Ternary Gels of a Polymer Blend and a Recycled Oil: Their Use as Bitumen Modifiers

A blend of random ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and triblock styrene‐butadiene‐styrene copolymer (SBS) was dissolved in a recycled engine oil to obtain ternary thermoreversible gels. As the temperature was increased, first a network associated with EVA disappeared, and a second one associated with SBS dominated, maintaining the elastic response of the system. The principal advantage of these ternary systems is that their mechanical properties and thermal stability are better than that of binary gels. These gels, made from waste, can be used as bitumen modifiers to obtain binders of improved properties and good stability, which are useful for road surfacing.

Temperature sweeps of elastic modulus performed at a frequency of 1 Hz.     

富马酸及其衍生物的应用研究进展

富马酸及其衍生物具有无毒、低腐蚀性等特点,广泛用于食品、医药、化工、涂料、树脂、增塑剂等领域.本文综述了富马酸及其衍生物在不同领域的应用研究进展,展望了其开发利用的前景,指出在石油资源日益枯竭的情况下,对其作为一种平台化合物,在合成四碳化合物方面的应用前景比较看好.     

富马酸烷·3-PG酯的合成研究

研究 5种具有良好的抗氧化和抗菌活性的新型化合物———富马酸甲 (乙、丙、丁、戊 )·3 PG酯的合成工艺条件并揭示了其规律。发现富马酸单酯单酰氯与没食子酸丙酯 (PG)的理想反应条件为 :在c(PG) =5 7 0 1mol/L的吡啶溶液中 ,吡啶正常回流温度下 ,分别缓慢滴加富马酸单甲 (乙、丙、丁、戊 )酯单酰氯 ,反应 4 0～ 6 0min ,可获得产率为 75 6 % (78 3%、83 8%、83 3%、76 5 % )的富马酸甲 (乙、丙、丁、戊 )·3 PG酯。随烷基碳链的增长 ,马来酸酐与醇的物质的量比减小 ,反应温度升高和反应时间延长     

AMPS共聚物固井降失水剂的合成及性能研究

讨论了合成条件对2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)/丙烯酰胺(AM)共聚物固井降失水剂性能的影 响,并对产物的降失水能力进行了初步评价。     

影响SBS改性沥青延度的因素探讨

通过对SBS牌号、沥青牌号、SBS加入量、改性沥青加工工艺等方面对SBS改性沥 青延度影响的试验研究,分析了影响SBS改性沥青延度的主要因素,提出了提高改性沥青低温延 度的方法。     

含孪尾结构两性离子共聚物的合成及性能

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)、N,N-二辛基甲基丙烯酰胺(DLMB)和3-(2-甲基丙烯酰胺丙基二甲胺基)丙磺酸盐(MDPS)为单体,通过自由基共聚,制备了一种含孪尾结构的两性离子共聚物驱油剂(AADM)。对共聚物进行了红外、核磁表征并确认了其结构,热重实验分析了热稳定性,并与部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)进行了对比,考察了该共聚物的增黏性、水溶性、抗老化、剪切稀释性、剪切恢复性和耐温抗盐性。结果表明,共聚物AADM具有优异的水溶性和增黏性,在2000 mg/L的质量浓度下可使表观黏度达到466.5 mPa·s;在510s–1的剪切速率下,其表观黏度为60.4 mPa·s;在120℃下,其表观黏度能够达到182.6 mPa·s;在经过30 d的老化实验后其表观黏度为94.6 mPa·s;在15000 mg/L NaCl、2000 mg/L MgCl_2和2000 mg/L CaCl_2溶液中,该共聚物的表观黏度分别为77.8、72.4和68.6 mPa·s。在岩心驱替实验中,共聚物溶液能够将采收率提高7.72%。以上实验结果均优于相同条件下的HPAM,这是因为孪尾结构的引入有效地增强了共聚物的疏水缔合能力,两性离子单体的引入削弱了分子链对盐的敏感度。     

Synthesis and Properties of Quinone Copolymers Possessing Antioxidant and Antihypoxemic Properties

Copolymers including hydroquinone and vinylpyridine units have been prepared by the copolymerization reaction of quinones with vinylpyridines. By-products of these reactions are the homopolymer and the hydroquinone form of the respective quinone. It has been established that in the formation of the copolymers, the weak intermolecular complexes of quinones (Qs) with vinylpyridines (VPs) have an essential contribution. The kinetics of Q copolymerization with VP in the presence of triethylamine has been investigated. The values of the reaction order based on the components, the rate constants and activation energies of the copolymerization processes have been determined. The copolymers prepared are soluble in polar organic solvents, have high reactivity for electron exchange, and possess antioxidant, antihypoxemic and antistatic properties. © 1997 SCI     

