943颜料分散剂对酞菁蓝－醇酸清漆体系分散稳定性的影响

本文用流变性方法分析了酞菁蓝－醇酸清漆分散体系的分散稳定性，同时用沉降和透射电镜等直接方法对分散体系的分散稳定性进行了确证。结果表明，添加了９４３颜料分散剂的酞菁蓝－醇酸体系的分散稳定性变好，其流动行为趋近宾汉流体；而未加分散剂的酞菁蓝－醇酸清漆体系中，酞菁蓝粒子易沉降、返粗，其流动曲线形成明显的触变环。     

943颜料分散剂对酞菁蓝—醇酸清漆体系分散稳定性的影响

本文用流变性方法分析了酞菁蓝－醇酸清漆分散体系的分散稳定性，同时用沉降和透射电镜等直接方法对分散体系的分散稳定性进行了确证。结果表明，添加了９４３颜料分散剂的酞菁蓝－醇酸体系的分散稳定性变化，其流动行为趋近宾汉流体；而未加分散的酞菁蓝－醇酸清漆体系中，酞菁蓝粒子易沉降，返粗，其流动曲线形成明显的触变环。     

943颜料分散剂对炭黑－甲苯体系分散稳定性的影响

本文用流变性测定方法分析了炭黑－甲苯分散体系的分散稳定性，同时用沉降和显微镜等直接方法对分散体系的分散稳定性进行了确证，结果表明，添加了９４３颜料分散剂的炭黑－甲苯体系的分散稳定性获得明显改善，其流动行为趋近牛顿流体。而未加分散剂的炭黑－甲苯体系中，炭黑粒子易于沉降返祖。其流动曲线形成明显的触变环。     

HGB的分散性对ABS/HGB复合材料流动行为的影响

通过电子显微镜观测丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物(ABS)/中空玻璃微珠(HGB)复合体系的微观形貌。分析了HGB在聚合物基体中的分散情况。结果表明：复合体系中HGB分散良好;ABS/HGB流动曲线线性良好。随着HGB体积分数增大,复合体系的黏度也随之增大,黏流活化能增大。     

三价铬电镀用氧化物涂层钛电极的电化学行为

采用极化曲线、循环伏安曲线及钝化曲线研究了三价铬电镀用含IrO2涂层钛电极的电化学行为.电极表面的扫描电镜照片表明,部分IrO2分散在针状结晶中,其余则分散在非晶相中.分析了三价铬镀铬过程中产生六价铬的原因.所研制的I型氧化物涂层钛电极具有高的析氧活性,其电催化活性与国外某公司的钛电极相当.在三价铬镀铬过程中,采用该电极连续电解120 A·h后,镀液中无Cr(Ⅵ)产生.     

梯度稀释用于流动注射光度法测定炉水中的磷

流动注射分析具有试样区带在时间空间上的分散高度重现这一特点。据此,提出利用流动注射梯度稀释技术来分析炉水中的磷。试验中采集标准样扫描曲线上不同延迟时间点对应的吸光度数据,建立起一系列不同稀释程度的校准曲线。该方法快速简便,含磷水样不经稀释就可直接进行测定。     

用混炼功率曲线控制混炼胶质量

介绍混炼功率曲线在控制和改善混炼胶质量方面的应用。混炼功率曲线可以用来查看密炼机功率消耗、了解橡胶混炼过程,除可显示混炼各阶段的进展情况外,还能在一定程度上表征混炼胶料各组分的分散效果。通过分析功率曲线,在改进加油点、密炼机填充因数和排胶时间后,使混炼周期缩短,能源消耗降低。     

基于电化学分析的聚氨酯膜性能研究

本研究使用电分析技术对比不同型号的商品化聚氨酯分散体的性质。通过测试聚氨酯膜电极的电流-时间曲线、交流阻抗谱和线性电位扫描曲线,分析不同聚氨酯膜在润湿速度、透水性和透氧率等方面的差异。本研究还分析和讨论了氯化钾对聚氨酯成膜过程、聚氨酯膜结构和性质的影响。本研究表明,在传感器开发中可以通过电分析技术对聚氨酯材料进行初步筛选,为聚氨酯膜配方设计提供支持,具有较高的实用价值。     

混凝土用硅灰粒度分布参数检测条件的研究

为了准确快速测量混凝土用硅灰的粒度分布,以中位径(D50)和粒度分布曲线为评价指标,采用激光粒度仪系统研究了分散剂种类、分散剂浓度、硅灰在介质中浓度、超声分散时间、分散温度以及超声分散频率对硅灰检测结果的影响.结果表明,激光粒度分析仪适用于硅灰粒度分布的检测,且具有高度重复性.六偏磷酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠对硅灰具有显著的分散效果,六偏磷酸钠作为硅灰分散剂的最佳浓度为0.5～1.1 g/L.未使用分散剂时,硅灰最佳分散条件为5 ～ 15 g/L分散浓度、10 min分散时间、40℃分散温度和40 kHz分散频率;六偏磷酸钠加入后,硅灰最佳分散条件为5 ～30 g/L分散浓度、5 min分散时间、20℃分散温度和32 kHz分散频率.     

