锰掺杂对PNW-PMS-PZT压电陶瓷结构和性能的影响

采用传统陶瓷工艺制备了Pb(Ni1/2W1/2)O3-Pb(Mn1/3Sb2/3)O3-Pb(Ti，Zr)O3-xMnO2压电陶瓷，分析了经1150℃烧结2h制备的陶瓷样品的相结构组成。实验结果表明：所有陶瓷样品均为钙钛矿相，未发现其它晶相。随着锰掺杂量的增加，陶瓷晶粒逐渐长大。研究了不同剂量的锰掺杂对压电陶瓷介电和压电性能的影响。结果表明：随着锰掺杂量的增加，材料逐渐变“硬”，当MnO2掺杂量少于0．2％(按质量计，下同)时，相对介电常数εr、压电常数d33和机械品质因数Qm逐渐增加，介电损耗tanδ减小；当MnO2掺杂量多于0．2％时，εr、d33和Qm逐渐降低，tanδ增加。随着锰掺杂量的增加，机电耦合系数kp和Curie温度θc逐渐减小。MnO2掺杂量为0．2％的压电陶瓷适合制作大功率压电陶瓷变压器。其压电性能为：εr=2138，tanδ=0．0058，kp=0．613，Qm=1275，d33=380pC／N和θc=205℃。     

PBSZT系大功率压电陶瓷极化工艺的研究

为探索大功率低损耗压电陶瓷材料的最佳制备工艺,对改性锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷Pb0.9Ba0.05Sr0.05(Sn1/3Nb2/3)0.06(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.06Ti0.44Zr0.44O3 0.5wt%MnO2 0.5wt%Sb2O3的极化工艺进行研究。结果表明,该体系的最佳极化电场为4Kv/mm,极化温度120℃左右,此时得到的陶瓷性能较佳。     

Sb3+掺杂Li0.02(Na0.53K0.48)0.98Nb0.8Ta0.2O3无铅压电陶瓷的电学性能

用传统的固相反应烧结法制备了Li0.02(Na0.53K0.48)0.98 Nb0.8Ta0.2O3-xSb2O3(LNKNT-xSb2O3)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了Sb3+掺杂对陶瓷晶体结构、显微结构及压电性能的影响.研究结果表明,Sb3+掺杂LNKNT陶瓷属于明显的“软性”掺杂,少量掺杂Sb3+能显著提高陶瓷的烧结及压电性能.当烧结温度为1100℃,掺杂量为2wt％时,LNKNT-0.02Sb陶瓷达到最好的压电性能:d33=193 pC/N,KP=49.5％,εr=779,Pr=16μC/cm2,应变达到2.3％,但机械品质因数QM从110.97降低到了85,介电损耗tanδ从1.66％增加到了2.01％.     

Cr2O3掺杂Pb(Mn1/3Sb2/3)0.05Zr0.47Ti0.48O3压电陶瓷的性质

探讨了Cr2O3掺杂对锑锰锆钛酸铅Pb（Mn1/3Sb2/3）0.05Zr0.47Ti0.48O3（简称PMSZT）压电陶瓷性能影响.通过X射线衍射,电子顺磁共振以及扫描电镜分析了PMSZT＋z Cr2O3（z=0.2%～0.8%,质量分数）陶瓷的相组成,元素价态以及显微结构.结果表明：合成温度900℃保温2 h后,可以得到钙钛矿结构.随着Cr2O3掺杂量的增大,四方相的含量减少,准同相界向三方相移动.掺杂Cr2O3的质量分数为0.6%时：相对介电常数εr=1 650,介电损耗tanδ=0.006,压电常数d33=328 pC/N,机电耦合系数Kp=0.63,机械品质因数Qm=2 300,电性能优于Cr2O3掺杂量为0.2%,0.4%,0.8%的样品,但比未掺杂时的稍差.随着Cr2O3掺杂量的增加,PMSZT陶瓷的Curie温度降低,谐振频率变化率随温度变化由正变负.     

镍掺杂PMS-PZ-PT三元系压电陶瓷压电性能及其热老化行为的研究

研究了Ni掺杂xPb(Mn1／3Sb2／3)O3-yPbZrO3-xPbTiO3(PMS-PZ-PT)三元系压电陶瓷的综合机电性能及其介电和压电性能的热老化行为。实验结果表明：适量的掺杂能显著优化体系的压电和介电性能;对于掺NiO量为0．2％(质量分数)的样品,在25,50,100℃时,其介电和压电性能的老化行为,与老化时间的对数呈线性关系;而在150℃和200℃时与老化时间的对数呈指数延伸规律。这一现象与陶瓷内部的畴结构有关。     

