填料对聚合物基复合材料摩擦学行为的影响

本文综述了用于聚合物填充增强改性的填料种类、对摩擦学性能的影响以及填料的作用机理，同时讨论了填料的表面改性以及填料的选择标准。提出了今后研究填料对聚合物改性研究应注意的问题，从而对研究、开发、应用性能优异的聚合物基复合材料具有指导意义。     

聚合物改性水泥基材料性能和机理研究进展

论述了聚合物改性水泥基材料的性能和机理研究进展.性能研究进展方面主要从聚合物改性、聚合物和外加剂复合改性以及聚合物和其他填料复合改性水泥基材料3个方面进行了讨论.而聚合物改性机理则从聚合物改性水泥基材料的微观结构、聚合物对水泥水化的影响以及聚合物与无机胶凝相间的相互作用等方面进行了讨论.     

碳纤维/聚合物复合材料摩擦学改性研究进展

综述了碳纤维/聚合物复合材料摩擦学改性的研究进展情况,重点分析讨论了碳纤维表面改性、固体润滑剂共混改性、纤维混杂复合改性以及纳米粒子填充改性对碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料摩擦学性能影响的微观机制,并指出多元、多尺度功能性填料协同复合增强是改善该复合材料摩擦学性能的重要手段。     

功能填料表面修饰对聚合物基复合材料电磁屏蔽性能影响研究进展

对于自身不具备电磁屏蔽性能的聚合物材料而言,加入功能填料是赋予其屏蔽性能的主要方法。然而,简单的填充并不能达到上述目的,填料表面的功能化修饰对聚合物基复合材料电磁屏蔽性能具有重要影响。文中总结了填料表面功能化修饰的主要方法,包括化学镀、表面炭化、包覆聚合物、表面接枝和表面生长金属有机骨架（MOF）等,讨论了各种表面修饰对聚合物基复合材料性能产生的改性效果及最终对电磁屏蔽效能的影响,并对相关研究的未来发展提出了建议。     

氮化硼及其在导热复合材料中的研究进展

目的 从氮化硼的表面改性、取向结构、形态含量以及杂化填料等4个方面介绍氮化硼填充导热复合材料的基础研究进展,为导热聚合物在电子封装领域的应用提供一定的研究思路。方法 通过对近年来国内外的相关文献进行分析和总结,归纳出微/纳氮化硼的产业化制备方法以及产品性能,并介绍微/纳氮化硼填料对聚合物基复合材料导热性能影响的研究情况。结论 氮化硼各方面均具有优异的性能,可用于制备填充型高导热复合材料。     

SL法用光固化树脂中聚合物填充剂对收缩性影响研究

本文用聚合物填料对SL用光敏树脂进行改性处理 ,研究了填料量对树脂粘度、密度、固化速度 ,以及对固态聚合物密度、线收缩、和体收缩的影响 ,并经激光快速成型机验证 ,获得了一种用于激光快速成型的实际可行低收缩性光敏树脂     

高岭土表面改性及技术加工现状

高岭土储量丰富,价格便宜,是一种重要的化工原材料,我国是高岭土资源大国。高岭土作为聚合物的功能性填料时,不仅能降低聚合物产品的成本,还能提高其力学性能、耐热性、阻燃性。但是高岭土与聚合物两者相容性差,容易在聚合物基体中发生团聚,需要对其表面改性才能分散均匀于聚合物基体中。本文介绍了高岭土改性的方法以及改性高岭土填料的应用,提出了高岭土改性存在的问题及发展建议。     

Ni/MH电池用聚合物电解质改性机理及其研究进展

聚合物电解质具有负极腐蚀小、安全、易加工等优点,在镍氢电池中具有较高的应用价值,但综合性能仍未达到实用要求,改性是提高其性能的主要手段.从基体结构的改性、掺加无机填料、碱性成分的选择等方面综述了聚合物电解质的改性机理及研究进展,并对各改性方法进行了分析比较,同时展望了聚合物Ni/MH电池的应用前景.     

