Cu基钎料MIG钎焊接头断裂行为分析

研究用Cu3SilMn钎料、Cu10Mn6Ni钎料分别MIG钎焊镀锌Q235钢板及1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢板。试验结果表明,在钎料／母材界面分别存在Si、Mn富集带,经XRD分析Si是以Fe2Si相形式存在,而Mn是以固溶体形式存在;用Cu3SilMn、Cu10Mn6Ni钎料钎焊镀锌Q235钢板接头抗拉强度试样均断在母材,抗拉强度为308．2－308．7MPa,钎焊1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢板,拉伸均断在钎缝,其抗拉强度分别是331．5MPa、423．6MPa;拉伸断口分析发现,断裂起裂点在搭接钎缝的根部,主要是母材成分与少量的钎料成分混合、溶解而成,是脆性断口;止裂点在钎缝金属中（Cu3SilMn钎料）或在近界面上（Cu10Mn6Ni钎料）,是塑性断口。     

热解还原法制备镀镍ZrO2增强低银SnAgCu系复合钎料及其钎焊

本文采用热分解-还原法制备镀镍ZrO2增强相,粉末冶金法制备镀镍ZrO2增强Sn1.0Ag0.5Cu复合钎料,研究了ZrO2纳米颗粒表面金属化以及其对Sn1.0Ag0.5Cu复合钎料的微观结构、材料性能及钎焊接头的影响。结果表明:经机械预处理的ZrO2粒径减小、团聚降低;采用热分解-还原法成功地制备出了镀镍ZrO2增强相,Ni粒子以8-11 nm间距均匀附着于ZrO2表面,ZrO2(02)和Ni(11)界面呈半共格关系;添加适量镀镍ZrO2对Ni/ZrO2-Sn1.0Ag0.5Cu复合材料的熔点、电阻率影响不大,提高了润湿性和抗拉强度,在镀镍ZrO2增强相添加量为0.7 wt.%时Ni/ZrO2-Sn1.0Ag0.5Cu复合钎料抗拉强度、钎焊接头剪切强度均达峰值,较基体材料的相比提高了43.3%、40%。随着Ni-ZrO2增强相的添加,复合钎料钎焊接头的断裂位置由界面IMC层向过渡区的近钎缝侧移动,断裂机制由韧-脆混合断裂逐渐转为韧窝为主的韧性断裂。     

复相Al2O3/SiCw陶瓷与不锈钢钎焊接头的界面反应和反应产物

采用氩气保护下活性金属钎焊法对碳化硅晶须增韧氧化铝陶瓷（Al2O3/SiCw）与不锈钢（1Cr18Ni9Ti)进行了钎焊，所用钎料为Ag-Cu-Ti3活性钎料，通过X－射线衍射仪（XRD）对界面的反应产物进行了物相分析，并用能谱仪（EDAX）分析了界面元素组成，结果表明，钎焊接头界面的反应十分复杂，反应产物多种多样，主要有TiO,Ti2O,TiC,Fe2Ti4O,Ni3Ti,AlTi等物质，界面反应层按Al2O3 SiC/TiO AlTi TiC/TiO2 Fe2Ti4O/Ag-Cu的规律过渡。     

CeO_2对镍基金属陶瓷复合层组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响

利用 5kWCO2 激光器在 5Cr2 1Mn9Ni4N不锈钢基体表面成功熔覆了含不同CeO2 量的镍基金属陶瓷复合层。研究了稀土氧化物CeO2 对激光熔覆金属陶瓷复合层显微组织形态和耐腐蚀性能的影响 ,发现稀土氧化物CeO2 能加速碳化钨颗粒的溶解 ,促使钨与铬形成金属间化合物 ;激光熔覆镍基金属陶瓷复合层的耐硫酸腐蚀能力显著优于 1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢 ;且含 0 5 %CeO2 (质量分数 )的激光熔覆层的耐腐蚀能力比含 1 5 %CeO2 (质量分数 )和不含CeO2 的激光熔覆层都要强     

Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu非晶钎料钎焊Si3N4陶瓷的连接强度

采用Ti40Zr25Ni15Cu20非晶钎料钎焊Si3N4陶瓷,研究钎焊工艺参数对界面反应层和接头连接强度的影响。结果表明:随着钎焊时间的增加和钎焊温度的提高,接头弯曲强度都表现出先上升后下降的趋势;钎焊工艺参数对连接强度的影响主要是由于影响反应层厚度所致;在相同钎焊工艺条件下,采用Ti40Zr25Ni15Cu20非晶态钎料和晶态钎料相比,其接头连接强度提高了84%。     

Ti40Zr25Ni15Cu20非晶钎料钎焊Si3N4陶瓷的界面结构及强度

采用Ti40Zr25Ni15Cu20非晶钎料进行了Si3N4陶瓷真空钎焊连接,利用SEM、EDX等微观分析手段,研究了钎焊界面的微观结构,得出界面反应层有两部分组成,接头界面微观结构为Si3N4/TiN/Ti-Si,Zr-Si化合物/钎缝中心;在相同钎焊工艺条件下,研究对比了晶态和非晶态钎料钎焊接头的强度,发现非晶态钎料钎焊的接头强度大大超过用晶态钎料钎焊的接头.     

