共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
用聚合物乳液为包膜剂制备缓释尿素 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
介绍了采用聚合物乳液作为包膜剂制备包膜缓释尿素,具有工艺简洁和包膜过程绿色的特点,能够根本解决现有包膜过程中毒性有机溶剂的污染和回收问题。实验考察了聚合物乳液包膜剂平板成膜时的渗透系数,表明聚合物乳液是良好的缓释包膜剂。实验采用转鼓流化床工艺制备包膜尿素,测定了包膜尿素在水中的释放特性。通过扫描电镜检测包膜尿素和膜层的形貌特征。结果表明,采用聚合物乳液直接对尿素颗粒包膜时,在颗粒表面形成的高湿性环境容易导致尿素表面溶解,水分蒸发后形成针状尿素结晶,复合在聚合物膜层中,包膜尿素进入水中时,针状尿素快速溶出,造成膜层多孔性渗漏,降低了包膜尿素的缓释性能。在聚合物乳液包膜前,先在尿素颗粒表面包覆一层硫磺阻隔层或石蜡疏水层,能有效抑制尿素在包膜时的溶出过程。 相似文献
5.
6.
Lixia Li Huaihe Song Qiang Xiao Wenping Yi Xiaohui Ni 《Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering》2017,56(8):866-872
Pure polyurethane (PU) and its composites with zeolite 4A prepared through the in situ reaction were used as coating materials for urea. On the basis of analyzing their morphologies and structures, the effect of zeolite 4A content on release property of coated urea was investigated. SEM images showed the formation of the good interface between microsized zeolite 4A and polyurethane. When 2% of zeolite 4A was added into PU, the N release duration of coated urea reached 70 d, implying that PU/zeolite 4A composite can be used as an alternate strategy to improve the N use efficiency in controlled release fertilizer. 相似文献
7.
8.
聚合物硫包尿素的养分释放特征 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对聚合物硫包尿素(简称PSCU)产品的养分释放特性进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,PSCU在抗冲击性和耐磨性上均明显优于硫包尿素(简称SCU);PSCU能明显克服SCU的“破裂释放”模式的缺点,使养分释放更加平缓;硫膜的厚度对PSCU的养分释放期起决定性作用,养分初期溶出率随着硫膜厚度的增加而降低, 养分释放期相对延长;在相同涂硫量的条件下,PSCU养分初期溶出率随着外层聚合物用量的增加而降低,养分释放期相对延长。因而可以通过改变硫膜和聚合物的厚度来调节其养分释放特性,生产具有不同养分释放特性的控释肥料。 相似文献
9.
Cong Ge Xuebin Xu Fei Ma Jianmin Zhou Changwen Du 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(13)
Benefitting from the special structure of the leaf cuticle layer, plants have natural hydrophobicity and anti-fouling abilities. Inspired by the leaf surface structure, a biomimetic modification strategy was raised to improve the surface hydrophobicity of polyacrylate coating for controlled release fertilizer. Double-layer (polyacrylate and carnauba wax) coated fertilizer was obtained after biomimetic modification. The quality of controlled release fertilizer modified with the carnauba wax was greatly enhanced, and the coating material was effectively saved. The surface appearance of polyacrylate-coated fertilizer was improved for the surface blemish was repaired by the loaded carnauba wax. The characterizations by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the hydrogen bonds were formed between the water-based polyacrylate membrane and the carnauba wax layers. By optimizing the content of polyacrylate and carnauba wax, the release duration of the fertilizer was effectively prolonged, which was improved from 1 month to more than 2 months after the biomimetic modification. Therefore, biological wax as an environmentally-friendly natural material that has showed a broad potential in the application of coated controlled release fertilizer. 相似文献
10.
磷肥生产每年产生大量磷石膏,目前采用的露天堆存磷石膏方式存在着很大的环境安全隐患,磷石膏的治理是个世界难题。研究利用磷石膏包裹制备缓释尿素,在有效提高尿素N利用率的同时,既可为植物提供硫元素,又可消耗利用部分磷石膏。 相似文献
11.
