新型螯合性表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

螯合性表面活性剂是一种新型表面活性剂,具有广阔的发展前景.以月桂醇、乙二胺、氯乙酸等为原料,合成了N-十二烷基乙二胺三乙酸钠(盐),用IR、1H-NMR和MS对其结构进行了鉴定,并对其性能也进行了测试其降低水表面张力的效能为γcmc=24.9 mN·m-1, cmc=3.0 mmol·L-1;在软、硬水中的泡沫稳定系数分别为0.96和0.98;其对Ca2+的螯合比最终可接近1∶1     

N-十六烷基乙二胺二乙酸钠的合成及性能研究

采用大量无水乙二胺与1－Br－十六烷反应合成N－十六烷基乙二胺，然后与过量氯乙酸作用制备N－十六烷基乙二胺二乙酸，用NaOH中和，即得N－十六烷基乙二胺二乙酸钠。该产物在硬水中的差示稳定性为333，优于LAS。在相同测试条件下，产物的去污力高于LAS，发泡力明显低于LAS。     

烷基糖苷羟丙基磺酸盐和咪唑啉复配性能研究

研究了烷基糖苷羟丙基磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂(APGHPS)和咪唑啉两性离子表面活性剂(IMD)复配体系的稳定性、表面活性、泡沫性能、润湿性能和耐硬水性能。结果表明:APGHPS和IMD复配体系稳定性好;复配体系表现出良好的协同增效作用,当n(APGHPS)∶n(IMD)=1∶1时,增效作用最为明显,此时临界胶束浓度cmc=8.81×10~(-5)mol/L,最低表面张力γcmc=26.2 m N/m,均低于单一组分;复配体系的泡沫性能、润湿性能和耐硬水性能都较单一组分表面活性剂有所提高。     

双头基表面活性剂的合成、表征及其性能

以棕榈酸、四甲基二丙烯三胺和丙烷磺内酯为主要原料合成了一种双头基表面活性剂N,N-双[3-（二甲基磺丙基铵基）-丙基]-N-十六酰胺,红外光谱和质谱分析验证了产物的结构。对产物进行性能测试,结果表明：25℃时,临界胶束浓度cmc为1.78×10?4mol/L,γcmc为50.1mN/m;在浓度大于cmc时,硝基苯在产物胶束相的分配系数lgKmc=3.12;钙皂分散指数LSDR为4%;硬水中的稳定等级为5级。     

N-月桂酰基乙二胺三乙酸的合成及性能研究

采用无水乙二胺、月桂酸和氯乙酸为原料合成N-月桂酰基乙二胺三乙酸,通过正交实验确定了最佳实验条件,同时对产物的润湿力、乳化力和螯合能力等性能进行了研究。性能研究表明:产品泡沫稳定性能很好,29.2℃时,cmc=3.48 mmol/L,γ(cmc)=23.7 mN/m。     

季铵盐型阳离子咪唑啉表面活性的测定

对合成得到的季铵盐型十六烷基阳离子咪唑啉进行了多项表面活性测定 ,其中表面张力为 48.2～ 5 2 .3kN·m-1;HLB值评价为 8,属水包油型表面活性剂 ;在硬水中的稳定性评价良好 ;发泡力大致与平平加O(n =15 )相当。证实它具有良好的性能。     

月桂酸羟乙/丙基磺酸钠的性能研究

对自制的月桂酸羟乙/丙基磺酸钠(商品名称为Igepon A/Igepon B)的物化性能进行了研究。结果表明,Igepon A的cmc和γcmc低于Igepon B;在润湿力方面,两者相当;泡沫性能两者均很优良,而65%Igepon B在硬水中的发泡性和稳泡性较好,抗硬水能力强;去污力为Igepon A略低于Igepon B,对碳黑和蛋白污布Igepon B去污力高于标准粉;Igepon A的Krafft点为24.2℃,Igepon B的Krafft点小于1℃。在工业领域Igepon B表现出更好的实际应用价值。     

淀粉基烷基多苷柠檬酸酯盐的合成与性能

以红薯淀粉烷基多苷、柠檬酸为原料,在三元酸的催化作用下通过酯化和中和反应合成了阴离子表面活性剂烷基多苷柠檬酸酯盐(APG-EC).考察了合成工艺条件,其较佳工艺条件为:m(红薯淀粉烷基多苷):m(柠檬酸)=4:1,真空度0.040 MPa,反应温度115℃,催化剂用量(为相对于淀粉烷基多苷中试产品和柠檬酸质量和的质量分数)1.0%.通过红外光谱分析确定了产物结构,并对物化性能进行了测定.结果表明:APG-EC的γcmc=31.9 mN/m,cmc=5×10-3g/L,HLB=18,在硬水中的平均稳定性以及差示稳定性分别为5和5 5 5.与红薯淀粉烷基多苷的性能进行对比,其抗硬水稳定性明显增强.     

辛酸咪唑啉表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

以正辛酸、羟乙基乙二胺和氯乙酸钠为原料,合成了辛酸咪唑啉表面活性剂,用傅里叶变换红外光谱对咪唑啉中间体进行了表征,并研究了辛酸咪唑啉物化性能。结果表明,该表面活性剂cmc为6×10-4 mol·L~(-1),γcmc为29.5 m N·m~(-1);质量分数为0.3%时,在质量分数8%HCl溶液体系中对45#碳钢片缓蚀率为91%;发泡和稳泡能力较差,润湿性能较好     

N-月桂酰基-N′-羟乙基乙二胺乙酸盐的合成与性能研究

以月桂酸、羟乙基乙二胺和氯乙酸钠为原料合成N-月桂酰基-N′-羟乙基乙二胺乙酸盐(简称两性乙酸钠)表面活性剂,考察了其水溶液的表面化学性能和应用性能。得到两性乙酸钠的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为1.015×10-3mol/L,最低表面张力(γcmc)为26.34 mN/m,等电点为pH 4.21~7.88;以二苯甲酮为猝灭剂,用稳态荧光法测定体系的胶束聚集数(N),得8cmc时N为18。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。