Formation of interfacial brittle phases sigma phase and IMC in hybrid titanium-to-stainless steel joint

The microstructures of the brazed joints for commercially pure Ti and stainless steel were investigated by the applications of various filler alloys including Ag-, Ti-, Zr- and Ni-based alloys. Generally, the dissimilar joints between Ti and stainless steel were dominated by the Ti-based intermetallic compounds (IMCs), e.g. (Ti, Zr)₂(Fe, Ni), TiFe, TiCu, and Ti₂(Fe, Ni), due to a significant dissolution of Ti from the base metal. The (Fe-Cr) σ phase was also observed near the stainless steel due to a segregation of Cr into the interface region. This research demonstrates empirically that the brittleness of the Ti and stainless steel joint can not be avoided only by applying single braze alloy or single insert metal, and thus an introduction of additional suitable interlayer between the filler alloy and the base metal is necessary to prevent the brittleness of the joint.     

填充金属对钛合金与不锈钢电子束焊接的影响(英文)

采用Ni、V、Cu等填充材料进行钛合金与不锈钢的电子束焊接实验。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及X射线衍射对接头的微观组织进行分析。通过抗拉强度和显微硬度评价接头的力学性能,分析讨论填充材料对钛/钢电子束焊接接头微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:填充材料有助于抑制Ti-Fe金属间化合物的产生。所有接头均由固溶体和界面化合物组成。对于不同的填充材料,固溶体和界面化合物种类取决于填充材料与母材之间的冶金反应。对于Ni、V及Cu填充材料,界面化合物分别为Fe2Ti+Ni3Ti+NiTi2,TiFe和Cu2Ti+CuTi+CuTi2。接头抗拉强度主要取决于金属间化合物的脆性。采用Cu填充金属的接头抗拉强度最高,约为234 MPa。     

钎料中的锰在不锈钢真空钎焊过程中的作用

Ag—Cu钎料中的Mn优先渗透1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢上的氧化膜,同钎剂一样与不锈钢表面氧化物相作用,使氧化物变得可以被熔融钎料渗透。钎料熔化时富Mn—Cu 熔液超前于主体钎料沿氧化物—钢界面流布。母材金属在富Mn—Cu 熔液中的溶解使氧化膜剥离、破碎,为主体钎料的大规模铺展准备了条件。作为Mn 氧化反应的结果,真空炉中氧化性气体(主要是O_2和H_2O)的分压明显降低。     

Effect of parameters on interface of the brazed ZrO2 ceramic and Ti-6Al-4V joint using Ti-based amorphous filler

A commercially available Ti47 Zr28 Cu14 Ni11 (at. pct) amorphous filler foil was used to join ZrO2 ceramic and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. According to experimental observations, the interface microstructure accounts for the mechanical properties of the joints. The effects of brazing conditions and parameters on the joint properties were investigated. The joint shear strength showed the highest value of about 108 MPa and did not monotonously increase with the brazing time increasing. It was shown that decreasing of brazing cooling rate and appropriate filler foil thickness gave higher joint strength.     

真空钎焊不锈钢接头组织及扩散处理研究

采用BNi-2,BNi-5这2种镍基钎料真空钎焊1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢.利用金相分析,X射线衍射物相分析方法对钎焊接头组织特性、相组成和扩散处理后组织进行了研究.结果表明:在真空钎焊过程中,钎料和母材中元素产生明显扩散;扩散处理能够消除钎缝中化合物相,使接头组织均匀化.     

陶瓷/AgCuTi/不锈钢钎焊连接界面组织与结构

采用Ag-Cu-Ti钎料对日用陶瓷与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢进行了钎焊连接.用扫描电镜、能谱仪以及X射线衍射仪对接头的微观组织形貌、特征点的成分以及钎焊接头的物相等进行了分析研究.结果表明,接头界面处形成了多种化合物,包括TiO,TiSi_2,Ti_5Si_3和Fe_2Ti.当温度为850℃,保温时间为5 min时,接头界面结构为1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢/Fe_2Ti/Ag[s,s]+Cu[s,s]+Fe_2TiO+Ti_5Si_3+TiSi_2/陶瓷.当钎焊温度较高或保温时间较长时,界面反应层厚度增加,界面中基体相Ag[s,s],Cu[s,s]所占比例显著减小.