聚氨酯包膜控释尿素制备工艺与养分释放特性研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)与植物油多元醇均匀喷涂在流化状态的尿素颗粒表面并发生化学反应,形成聚氨酯膜层。以侧喷流化床包膜工艺为基础,通过研究包膜量、反应温度、反应物比例等不同工艺条件下包膜尿素的养分释放性能,获得的生产聚氨酯包膜尿素的最佳工艺条件为反应温度75℃、MDI与植物油质量比1.0:1.0、反应时间20 min、催化剂用量0.40%(质量分数)、包膜比率为4.0%(质量分数),此包膜控释尿素的养分释放周期可达70 d。 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
硫包衣尿素氮素释放特性及其评价方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用静水释放法研究了38℃下6种不同硫包衣尿素氮素释放特性,并对不同硫包衣尿素的初期养分释放率、7d静态氮溶出率和微分溶出率进行了比较,探讨了硫包衣尿素氮素释放特性及其评价方法。结果表明,6种不同肥料的氮素释放曲线基本可分为"S"形、倒"L"形和直线形,其氮素累积释放率(质量分数)达到80%所需要的时间分别为48,85,32,80,41和23d;其氮素释放率与时间的关系可用抛物线扩散方程和一级动力学方程进行拟合,且效果较好;硫包衣尿素的初期养分释放率和7d静态溶出率可用于养分释放性能的综合评价。 相似文献
15.
用异氰酸酯与聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG)合成聚氨酯,再以其包裹尿素制成聚氨酯包膜尿素.采用比色法绘制聚氨酯包膜尿素的缓释曲线,讨论了异氰酸酯与羟基摩尔比(NCO/OH)、包膜率、反应方式、异氰酸酯、PPG分子量对包膜尿素缓释性能的影响.结果发现,以丙酮为溶剂,NCO/OH为1.1,在50~60℃的水浴温度下,PPG-300... 相似文献
16.
《国际聚合物材料杂志》2012,61(14):755-762
The controlled release of urea through mesoporous methylcellulose (MPMC) films with varying concentration of urea (10, 20, 40, and 50 wt%) was studied. It was found that the release of urea from methyl cellulose (MC) films take place through pores as well as through bulk of the MC matrix. The release of urea through MPMC film is independent of the initial concentration of urea. The mass of diffused urea is well fitted to the transport equations. The transport of urea is pseudo-Fickian. The optical study exhibits the compactness of the MC film at the high percentage of urea. 相似文献
17.
18.
尿素对木质素酚醛树脂胶粘剂性能的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
考察了尿素对木质素酚醛树脂(LPF)胶粘剂性能的影响,结果表明,在LPF胶粘剂中加入质量分数2%~3%(以总溶液质量为基准,下同)尿素后,胶粘性能明显提高,胶粘强度由2.02 MPa提高到2.21 MPa,游离甲醛质量分数由0.16%降至0.05%,黏度由858 mPa.s降低至306 mPa.s。红外光谱分析表明,尿素与LPF胶粘剂中的游离甲醛反应生成了脲醛树脂,在固化过程中脲醛树脂的羟基与LPF胶粘剂的羟基发生缩合反应,提高了LPF胶粘剂的胶粘强度。 相似文献
19.
多孔淀粉对森林浴香精的吸附及释放性能研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文采用多孔淀粉吸附法,制备具有一定缓释性能的香精缓释制剂。使用扫描电子显微镜观察其表面多孔并向内部延伸。150目多孔淀粉的平均饱和吸附率为0.785g/g。热重法测得在150℃之前,随着温度的升高,多孔淀粉缓释制剂失重速率加快,至170℃左右时,香精基本释放完全。紫外分光光度法得出,随着时间的延长,质量相等固体中香精含量c缓慢下降,释放速率也逐渐减小;吸附在多孔淀粉中的香精在初期表面阶段释放符合一级反应动力学,方程为logc=-0.03123t+0.9149(r2=0.96799);微孔阶段释放符合二级反应动力学,方程为1/c=0.0051t+0.1338(r2=0.95915)。 相似文献