电炉炼钢底吹新技术

本文介绍了八十年代电炉底吹技术的新发展,电炉底吹的物理化学原理。电炉底吹供气元件的技术要求和国外普遍应用的定向供气元件——DPP型供气元件的结构和性能。普通电妒、炉底出钢电炉和偏心炉底出钢电炉底吹供气元件的合理布置方案和供气管路系统。西德、意大利和墨西哥等电炉炼钢厂底吹工艺及冶金效果。     

复吹转炉底吹供气元件开发及维护技术

文章论述了包钢炼钢厂转炉底吹系统双环缝式底枪的开发使用和维护技术,底吹供气元件的性能和维护是决定底吹寿命的主要因素,该供气元件的开发,为包钢炼钢厂转炉开发底吹工艺创造了条件.     

底吹CO2的复吹技术在鞍钢转炉上的应用

介绍了鞍钢应用新的研制供气元件进行转炉复吹底吹工艺的底吹气源，底枪布置，供气控制及供气元件的使用和最佳工作状态的控制，使用结果表明，给鞍钢带来了较大的经济效益和社会效益。     

复吹转炉底部供气元件及其发展

介绍了供气元件的种类和特点以及国内外先进厂家复吹转炉底部供气和供气元件方面的先进经验，并联系鞍钢生产实际，谈谈有关改进的粗浅看法。     

大供气强度底吹元件的设计及其在提钒转炉上的应用

介绍了大供气强度底吹元件的设计及在提钒转炉上的应用情况，对顶底复吹转炉提钒效果和不同底吹供气强度对半钢余钒的影响进行了分析，提出采用较大的供气强度有利于加强对熔池的搅拌，优化提钒工艺。     

转炉复吹用高压供气元件的损毁机理

分析了转炉高压复合吹炼工艺对转炉部镁碳质供气元件损毁的影响，并以高压复吹用供气元件残件为实例进行了损毁机理分析。指出高压复吹供气元件的损毁主要是因热应力集中所引起的剥落及冲刷磨损造成的，并提出提高供气元件使用寿命的措施。     

电弧炉底吹搅拌新技术

本文介绍了电弧炉底吹搅拌技术搅拌气体的种类及底部供气元件的种类和布置方式。从理论上分析了底吹搅拌后均匀混合特性和精炼反应特性，简述了实际电炉底吹后的搅拌效果。讨论了该技术在国内外的发展前景。     

转炉顶底复合吹炼技术应用现状

介绍了在复吹供气元件寿命与转炉炉龄不能同步时，国内外所采取的技术路线。重点叙述了中国在溅渣炉炉条件下所进行的复吹技术研究工作，结合具体情况，提出了攀钢进行转炉复合吹炼需要进行的工作。     

复吹转炉底吹透气性维护技术研究

研究与实践证明,为确保复吹转炉底部供气在整个炉役过程中的最佳冶炼效果,可灵活调整底部供气参数,保证底吹供气元件透气性非常重要。本钢炼钢厂采用钢铁研究总院开发的底吹专利技术后,共同对确保转炉生产过程中炉底供气元件的透气性进行了深入研究。在底吹供气元件的维护上,采取先进的设备保障、坚持合理的维护制度,保证底吹供气元件寿命与炉龄同步,炉底供气元件在全炉役可见,获得了复吹工艺良好的冶金效果。     

太钢80吨转炉长寿复吹技术的应用及效果分析

本文论述了长寿复吹技术在太钢80t转炉上的应用,复吹转炉冶炼终点的碳氧积明显降低,达到了0．00276,且随着碳含量的降低,碳氧浓度积接近平衡值;在相同终点碳含量下,转炉终点渣中ω（TFe）含量较顶吹降低;同时通过工艺调整,提高了炉渣脱磷能力。在生产实践中开发了底吹供气元件长寿技术及低氩复吹技术,实现了底部供气元件与转炉炉龄同步,降低了氩气消耗,取得了良好的经济效益。     

钢包底吹气液两相流结构研究

通过水力学模型方法，对弥散型、直通多微孔型和狭缝型３种类型的透气砖底吹时在熔池中所产生的气液两相流结构进行了研究。结果表明，弥散型与直通多微孔型透气砖底吹所产生的气泡行为很接近，而与狭缝型透气砖却有所不同。弥散型和直通多微孔型透气砖底吹时，在熔池中开始产生大气泡，并使流股偏离底吹位置而摆动时的临界流量值高于狭缝型透气砖；弥散型和直通多微孔型透气砖底吹产生的气液两相流扩张角基本一致，而在一定的气体流量下，其扩张角明显大于狭缝型透气砖。     

钢包用透气砖的使用及改进措施

对钢包用透气砖的使用要求和损毁机理进行了分析,并从透气砖的设计、生产工艺、操作条件、冶炼条件等方面分析讨论了透气砖寿命的影响因素,提出了改善透气砖使用情况的措施,同时提出要保证透气砖的安全性,避免在使用的过程中出现非正常倒包现象,甚至漏钢事故。并对透气砖的发展方向进行了探讨。     

Criteria for the Formation of Sediment Plugs in Alluvial Rivers

A sediment plug is defined as aggradation in a river that completely blocks the main channel. Information from documented cases of sediment plug development in alluvial rivers was used to develop criteria for plug formation and to identify the setup conditions for sites that are prone to plug formation. Site characteristics, processes, and associated parameters were evaluated based on a comprehensive literature review and evaluation of data. A plug formation theory was developed and tested using a unique sediment transport/movable bed numerical model that simulates the key processes considered to affect plug formation. The theory and model were calibrated and validated against field data, and then used to develop simplified criteria that can be used to predict plug formation. Findings from this study can be used to identify sites that may be prone to plug formation, and the criteria can be used to evaluate the potential for plug formation based upon field site conditions when data are not available to complete a more detailed study.     

Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow and Interfacial Behavior in Three‐phase Argon‐Stirred Ladles with One Plug and Dual Plugs

A numerical investigation is performed to describe the quasi‐steady fluid flow and interfacial behavior in a three‐phase argon gas‐stirred ladle with off‐centered bottom Ar injection through a plug and two plugs placed in 180° and 90°configurations, respectively. The flow of the fluid phase is solved in an Eulerian frame of reference together with the motion of every individually injected Ar bubble, tracked in its own Lagrangian frame. Volume of fluid (VOF) model is used to track any interface between two or more immiscible phases, which include slag/metal, slag/gas and metal/gas. The characteristics of fluid flow in a gas‐stirred ladle with one plug or two plugs configuration are described when the slag layer and the top gas are presented. The slag layer deformation and slag open‐eye formation at different Ar gas flow rates for three types of plug arrangements are given. The comparison of the mixing time, the deformation of slag layer and the behavior of slag/steel interface between one‐plug and two‐plug system is made. Several implications for ladle operational issues during a gas‐stirred ladle refining cycle are discussed. It is found that the proper selection of Ar gas flow rate and plug arrangements during a ladle refining cycle is required for different refining purposes considering the mixing and metallurgical reaction in a three‐phase ladle system.     

狭缝式透气砖内气流速度分布规律及阻力研究

建立了狭缝式透气砖内气体流动速度和阻力的数学模型;忽略质量力时,对定常流动不可压缩流体连续方程进行了简化,并进行了数值计算.结果表明,其速度沿狭缝厚度方向按抛物线规律分布,狭缝中心速度最高,流动状态一般为层流;沿程阻力大小与狭缝大小、供气压力、透气砖长度等存在密切关系.为透气砖的设计提供了相关理论依据,可资参考、借鉴.     

Behavior of Open- and Closed-Ended Piles Driven Into Sands

Both the driving response and static bearing capacity of open-ended piles are affected by the soil plug that forms inside the pile during pile driving. In order to investigate the effect of the soil plug on the static and dynamic response of an open-ended pile and the load capacity of pipe piles in general, field pile load tests were performed on instrumented open- and closed-ended piles driven into sand. For the open-ended pile, the soil plug length was continuously measured during pile driving, allowing calculation of the incremental filling ratio for the pile. The cumulative hammer blow count for the open-ended pile was 16% lower than for the closed-ended pile. The limit unit shaft resistance and the limit unit base resistance of the open-ended pile were 51 and 32% lower than the corresponding values for the closed-ended pile. It was also observed, for the open-ended pile, that the unit soil plug resistance was only about 28% of the unit annulus resistance, and that the average unit frictional resistance between the soil plug and the inner surface of the open-ended pile was 36% higher than its unit outside shaft resistance.     

Auto LISP语言在穿孔机顶头设计中的应用

介绍了能够将“计算法”和“绘图法”相结合的一种新的设计方法——参数化绘图法。通过Auto LISP二次开发,来绘制和设计穿孔机顶头。采用该方法,可将设计人员从大量繁琐的计算和绘图中解放出来,实现穿孔顶头的精确、快速绘制。     

外方内方紫铜长管游动芯头拉伸工艺的研究

采用方形游动芯头配以相应方形外模衬拉，生产外方内方紫铜长管的新工艺（拉伸过程中方形游动芯头在管材内自行受力平衡），及其模具设计中几何参数的确定。     

顶头等离子喷涂过程数值模拟

应用ANSYS有限元分析软件对穿孔顶头等离子喷涂及冷却过程进行有限元分析。建立模型时,采用厚度方向双层叠加来模拟真实的喷涂及沉积过程,得到了以Al_2O_3为涂层材料,喷涂过程中及冷却后穿孔顶头的温度场和应力场分布。通过该模拟,可以掌握穿孔顶头在等离子喷涂及冷却过程中的温度及应力变化规律,为优化制备穿孔顶头提供参考依据。     

天钢顶底复吹转炉底吹透气元件维护实践

介绍了天津钢铁集团有限公司120t顶底复吹转炉底吹透气元件的维护方法。分析出底吹透气元件失效的主要原因是透气砖堵塞、透气元件侵蚀。通过采取有效的措施,采用初期形成炉渣一金属蘑菇头、中后期控制炉底波动的手段,使整个炉役过程中复吹效果良好。