Abstract：

Domestic ceramics and lCrl8Ni9Ti stainless steel were brazed using Ag-Cu-Ti filler metal. Microstructure, the component of characteristic points and the phases of brazing joints were studied by scanning electronic microscopy ( SEM) , energy distribution spectrometer (EDS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that several kinds of intermetallics such as TiO_2, TiO, TiSi_2 , Ti_5 Si_3 and Fe_2 Ti were formed. The interfacial structure of joints is 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel/Fez Ti/Ag[ s, s] + Cu[s,s] + Fe_2Ti/TiO_2 + TiO + Ti_5Si_3 + TiSi_2/ceramics when brazing temperature and time are 850 ℃ and 5min, respectively. The depth of interfacial reactive layer increases and the ratio of matrix phase Ag [ s, s ], Cu [ s, s ] which are in the middle of interface reduces evidently as brazing temperature is very high or holding time is very long.     

TC4／Ag-Cu—Ti／1Cr18Ni9Ti钎焊接头界面组织与结构

以Ag—Cu—Ti箔状钎料对钛合金TCA和不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti进行了真空钎焊。采用扫描电镜、能谱分析、金相显微镜和x一射线衍射等分析测试手段对钎焊过程中所形成的反应产物和接头界面结构进行了分析。结果表明：接头界面形成了Ti（s．s）、AS（s．s）、Ti—Cu金属问化合物等反应产物。连接温度较低（920℃）时,界面结构依次为1Cr18Ni9Ti／TiCu／Ag（s．s）＋少量Ti2cu／％2cu／Ti2cu＋Ti（s．s）／TC4;连接温度升高（960oC）时,界面结构为1Crl8Ni9Ti／Ti：Cu／Ti：Cu＋矩（s．s）／Ti2Cu／Ti2Cu＋Ti（s．s）／TCA;连接温度较高（1000oC）时,界面结构为1Crl8Ni9Ti／TiCu2／TiCu／Ti2Cu／Ti：Cu＋Ti（s．s）／TC4。提高钎焊温度与延长保温时间对钎焊接头界面组织结构有相似的影响,各反应相、反应层逐渐长大,金属问化合物反应相所占比例增大,而Ag（s．s）组织所占的比例变得更小,这种趋势随着焊接工艺参数的提高更加明显。     

A corrosion study of nickel–copper and nickel–copper–palladium welding filler metals

In an effort to reduce the release of fumes containing carcinogenic Cr⁶⁺ during arc welding of stainless steel, Cr‐free filler metals for welding of SS304 have been developed. Corrosion studies were carried out on 304L stainless steel samples welded with these Cr‐free consumables. The corrosion properties of gas tungsten arc (GTA) and shielded metal arc (SMA) welds fabricated with Ni? Cu and Ni? Cu? Pd consumables were found to be comparable to those of welds fabricated with SS308L, the standard filler metal used with SS304. Although the breakdown potentials of the welds made using both welding processes were lower than that of the SS308L GTA weld, the repassivation potentials of these welds were much higher. Generally, the repassivation potential is a more conservative measure of susceptibility to localized corrosion. Accordingly, the Ni? Cu and Ni? Cu? Pd welds were more resistant to crevice corrosion than SS308L welds. The addition of a small amount of Pd improved the corrosion resistance relative to Ni? Cu welds, which is consistent with previous studies from specially‐prepared button samples and bead‐on‐plate samples. Other corrosion studies such as creviced and uncreviced long time immersion, atmospheric exposure, and slow strain rate testing suggest that Ni? Cu? Pd filler metal can be a potential replacement for the conventional SS308L filler metal for joining SS304.     

过氧化氢环境下1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢与不同陶瓷配副的摩擦学行为

本文研究了ZrO_2, Si₃N₄ 和SiC三种陶瓷配副对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢在90%的H₂O₂溶液中摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明,1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢在该环境下的摩擦学性能受配副的影响明显。 与ZrO₂对磨,发生了粘着行为,导致了大的摩擦系数(0.17~0.27)和最高的1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢磨损量。与SiC对磨,发生了氧化和水解反应,形成的胶体膜起到了润滑作用,导致了小的摩擦系数(0.035)和最低的1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢磨损量。粘着行为和水解反应均发生于1Cr18Ni9Ti/Si₃N₄的磨损过程中,粘着与保护膜的耦合,导致了复杂的摩擦系数。对于配副,ZrO₂的磨损体积最大,SiC次之,Si₃N₄表面有粘着层,因此磨损体积最小。     

Strength and interfacial microstructure of Si3N4 joint brazed with amorphous Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu filler metal