分散介质对纳米二氧化硅分散体系流变性能的影响研究

测定了不同分散介质以及同一分散介质不同相对分子质量、不同温度下的纳米二氧化硅分散体系的流变性能并进行了比较,得出以下结论：随着分散介质相对分子质量的增加,分散体系的粘度增加,固液间氢键作用力减弱,分散体系所需临界剪切应力减小;当分散介质的相对分子质量提高到一定程度后,固液间氢键作用力更弱,加上分子链增长造成空间位阻效应,纳米二氧化硅难于以三维网状立体结构存在于分散介质中,不会出现先剪切变稀后剪切增稠的流变曲线。分散体系所处的温度越高,体系的粘度越低,剪切增稠所需临界剪切应力越大,剪切增稠效果越差,甚至不出现先剪切变稀再剪切增稠的流变曲线。因此选择合适的分散介质及分散温度对改善纳米二氧化硅分散体系的流变性能有积极作用。     

Textile colour matching using linear and exponential weighted principal component analysis

In this work, linear and exponential weighted principal component analysis techniques based on spectral similarity were employed for the prediction of dye concentration in coloured fabrics, which had been dyed with three component dye mixtures. The matching strategy was based on the equalisation of the first three principal component coordinates of the weighted reflectance curves of the predicted and target sample in a dynamic 3D eigenvector space. The performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated by the root mean square differences of the reflectance curves and the relative error of the concentration prediction, as well as the metamerism index. The obtained results indicated that the developed exponential weighted principal component analysis method is more accurate than the spectrophotometric method and the simple principal component analysis matching strategy.     

The second vs. the third moment matching between diffusion models for dynamic adsorber

Four diffusion models for the dynamic adsorber, i.e. LDF model, single diffusivity diffusion model, two diffusivity diffusion model for beds packed with bidisperse and/or zeolite-type particles, were considered. The third moments for the four diffusion models were obtained. Relations between the system parameters involved in each model were derived by matching mean, vanance or the third moment between diffusion models. The two relations from either variance or the third moment matching were examined to investigate which one is superior when model simplification is required, by comparing the time domain elution curves for the single and the two diffusivity diffusion models. For the symmetric elution curves, relation from the variance matching is much better as expected, than the relation matching the third moment which measures skewness about mean. As the elution curves become highly asymmetric, eluting shortly after injection and exhibiting long tailing due to both the small intraparticle diffusivities and small space time in the adsorber, either relation failed to satisfactorily simplify the two diffusivity diffusion model. Contrary to the expectation that the third moment matching would work better in the asymmetric curves due to the nature of the third moment, variance matching still gives slightly better results. Relation from the variance, instead of the third moment, matching is strongly recommended for model simplification due to its simplicity in formula.     

Absorption of Dyes by Keratin under Near Neutral Conditions*

The absorption by keratin of the monobasic dye Orange II (C.I. Acid Orange 7) and the dibasic dye Sunset Yellow FCF (C.I. Food Yellow 3) from a dyebath containing the sodium salt of the dye and different amounts of sodium chloride at two pH values (5.1 and 6 0) was studied. Salting-on and salting-off were observed with Orange II but not with Sunset Yellow. Theoretical curves were constructed to fit the empirical absorption isotherms. A constant affinity term enabled a fit with the Orange II curves to be obtained, but an affinity term that decreased with increasing salt concentration was required to obtain a fit with the Sunset Yellow curves. The effect of these factors on the diffusion coefficients of the dye anions in the presence of salt is discussed.     

Statistical investigation of the cotton dyeing kinetics of CI Reactive Black 5 dye

In this study, the dyeing kinetics of CI Reactive Black 5 dye was statistically investigated. Cotton fabrics were dyed with this dye under different conditions by the exhaustion technique. Dye samples were taken from the dyebath from the start to the end of the process at 10 min intervals in order to determine the percentage dye exhaustion. The transmittance of the coloured dyebath samples was measured using a UV‐vis spectrophotometer. The results were investigated by statistical methods using analysis of variance and regression curves. The dye exhaustion of the cotton fabrics was found to change as a function of the dyeing parameters. Times of half‐dyeing were determined from the regression curves.     

