mesh is presented. The resulting coating has low surface energy and shows surface morphology bearing both micro‐ and nano‐features without the need to add nanofillers, or pretreatment of the substrate to make it rough. The polythiophene coating also shows reversible wetting property (superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic, and vice versa) by electrochemical doping and dedoping. The coated mesh is shown to repel water of different pH (1, 7, and 14) and salt content. On the other hand, oil such as dichloromethane, gasoline, kerosene, dodecane, and crude oil can easily pass through the mesh. Therefore, the coated mesh is an excellent material for the separation of oil and water.     

稠油旋流除砂洗砂工艺与装置研制

针对稠油除砂时,旋流除砂洗砂工艺在运行过程中存在对井口压力要求高、旋流器易磨损及自动化程度低等问题进行了一系列研究,开发出了一种静-动态组合式的旋流除砂洗砂工艺与装置。装置完成后,对其运行的稳定性和性能进行了实验测试,达到了预期的目的,并在油田现场进行了验证,其中55μm以上颗粒的除砂率达90%以上,砂中含油满足环境排放要求。     

Facile and Eco-Friendly Fabrication of Multifunctional Melamine Sponge for Labeled Cr(VI) Removal and Highly Efficient Oil/Water Separation

Fabrication of multifunctional adsorbent of single-phase material is quite challenging and meaningful for water treatment. In this work, a polyaminosiloxane functionalized melamine sponge is used to remove both heavy metal ions and oil from water. Benefiting from its porous structure, superhydrophobic surface, and abundant amino groups on the surface, the sponge shows excellent performance in Cr(VI) removal and oil/water separation. Notably, the sponge exhibits fluorescent detection function for Cr(VI) owing to the packing of Schiff-base bonds, facilitating the adsorption process to be monitored in real time. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) is 252.82 mg g⁻¹ with good selectivity. In addition to the excellent Cr(VI) removal performance, its superhydrophobic nature allows it to adsorb 92.42 times the weight of oil and realize 99.97% oil/water separation efficiency. This trifunctional cost-effective adsorption material shows great potential for large-scale water purification application.