毛细管电泳法测定动物肝脏中的谷胱甘肽

建立了以0.07 mol·L-1Na2HPO4-0.07 mol·L-1 KH2PO4的混合体系(pH7.38)为运行缓冲液,在230 nm紫外检测波长下,用毛细管电泳法测定鸡和猪肝脏中谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量.结果表明:在最佳电泳条件下, GSH在5.0×10-6~1.0×10-3mol·L-1的范围内有良好的线性关系,r=0.9997,最低检出限为1.6×10-6 mol·L-1;加标回收率在94.81%~99.02%之间,RSD在1.56%~3.25%之间;该方法操作简便,快速,可靠性高,可用于动物肝脏中的谷胱甘肽含量的测定.     

超灵敏胍修饰Co(Ⅱ)-BSA络合吸附波测定痕量钴

在0.1 mol·L-1的NaOH介质中,胍修饰的Co(Ⅱ)-BSA于-1.70 V左右(vs.SCE)产生一个超灵敏的络合吸附波,该波一阶导数波高与Co(Ⅱ)浓度在6.8×10-10～ 1.7×10-7 mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R=0.997,检测限可达3.0×10-10mol·L-1.该法具有操作简单、重现性好、灵敏度高、精密度高等特点.用于测定矿泉水和VB12药片中Co(Ⅱ)的含量,结果令人满意.     

铜(Ⅱ)-抗坏血酸-硫酸-硫氰酸钾极谱络合吸附波研究

用单扫描极谱法研究了Cu(Ⅱ)-H2SO4-硫氰酸钾体系的伏安行为,发现铜(Ⅱ)在抗坏血酸-H2SO4-硫氰酸钾试剂存在下,于-0.55 V(vs·SCE)左右产生一尖锐、灵敏的极谱波。经实验确定的最佳测定条件为:2.5 mol·L-1硫酸2m L,1%硫氰酸钾2 m L,10%抗坏血酸5 m L,铜(Ⅱ)的浓度在6.250×10-7~4.375×10-6mol·L-1范围内与相应的峰电流成线性关系好,回归方程为ip=348.98CCu(mol·L-1)-283.64,线性相关系数R为0.9993;最小检出浓度为4.0×10-7mol·L-1。方法用于人发中铜含量的测定,测定值与原子吸收光谱法测定值基本一致,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.7%~4.1%,加标回收率96.2%~102.3%。     

多壁碳纳米管修饰电极对巴西苏木素的定量测定

采用多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极测定巴西苏木素的含量,在优化条件下,巴西苏木素在pH为5.45的B-R缓冲液中在6.8×10-5~8.2×10-3mol.L-1浓度范围内与峰电流呈线性关系(R2=0.989,n=7),对应的线性回归方程为Ip(A)=1.17510-4C(mol.L-1)-5.73210-7,最低检出浓度为2.2×10-5mol.L-1。方法操作简单,灵敏度高。     

对乙酰氨基酚在聚L-赖氨酸膜修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

利用循环伏安法(CV)将L-赖氨酸电聚合修饰于玻碳电极表面,制备出对对乙酰氨基酚(ACOP)具有良好电催化作用的聚L-赖氨酸薄膜修饰电极,优化了底液、pH值、聚合圈数等测定条件,建立了一种直接测定ACOP的高灵敏度电分析方法.该方法测定ACOP的线性范围为5.0×10-7～1.0×10-4mol·L-1,R=0.9996;检出限可达1.0×10-7mol·L-1.对1.0×10-4mol·L-1的ACOP平行测定5次的相对标准偏差不大于3%.样品回收率在98.40%～100.80%之间.可用于实际样品的定量分析.     

磷酸锌中磷含量的快速测定

采用磷钒钼黄比色法测定磷酸锌中磷含量。当磷含量为0 ~10mg/L时,直线方程线性关系良好,符合郎伯-比尔定律,吸光系数为1. 7×104 L/(mol·cm)。对比测定结果表明,磷钒钼黄比色法对实际样品测定结果与磷钼酸喹啉重量法相近,变异系数RSD<5. 00%,可作为磷酸锌产品磷的简洁、快速测定。     

PVC-十二烷基苯磺酸钠碳糊修饰电极测定水中的镉离子

研究了镉离子在PVC-十二烷基苯磺酸钠碳糊修饰电极上的电化学行为,在pH 5.0的B-R缓冲溶液介质中,镉离子在阳极溶出伏安曲线的-0.78 V(vs.SCE)处有一个灵敏的氧化峰.优化了测定条件,建立了测定镉离子的分析方法.峰电流与镉离子的浓度在4.0×10-7～5.0×10-4mol·L-1范围内有良好的线性关系,线性方程为ip=0.1767 0.1055 lg(c×107),相关系数为0.9972,检出限为1.1×10-8mol·L-1.用该法测定了合成水样中的镉离子含量,回收率为98.5%～103%.     

单基发射药中二苯胺的极谱法测定

将单基发射药亚硝化后用单扫描方波极谱法测定溶液中的二苯胺(DPA)含量,用丙酮溶解单基发射药试样,使用组成与待测样品相同的单基标准样品作工作曲线.在5%丙酮/0.025 mol·L-1H2SO4/5.0×10-3 mol·L-1NaNO2底液中,测量DPA亚硝化产物在电位为-0.59 V(vs.SCE)的峰电流.结果表明,峰电流与DPA浓度在3.5×10-6～1.0×10-4 mol·L-1范围内具有良好的线性关系(γ=0.999).测定了单基发射药8/1-12样中的DPA含量,与溴化法测定结果一致.试验的加标回收率达98.2%～102.4%.     

谷胱甘肽电化学检测方法的研究

基于还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)与金属离子相互作用,从而影响其在金电极上的电化学响应,建立了一种灵敏、简便的GSH电化学检测方法。以铜(Ⅱ)或铬(Ⅵ)为信号离子,采用循环伏安法研究不同浓度的GSH对铜(Ⅱ)或铬(Ⅵ)在金电极上的电化学响应的影响规律。结果表明,铜(Ⅱ)和铬(Ⅵ)分别在0.28 V和0.25 V出现了较强的还原峰;当反应体系中加入不同浓度的GSH时,峰电流均下降,且铜(Ⅱ)和铬(Ⅵ)峰电流分别在1.0×10-8~8.0×10-8mol.L-1和1.0×10-11~7.0×10-11mol.L-1GSH浓度范围内与GSH浓度呈线性相关;铜(Ⅱ)和铬(Ⅵ)的GSH检测限分别为1.0×10-9mol.L-1和1.0×10-11mol.L-1。     

多巴胺在碳纳米管/普鲁士蓝复合膜修饰电极上的电化学行为及其选择性测定

先在玻碳电极(GCE)表面用电化学沉积法修饰普鲁士蓝(PB),然后修饰多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs),制成了碳纳米管/普鲁士蓝复合膜修饰电极(MWCNTs/PB/GCE).采用循环伏安法(CV)考察了该电极的电化学性能,发现该修饰电极对多巴胺(DA)具有良好的电催化作用和选择性,当等浓度的抗坏血酸(AA)与DA共存时,AA对DA的测定没有干扰.该方法测定多巴胺的线性范围为 5×10-6～1×10-4mol·L-1,R=0.9992,检出限可达5.0×10-7 mol·L-1(S/N=3),样品回收率在97.0%～105.7%之间.对针剂盐酸多巴胺进行测定,结果令人满意.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。