In this paper, the vacuum brazing of Si3N4 ceramic was carried oat with Ti40Zr25Ni15Cu20 amorphous filler metal. The interfacial microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) etc. According to the analysis, the interface reaction layer was made up of TiN abut on the ceramic and the Ti-Si, Zr-Si compounds. The influence of brazing temperature and holding time on the joint strength was also studied. The results shows that the joint strength first increased and then decreased with the increasing of halding time and brazing temperature. The joint strength was significantly affected by the thickness of the reaction layer. Under the same experimental conditions, the joint brazed with amorphous filler metal exhibits much higher strength compared with the one brazed with crystalline filler metal with the same composition. To achieve higher joint strength at relatively low temperature, it is favorable to use the amorphous filler metal than the crystalline filler metal.     

DD3高温合金与Ti3AlC2陶瓷的真空钎焊

通过对比试验优选出了合适钎料,并进行了后续钎焊试验.在钎焊温度800~900℃,保温时间为10 min的条件下,采用Ag-Cu-Ti钎料实现了DD3镍基高温合金与Ti₃AlC₂陶瓷的真空钎焊连接.利用扫描电镜、能谱仪、XRD等对接头的界面结构进行了分析.结果表明,接头的典型界面结构为DD3/AlNi/Al₃(Ni,Cu)₅+Al(Ni,Cu)+Ag_ss/(Al,Ti)₃(Ni,Cu)₅/Al₄Cu₉+AlNi₂Ti+Ag_ss/TiAg/Ti₃AlC₂.接头的力学性能测试表明,在钎焊温度为850℃,保温时间为10 min的条件下,接头的最高抗剪强度可达135.9 MPa,断裂发生在靠近钎缝的Ti₃AlC₂陶瓷侧.降低和提高钎焊温度对接头界面组织影响不大,但接头强度有一定程度下降.     

钛铝基合金与4种陶瓷界面反应的研究

借助SEM和差热分析(DTA),研究了Ti48Al2Cr2Nb合金与Y2O3、ZrO2(Y2O3稳定)、ZrO2(MgO稳定)和锆英砂4种陶瓷耐火材料界面反应后金属侧的显微组织,并测定了Ti48Al2Cr2Nb合金与Y2O3、ZrO2(Y2O3稳定)、ZrO2(MgO稳定)和锆英砂4种陶瓷耐火材料的初始反应温度.结果表明,Ti48Al2Cr2Nb合金与锆英砂反应后的显微组织最粗大,为菊花状,而与Y2O3反应产物最细小均匀,为颗粒状;4种陶瓷材料对Ti48Al2Cr2Nb合金的初始反应温度依次为:1500,1400,1380和820℃.     

铜基钎料高温钎焊不锈钢晶间贯穿机理的研究

本文阐述了铜基钎料钎焊1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢时晶间贯穿的特点。区分了铜基钎科和含硼钎料在贯穿形态和贯穿机理上的本质差异,发现铜基钎料的晶间贯穿与其润湿铺展有联系,并通过紫铜和铜锰钴钎料在不锈钢表面的润湿铺展研究证明,铜基钎料的润湿铺展具有三维空间的模型。富锕的Cu-Mn液相沿基体金属二维钎焊表面晶界沟槽润湿铺展的同时,也沿基体金属内部晶界润湿,从而造成晶间贯穿。通常铜基钎料的晶间贯穿不形成脆性相,因而不会恶化接头性能,但若钎焊过程存在拉应力,则可能产生沿晶断裂破坏。     

SiO2玻璃陶瓷与TC4钛合金的活性钎焊

分别采用活性钎料AgCuTi和TiZrNiCu对SiO2陶瓷和TC4钛合金进行了钎焊连接,使用扫描电镜和X射线衍射等手段对接头的界面组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,采用两种钎料均能够实现对SiO2陶瓷和TC4钛合金的连接;SiO2/TiZrNiCu/TC4接头的典型界面为SiO2/Ti2O+Zr3Si2+Ti5Si3/(Ti,Zr)+Ti2O+TiZrNiCu/Ti基固溶体/TiZr-NiCu+Ti基固溶体+Ti2(Cu,Ni)/TC4;SiO2,AgCuTi/TC4接头的典型界面为SiO2/TiSi2+Ti4O7/TiCu+Cu2Ti4 O/Ag基固溶体+Cu基固溶体/TiCu/Ti2Cu/Ti+Ti2 Cu/TC4.当钎焊温度为880℃和保温时间为5 min时,SiO2/TiZrNiCu/TC4接头的最高抗剪强度为23 MPa;当钎焊温度为900℃和保温时间为5 min时,SiO2/AgCuTi/TC4接头的最高抗剪强度为27MPa.