含聚氧化乙烯嵌段的二元多嵌段共聚物的合成和性能

用遥爪羟基聚苯乙烯与聚乙二醇和二氯甲烷在氢氧化钾存在下合成了氧亚甲基连接的聚氧乙烯 -聚苯乙烯多嵌段共聚物 ,采用FT -IR、1HNMR、分子量测定和凝胶渗透色谱分析表征共聚物的结构 ,研究了共聚物的乳化性能和相转移催化性能。结果表明 ,该类共聚物具有较好的乳化性能和相转移催化性能     

碱催化聚醚—聚酰胺6嵌段共聚物的性能

以氢氧化钠为催化剂、端酰基内酰胺基聚醚为活化剂,引发己内酰胺阴离子聚合。以抽提法测定聚合物的转化率,示差扫描量热法测定结晶度、结晶温度、并测定其密度、维卡软化点等性能,研究聚醚种类、活化剂结构及用量对上述共聚物性质的影响。     

改质沥青生产工艺的开发与应用

根据莱钢焦化厂改质沥青生产工艺的特点和存在问题,自主设计并采用了全自流改质沥青的生产工艺,实践结果表明,新生产工艺优化了反应釜加热炉炉体的结构,解决了造成改质沥青液下泵使用寿命较短的关键性技术难题,提高了生产开工周期,降低运行成本。     

丙烯腈共聚物的热性能与膜结构研究

以丙烯腈和衣康酸为共聚单体,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,使用自由基溶液聚合的方法在二甲基亚砜体系中制备聚丙烯腈树脂。采用氧化改性的方法将衣康酸氨化为衣康酸铵,与丙烯腈进行共聚反应。借助DSC、SEM等测试方法研究了氨化改性对共聚物的热性能及聚合物膜结构的影响。结果表明：共聚单体可以在较低温度下以离子机理引发氰基发生低聚反应,导致梯形环化结构的形成,有效降低放热起始温度。而衣康酸铵中的氨基可作为环化反应的催化剂,促进聚丙烯腈在预氧化过程中形成均匀的环化梯形结构。且铵盐具有亲水性,使纤维内部缺陷更容易弥合。     

AMA-m-P(AA-co-NVP)共聚物水凝胶的合成与溶胀性能研究

合成了金刚烷胺改性丙烯酸-N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(AMA-m-P(AA-co-NVP))共聚物水凝胶,通过改变原料配比可有效调控水凝胶的溶胀率.金刚烷胺(AMA)的比例越大,反应中和效率越低.随着反应物中AMA/AA和NVP/AA比例的升高,共聚物水凝胶的溶胀率逐渐增大.产物AMA-m-P(AA-co-NVP)聚合物水凝胶...     

Aging Effects on Surface Properties and Coalescence of Bitumen Droplets

The coalescence of emulsified bitumen droplets is examined, from the perspective of material surface properties, at temperatures of 22°C and 40°C over exposure periods of up to 8 h. The study was undertaken to better understand the nature of oil sands ore conditioning in the water‐based bitumen extraction processes of Syncrude Canada Ltd. Measurements of the bitumen droplet electrophoretic mobility showed only a slight degree of variation with temperature. The mechanical stress‐strain behaviour of the droplets was investigated using a micropipette‐based technique. These results indicate that the interfacial dilational elasticity of bitumen droplets depends on temperature and droplet age, while the tension is relatively invariant to duration of exposure. Interaction experiments between emulsified bitumen droplets quantify a coalescence probability that correlates with dilational elasticity at their surfaces.     

Surface Rheological Properties of Hydrophobically Modified Polyacrylamide and Imidazolium Surfactant Systems

The dilational rheological properties of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide (HMPAM) or hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solutions without and with imidazolium surfactants ([C₁₄‐4‐C₁₄im]Br₂ and [C₁₄mim]Br) at the air/water surface were investigated using oscillating bubble measurements. The results obtained suggest that imidazolium surfactants interact with the polymer on the surface, enhancing the dilational viscoelasticity of surface film. The dilational modulus value of [C₁₄‐4‐C₁₄im]Br₂/HMPAM is higher than that of the [C₁₄mim]Br/HMPAM system at low polymer concentration, confirming that [C₁₄‐4‐C₁₄im]Br₂ with two head groups and two hydrophobic chains can combine with a polymer to form a strong film on the surface. Moreover, imidazolium surfactants have stronger hydrophobic interaction with HMPAM chains than those of HPAM, thus enhancing the surface film strength for a surfactant/HMPAM system. The surface interaction mechanism between polyacrylamide and imidazolium surfactant is proposed to result from the electrostatic interactions and the hydrophobic effect.     