功能性填料改性聚合物材料的摩擦学研究进展

聚合物材料因其质轻、价廉、耐腐蚀以及优异的自润滑特性而广泛应用于工程机械润滑领域中。加入功能性减摩和增强填料复合改性聚合物树脂可以克服本征型高分子材料的一些固有缺陷,得到低摩擦因数、高耐磨性、高承载力以及耐高温等优异特性的摩擦学复合材料。本文综述了功能性填料如碳基材料、过渡金属硫化物、微胶囊、软金属、陶瓷纳米颗粒、矿物盐以及自润滑高分子对复合材料的减摩抗磨效果及机理。同时,力学性能是保证聚合物材料服役性能和使役寿命的关键参数,也会对材料的摩擦学性能带来显著影响。本文还重点论述了纳米颗粒和纤维等填料对复合材料的增强和增韧机理。最后,展望了功能性填料对力学性能与摩擦学性能的协效作用,以及计算机模拟在复合材料摩擦学中应用的发展趋势。     

耐高温聚合物及其复合材料的摩擦学性能研究进展

综述了聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、聚苯酯(Ekonol)、聚酰亚胺(PI)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)等几种耐高温聚合物及其复合材料的摩擦学性能的研究现状;并分析了不同种类的填料,如聚合物混合填充、固体润滑剂、纤维、无机化合物以及无机纳米粒子等对耐高温聚合物基复合材料摩擦学性能的影响,许多研究结果表明,适量填料的加入能改善聚合物基复合材料的摩擦学性能,特别是几种填料的协同作用对改善摩擦学性能有更明显的效果.     

填充聚合物分解热效应对锥形量热法测热结果的影响

研究了应用锥形量热仪测量填充聚合物复合材料燃烧的热释放速率时。填料的分解热效应对测量结果的影响．结果表明,若不对锥形量热仪所测得的结果进行校正,则对强分解吸热的填料,测量结果偏高．定量研究表明,对氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁填料,当氢氧化铝填料的质量分率为80％时．基于PP、PM．MA和PVC的复合材料的燃烧热分别减少了11．1％、19．3％和29．2％;当氢氧化镁填料的质量分率达到80％时。基于PP、PMMA和PVC的复合材料的燃烧热分别减少了13．2％、22．9％和34．7％．在此情况下．测量结果存在很大误差．并且其具体值还因聚合物而异．文中在定量研究的基础上．提出了一种利用分解焓对锥形量热仪测定的有效燃烧热值进行校正的方法。并给出了校正后的结果同原实验值的比较。     

不同填料复配对尼龙6/石墨烯复合材料导热性能的影响

高分子材料的绝热特性极大地限制了其作为导热材料在工业中的应用。选用多层石墨烯作为导热填料,并分别与导热填料氧化铝(Al_2O_3)和碳化硅(SiC)复配,探究导热填料的复配对尼龙6(PA6)复合材料导热性能的影响。加入质量分数为3%石墨烯时,PA6复合材料的热导率为0.548W·m^-1·K^-1,相比PA6基体提高161%。通过调节石墨烯与Al_2O_3和SiC复配的比例以及复合填料量,PA6复合材料的热导率可控在0.653~4.307W·m^-1·K^-1之间,最高是PA6基体的20倍。为拓展石墨烯在导热材料方面的应用及PA6导热材料在工业上应用提供了有价值的实验依据。     

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy study of an organic–mineral composite for bone and dental substitute materials

A new injectable biomaterial for bone and dental surgery is a composite consisting of a polymer as a matrix and bioactive calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics as fillers. The stability of the polymer is essential in the production of a ready-to-use injectable sterilized biomaterial. The purpose of this study was to detect possible polymer degradation which may have been caused by the interaction with the fillers using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Composites containing CaP fillers (biphasic calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite and peroxidized hydroxyapatite) and polymer (hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose) were prepared. To investigate the properties of the polymer, the inorganic and organic phases of the composite were separated using several extraction methods. The difficulty in separating the organic (polymer) from the mineral (CaP fillers) phases in the composite investigated in this study suggested the presence of strong interactions between the two phases. Spectra of extracted polymers showed new absorption bands of low intensities and indications that some chemical modifications of the original polymers have occurred. Results also indicated that the filler composition has an effect on the integrity of the polymer.     

Nonlinear fillers in electrical insulating materials

Nonlinear composite dielectric materials can be formed through the inclusion of appropriate fillers in polymers. Depending on the type of filler used, the composite material can then possess either an electrical field-dependent conductivity (FDC) or an electrical field-dependent permittivity (FDP). These nonlinear properties can then be used for the purposes of electrical stress relief in insulation systems with divergent electric fields, reducing the intensity of highly stressed regions. FDC polymer composites are formed through the inclusion of narrow-band gap semiconductive fillers in a polymer matrix and can be used for electrical stress relief in both AC and DC applications. FDP materials on the other hand use ferroelectric fillers in polymers; however, the stress-relieving properties of these materials are only realisable under AC fields. The paper reports on the electrical characterisation of both of these stress-relieving materials, with the criteria required for them to function. The materials that have been studied in these investigations take the form of zinc oxide in epoxy resin and barium titanate in an acrylic resin, respectively. Improvements in thermal conductivity are also reported as a consequence of the introduction of these fillers     