湿化学共沉淀法制备Sb掺杂SnO2粉体导电机理研究

采用化学共沉淀法,以SnCl4·5H2O和SbCl3为原料,制备了Sb掺杂SnO2（ATO）微晶粉体。电导率、XPS测试表明：Sb掺杂量、煅烧温度对Sb在SnO2晶粒中的分布、Sb价态的存在形式、电导率的变化有较大的影响。Sb掺杂SnO2（ATO）的导电机理由有效施主Sb^5＋和有效氧空位共同控制。当低摩尔分数（小于12％）掺杂或低温煅烧（小于500℃）时,Sb^3＋→SbSb^5＋,Sb^3＋／Sb^5＋〉1,Sb^5＋逐渐占主导地位,ATO的导电载流子浓度主要由有效施主Sb^5＋提供;当高摩尔分数（大于12％）掺杂或高温煅烧（大于500℃）时,Sb^5＋→Sb^3＋,Sb^5＋／Sb^3＋≤1,Sb^3＋逐渐占主导地位,ATO的导电载流子浓度主要由有效氧空位提供。     

稀土掺杂纳米固体超强酸催化合成乙酸苄酯的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法及改性技术制备了稀土掺杂纳米固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2-Y3＋催化剂,主要研究了它的制备、表征以及应用于催化合成乙酸苄酯,并用正交设计实验法确定了催化合成反应的最佳条件。实验结果表明：SO4^2-／TiO2-Y3＋具有良好的催化活性;在催化剂焙烧温度550℃,催化剂用量2．O％（质量分数）,反应物n（乙酸）：n（苯甲醇）=1：2．0,反应时间2．0h,带水剂苯用量15％（质量分数）的最佳条件下,乙酸苄酯的酯化率可达95％以上。     

掺杂对准同型相界附近PMN-PT陶瓷介电和铁电性能的影响

采用氧化物固相反应法制备了A、B位离子掺杂0．67Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）O3-0．33PbTiO3陶瓷,研究了掺杂对陶瓷的相结构、介电和铁电性能等的影响。Sm和La两种A位掺杂离子的引入,均较大幅度的降低了样品的介电常数峰温和声誉极化值,同时材料的最大介电常数也有了不同程度的降低。而随着B位离子Mn掺杂量的增加,使陶瓷样品中钙钛矿相逐渐增加,焦绿石相逐渐降低;而且部分掺杂的Mn离子会进入到晶格的B位,形成第二相;同时随着Mn离子掺杂量的增加,介电峰值逐渐增大,压电性能有所提高,弥散度依次增大。当锰掺杂量为1．5％mol时的压电陶瓷组分,其介电和压电性能各为：ε=2300,kp=0．54,Qm=900,tanδ=0．004,d33=400pC／N,适合于制作大功率压电陶瓷变压器。     

Preparation and Properties of （Na0.50＋xK0.50-2xLix）Nb0.9Ta0.1O3 Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics by Sol-Gel Method

采用溶胶–凝胶法制备Li＋取代（K0.5Na0.5）＋及Ta5＋取代Nb5＋的（K0.5Na0.5）NbO3陶瓷粉体,采用无压烧结工艺制备（Na0.50＋xK0.50–2xLix）Nb0.9Ta0.1O3（x=0,0.02,0.04）陶瓷样品。研究了前驱体煅烧温度对陶瓷粉体物相组成的影响。分析了不同Li＋掺杂量对样品物相组成、微观结构、体积密度及电学性能的影响。结果表明：前驱体的最佳煅烧温度为600℃,通过透射电子显微镜分析陶瓷粉体的粒径为49nm;不同Li＋掺杂量制备的（Na0.50＋xK0.50–2xLix）Nb0.9Ta0.1O3陶瓷样品均为正交相钙钛矿结构;随着Li＋掺杂量的增加,（Na0.50＋xK0.50–2xLix）Nb0.9Ta0.1O3陶瓷的体积密度先增大后减小,介电常数逐渐升高,压电常数先降低再升高,剩余极化强度逐渐升高。Li＋掺杂量x为0.04时样品的压电常数（d33=94pC/N）、相对介电常数（εr=684.33）及剩余极化强度（Pr=98.27μC/cm2）较好。     

稀土Er/Nb共掺Bi4Ti3O12高温铁电陶瓷的上转换发光及电性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用固相法制备Er^3＋掺杂铋层状结构陶瓷Bi4-xErxTi3O12-4％Nb2O5（BITN-xEr,0≤x≤0．25）。研究了不同Er^3＋含量对样品的结构、上转换发光与电性能的影响。XRD表明,所有样品均为正交相铋层状结构,并存在第二相Bi2Ti2O7。Raman光谱表明,Er^3＋取代了类钙钛矿层A位中的Bi^3＋,导致TiO6八面体的结构畸变。在980nm近红外光源激发下,所有掺杂样品均存在2个绿光和1个红光发射峰,当x=0．20时样品荧光强度达到最佳。随着掺杂量X的增加,Curie温度逐渐升高,压电系数（d33）和剩余极化强度（Pr）逐渐下降。当温度升高到〈300℃时,BITN-0．10Er样品仍有较高的压电活性（d22=21pC/N）和较好的热稳定性,表明该材料是一种具有潜在应用价值的多功能材料。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。