水溶性两性高分子的合成和溶液性质

等物质的量的二甲胺和氯丙烯在碱性条件下反应生成烯丙基二甲胺 ,转化率为 6 8 7%;烯丙基二甲胺与氯乙酸钠〔n(烯丙基二甲胺 )∶n(氯乙酸钠 ) =1∶0 8〕在 6 0～ 70℃进行季铵化反应 ,合成了两性离子单体N 羧甲基 N ,N 二甲基 N 烯丙基氢氧化铵内盐 (CDAH) ,转化率 96 5 %(以氯乙酸钠计 )。以水为溶剂 ,亚硫酸氢钠和过硫酸钾为引发剂 ,合成了N 羧甲基 N ,N 二甲基 N 烯丙基氢氧化铵内盐—丙烯酰胺 (AA)两性共聚物 ;聚合条件为 :聚合温度 6 0～ 80℃ ,单体量比n(CDAH)∶n(AA) =3∶7,单体的质量分数w (CDAH +AA) =30 %,引发剂NaHSO3 和K2 S2 O8的质量均为单体总质量的 0 2 %。研究了两性高分子在不同介质中的黏度特性。结果表明 ,两性共聚物的等电区 (pH值 )为 5 5～ 7 5 ;非等电区时共聚物在纯水中具有典型的聚电解质黏度特性 ,随外加盐阴离子半径的增大 ,或随盐溶液浓度的增大 ,比浓黏度和特性黏度减小 ,Huggins常数增大 ;等电区时共聚物在纯水中的黏性行为符合Mark Huggins方程 ,外加盐的影响与非等电区时相反。     

Fumaric Acid as a Promoter of Adhesion in Vulcanized Synthetic Rubbers

The addition of dicarboxylic acids to polyurethane adhesives, to improve their adhesion to vulcanized synthetic rubbers, may cause the degradation over time of the adhesives. To avoid the degradation of polyurethane adhesives, this study proposes a surface treatment on vulcanized synthetic rubbers with carboxylic acid solutions instead of adding them to the adhesives. In all the styrene-butadiene rubbers studied, a great improvement in adhesion to polyurethane adhesives has been obtained. The nature of the solvent used to disperse the fumaric acid over the surface, as well as the nature of the rubber, determined the effectiveness of the surface treatment. The use of fumaric acid solutions provided optimum results when the surface of the rubber was slightly roughened. The increase in the adhesion properties of styrene-butadiene rubbers, treated with fumaric acid, has been attributed to an increase in the degree of the surface roughness and to an enhancement in the surface energy (due to the elimination of abhesive substances on the surface of the rubber and to the formation of C-O groups by surface oxidation). The effectiveness of the surface treatment on rubbers with fumaric acid in the adhesion of styrene-butadiene rubbers has been compared with those produced by other common treatments, such as halogenation and roughening. In general, T-peel strengths obtained in the rubbers treated with fumaric acid were similar to those obtained through halogenation and were always higher than those obtained through roughening. Therefore, surface treatment of styrene-butadiene rubbers with fumaric acid can be considered as an alternative method to chemical treatments currently used, especially in the footwear industry.     

富马酸二乙醇酰胺磷酸酯的合成及在金属加工液的应用

用富马酸与二乙醇胺反应合成富马酸二乙醇酰胺,用五氧化二磷作为磷酸化剂,合成了富马酸二乙醇酰胺磷酸酯,确定了最佳合成条件：富马酸：二乙醇胺：五氧化二磷=1∶2∶1（摩尔比）;反应温度为135℃;反应时间为6h.并对合成产品的润滑防锈性进行了测定.结果表明所合成的富马酸二乙醇酰胺磷酸酯具有良好的润滑防锈性能.可将产品应用于金属加工液.     

ACS树脂的合成及性能研究

以氯化聚乙烯（CPE），苯乙烯（St）和丙烯腈（AN）为原料合成了接枝型ACS树脂，研究了合成的影响因素和产物的流变性及力学性能。     

苯乙烯类嵌段共聚物黏弹行为研究进展

综述了国内外苯乙烯类嵌段共聚物黏弹行为研究进展。着重从苯乙烯类嵌段共聚物溶液和熔体的黏弹行为两方面介绍苯乙烯类嵌段共聚物所表现出的特殊流变特性,以及流变特性与形态结构之间的关联。并基于已有的研究现状提出了苯乙烯类嵌段共聚物黏弹行为研究的前沿与重点。     

(p-CMS)-g-DMAEMA两亲性环境敏感高聚物的合成及其控制释放研究

应用大分子引发剂,以原子转移自由基聚合技术（ATRP）舍成了聚对氯甲基苯乙烯接枝聚甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲基氨基乙酯[（p-CMS）-g-DMAEMA]的两亲性环境敏感梳状高聚物。IR分析表明所得高聚物与设计结构基本一致;以特性黏数表征了高聚物的相对分子质量;粒度分析表明,高聚物具有明显的温度与pH值敏感性;在低临界溶解温度（LCST）下,水溶液中高聚物胶束数均粒径约30～50nm;在不同pH值环境中,通过调节亲水基团与疏水基团的比例,可在18～56℃范围内调节LCST,pH〈7．5时LCST消失。DSC分析表明梳状共聚物具有明显的微相分离结构。对非诺夫他林的控制释放实验表明高聚物具有较好地控制释放性能。