立方体溴化银颗粒光谱增感的电子转移超快动力学研究

本文利用皮秒时间分辨条纹相机技术检测了3种染料在立方颗粒溴化银上吸附后形成聚集体的荧光光谱,分析了3种染料在不同染料浓度下对染料聚集体到溴化银导带的超快电子转移过程的影响,进而分析其对增感效率的影响关系,并探讨了增感过程的微观机理.实验结果表明,荧光衰减的动力学曲线与一个双指数函数拟合得相当好,存在一快一慢两个衰减成分,快衰减成分占拟合较大比例,表明其源于与荧光衰减相竞争的从激发态染料聚集体到AgBr导带的电子转移.光致电子转移的速率及增感效率随着染料相对浓度的增加表现出一定的变化趋势,染料浓度增加,增感效率减小.     

Investigation of electrochemical degradation and application of e-paper dyes in organic solvents

To avoid environmental pollution due to organic dye solutions, the electrophoresis and degradation of dye in organic solvents such as alcohol were investigated. Many dyes were tested in the Indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode driving cell, and about 15 dyes moved under voltage driving. Both the curves of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and infrared (IR) spectra of the electrophoresis samples showed that the metal complexes Red 04 and Acid Black 1 were degradable in alcohol solution by electrochemical reaction. The cyclic volt-ampere curves of the samples from the electrochemical working station proved that electrochemical reactions took place. Based on the analysis of UV-Vis and IR spectra, the electrochemical degradation products of azo and metal complex azo dyes at lower voltage driving (1-5 V) in organic solvents are oxidized azobenzene, not hydrazine, which was found in the electrochemical degradation of dye water solutions. When the ITOelectrode is modified by a polyimide (PI) film to a thickness less than 4 μm, the electrochemical degradation of the dye in alcohol solution will not appear in the cyclic volt-ampere curves. A dye electrophoresis in organic solution flexible prototype e-paper display was formed and the display picture is shown.     

超临界CO2流体中染料溶解度研究进展

综述了超临界CO2流体中染料溶解度的测试装置与方法。分析了超临界CO2流体工艺参数与染料化学结构对分散染料溶解度的影响规律；总结了国内外近二十年的分散染料在超临界CO2流体中溶解度数据，并介绍了分散染料在超临界CO2中的溶解度增溶技术。指出加强染料结构对其溶解性能作用原理及影响规律剖析，超临界CO2中染料溶解行为数据库构建，染料拼色与配色研究三方面为未来的研究重点。     

Pore size dependence of self-assembled type photonic crystal on dye-sensitized solar cells efficiency utilising Chlorine e6

There are few reports on photoelectric conversion efficiency using naturally-occurring dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). This is because the matching with an excited electronic level of naturally-occurring dye to the conduction band of semiconductor is problematic; the excited electrons are easily relaxed to the steady state with fluorescence or heat emission. We examined the fluorescence inhibition effect of a self-assembled photonic crystal using Chlorine e6 dye. Chlorine e6 is derived from chlorophyll and has a long excited electron lifetime. We prepared TiO₂ inverse opals with various particle sizes by liquid phase deposition and described their effect on DSSCs with regard to structural, optical and electrochemical properties. In addition, we explored the implications of fluorescence lifetime measurements relative to the photonic band diagram and the amount of adsorbed dye. Although the main factor affecting the external photoelectric conversion efficiency was the diffusion resistance of the electrolyte and the contact resistance between TiO₂ interfaces, the possibility that the dye fluorescence lifetime, i.e. the photonic band structure, can affect the internal quantum efficiency per one dye molecule was also investigated.     

Determination of colour sensitivity of dye mixtures for disperse dyes

A method has been developed to quantify the colour sensitivity of a dye mixture. In this method, the concept of the colour sensitivity of matching recipes has been developed so that it covers variations, not only in dye concentrations, but also in dyeing parameters. Firstly, the 'individual colour sensitivity' of a dye mixture to a specific dyeing parameter was quantified by comparing the colour difference between the resulting shade from a normal dyeing condition and that produced by giving a change to the parameter. These resultant data were used to calculate the total colour sensitivity covering the factors, temperature, time and liquor ratio, with a model established based on CMC(2:1) equation. This calculated result simulates the reproducibility of a dye mixture in the dyeing application under certain accuracy of the dyeing process control. A set of dye recipes was applied by dyeing to verify the calculation with disperse dyes on polyester.     

Mechanism of Reaction of Proteins with Reactive Dyes:III—Reactivity of Soluble Proteins with Chlorotriazine Dyes

The reactivities of ten soluble proteins with a monochlorotriazine reactive dye were measured under various conditions and compared with those of mixtures of simple model compounds representing the reactive groups of the proteins. Both sets of results agreed wellwith reactivity curves calculated from measurements of the individual model compounds. The mechanisms of the reactions between the dye and proteins are discussed with reference to the dyeing of wool and other proteinaceous fibres.