碳酸钙填料对不饱和聚酯树脂体积收缩的影响及其机制

研究了CaCO₃填料对不饱和聚酯树脂（UP）体积收缩性能的影响,通过SEM、DSC、TG和溶胀实验研究了其作用机制。填料的加入导致填料/UP复合体系的体积收缩率先上升,后下降;用偶联剂对填料进行表面处理后加入复合体系中发现,复合体系的体积收缩率变小。填料主要通过以下3个方面影响复合体系的体积收缩：填料取代了部分树脂,有利于体系的体积收缩率下降;复合体系固化后在填料及UP界面处形成空隙,有利于复合体系体积收缩率的降低;填料抑制苯乙烯的挥发,导致体系中不饱和聚酯固化密度增大,使体系体积收缩率上升。偶联剂的加入增加了填料与树脂的界面作用力,且可使苯乙烯的挥发量增加,导致其交联密度下降,使体积收缩率下降。     

水声吸声高分子材料的发展及应用

综述了水声吸声材料的发展、应用状况及吸声机理的研究进展。     

炭黑填充多组分高分子导电复合材料的研究进展

基体为多组分高分子的填充型导电复合材料中存在“双逾渗”行为,能有效地降低导电填料的逾渗阈值,克服由填料含量过高而导致的材料加工性和力学性能下降的缺点,并能削弱材料的负温度系数(NTC)效应。本文基于国内外炭黑(CB)填充多组分高分子导电复合材料的研究进展,对CB分布、多组分高分子基体对材料体系导电性的影响、导电机理以及电导-温度依赖性等方面进行评述。     

Study of the influence of Chitosan on selected properties of elastomeric blends

The current trend of greening production is increasingly bringing to the fore alternative types of fillers, such as biofillers, which are obtained from renewable sources or waste [1, 2]. Unfortunately, biofillers cannot be used as majority fillers due to their incompatibility with elastomer matrices and high biodegradability susceptibility [3, 4]. Therefore, the way to their efficient industrial use leads through supplementary fillers to the commonly used inorganic fillers and the partial replacement of these fillers in the blend. The influence of Chitosan as the majority filler has been investigated and its combination with carbon black filler on the elastomeric matrix of natural rubber was investigated in the presented work. The results were compared with natural rubber blends filled exclusively with carbon black. Natural rubber blends with different content of Chitosan and carbon black and their various combinations were subjected to the determination of vulcanization parameters, mechanical properties before and after thermo-oxidative aging, and scanning electron microscopy. Although the scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the expected negative impact of Chitosan as the majority filler on the tensile properties of the vulcanizate, its significant impact on the main vulcanization parameters such as scorch time and optimal vulcanization time was also demonstrated. In the case of blends with a combination of carbon black and Chitosan, it has been shown that Chitosan, in addition to the filler function, also acts as an antioxidant agent through its functional groups, limiting the process of degradation of mechanical properties of natural rubber blends due to their thermo-oxidative aging. It can be concluded that precisely because of its antioxidant and anti-degradation effects, Chitosan can be, in addition to carbon black filler, an excellent additional filler for elastomeric blends.     

添加填料的聚乙烯和聚丙烯的热氧化和光氧化的研究

用红外光谱及力学性能测试方法研究了添加填料的聚乙烯和聚丙烯的热氧化和光氧化。发现碳酸钙可加速PE和PP的光氧化,但却抑制其热氧化。填料滑石粉对PP的热和光氧化有类似的作用。同时,添加经铁酸酯偶联剂处理的碳酸钙和滑石粉的PE和PP的热和光氧化速率都比添加未经处理的填料的PE和PP的相应速率大,表明铁酸酯偶联剂具有一定的促进PE和PP氧化的作用。     

Rheologisches Verhalten hochgefüllter Kunststoffe. Einfluss der Füllstoffe

Rheological behavior of high filled polymers. Influence of fillers The viscose properties of high filled thermoplastic composites were studied. It was shown that the rheological properties of high filled plastics depend generally on behavior of the flow of a matrix polymer, the structure of the disperse phase, the interaction between the polymer and the filler and between separate particles. In the work a theoretical relation between filled and unfilled polymer as a function of the filler content and interactions between components was presented. On the basis of the developed model a stochastic structure of filled material and non‐linear viscose properties of the polymer melt can be considered.