应力敏感裂缝性油藏不稳态压力动态分析

在试井分析中通常都是假设岩石特性为常数,这个假设条件在许多油气藏的试井分析中取得了很好的解释结果。但是,大量的室内实验发现裂缝性油气藏和致密砂岩油气藏都为典型的应力敏感油气藏,即随着开采的进行,储层的孔隙压力降低,从而导致地层中的有效应力增加,储层渗透率的大幅度降低,因此,必须在试井解释中考虑地层应力对岩石特性即渗透率,孔隙度的影响。根据实验研究结论,建立应力敏感裂缝性油藏的渗流数学模型,并通过数值Laplace反演求解形成了新的试井分析,分析研究其典型曲线特征及其对压力恢复数据解释的影响。     

基于损伤力学的裂缝性储层流固耦合数值模拟

为了研究裂缝性储层裂缝的变形规律以及其对生产动态的影响,采用塑性损伤模型和双重孔隙介质模型相结合的流固耦合数值模拟方法,模拟了裂缝性储层注采过程中的裂缝和产量变化.采用迭代耦合方法模拟流体渗流与裂缝变形的耦合力学行为,并使用损伤变量从数学上表征储层裂缝的渗透率.分析了裂缝性储层开采时的损伤演化,获得了裂缝渗透率和地层压力的分布变化.结果表明,开采过程中地层裂缝逐渐闭合且渗透率降低,对产量造成不利影响.裂缝渗透率降低是导致地层产量下降的重要因素,裂缝性储层数值模拟时应考虑裂缝渗透率变化对生产带来的影响.     

CO2和地层水、储层配伍性实验研究

针对CO2 驱油方法在近年来得到人们的广泛重视,它在国内尤其在国外应用广泛,取得了良好的驱油效果的实际,研究了注CO2 采油过程中,当CO2 到达储层后,与地层原油、地层水以及储层岩石相互接触,发生一些物理化学性质的变化,使得储层的渗透能力也发生变化的问题.利用中原油田提供的地层水及储层岩石样品进行了CO2 和地层水、储层配伍性的实验研究.测试了注CO2 前后岩芯水测渗透率的变化情况,并进行了原因分析.实验结果表明:注CO2 过程中不会产生碳酸钙沉淀堵塞孔道降低储层渗透率;相反由于CO2 溶解于水中生成碳酸溶蚀了岩石的某些胶结物,使岩石渗透率得到改善.     

低透气性原煤力学及渗透特性的试验研究

利用MTS815岩石力学试验系统和气体渗透试验系统,开展了原场应力状态下原煤煤样在不同瓦斯压力条件下的三轴压缩渗透试验,对比了不同瓦斯压力下煤样的变形、强度和渗流特征,分析了瓦斯对原煤煤样力学性质的影响,以及煤样变形破坏过程中其渗透特性的变化.结果表明:随瓦斯压力增加,弹性模量和峰值强度呈指数型衰减,泊松比、峰值轴向应变和峰值横向应变呈指数型增加,煤样变形能力增强,抵抗破坏的能力减弱.瓦斯渗透率随煤样加载变形破坏呈先减小后增大趋势.瓦斯渗透率变化与体积变形机制密切相关,在体积压缩阶段存在不可恢复性衰减,在峰后阶段随体积膨胀逐渐增加,残余阶段的渗透率一般远大于初始静水压力状态的渗透率.对低透气性煤层瓦斯抽采和煤炭安全开采具有现实指导意义.     

压力敏感性储层超前注水开发研究

压力敏感性储层在开发过程中,储层渗透率随储层压力的降低而下降,进而影响油井产量及油田开发效果。为了量化地层压力变化对压力敏感性储层开发的影响,通过实验研究得出了储层渗透率随地层压力的变化规律。进而建立了压力敏感性储层渗透率及油井产量随地层压力的变化关系,并结合油田开发实例,研究了超前注水在压力敏感性储层开发中应用效果。     

致密储层压裂缝网渗透性变异的影响因素分析

页岩储层的渗透性是页岩气开发过程中的最为重要的指标之一。在页岩气储层压裂后的排采过程中,储层渗透性会随储层压力、孔隙压力等的降低而发生变化。本文从微观层次上对储层基质微纳孔隙收缩效应、气体滑脱效应对页岩储层渗透性影响的力学机制进行了分析,从宏观层次上分析了储层岩体蠕变、裂缝缝面闭合蠕变、储层衰减应力变化对压裂缝网渗透性影响的力学机制。结果表明：在压裂排采期,基质微纳孔隙页岩吸附气体解吸造成的基质收缩效应和气体滑脱效应会在一定程度上增大压裂储层的渗透率,但基质收缩效应对储层岩体渗透性的影响十分微弱,气体滑脱效应在低压条件下会增加储层岩体的渗透性。由于储层水力改造增加了岩体破碎程度,提高了岩体含水率,水力改造区内储层岩体长期蠕变会极大的压缩缝网空间,降低导流裂缝的渗透性。此外,与储层压力减小有关的裂缝壁面闭合蠕变、地层压实变形会致使水力裂隙开度和渗透性进一步降低。     

流纹岩类火山岩储层物性特征研究

火山岩油气藏储层岩石类型特殊、孔隙结构复杂,在开发过程中其储层物性将会对采出程度产生一定的影响,利用火山岩气田升深2-1井的流纹岩岩心、测井资料,通过对流纹岩岩石物性参数随净上覆岩层压力变化的实验研究,对实验结果进行处理分析,得出了一些有益的结论:该流纹岩岩石孔隙度随净上覆岩层压力呈多项式(三项式)函数变化关系、渗透率与净上覆岩层压力之间的关系满足幂指数关系、储层岩石的压缩系数与净上覆岩层压力之间的关系满足指数关系、岩石密度和孔隙度之间具有很好的线性关系.从而更进一步认识了该流纹岩储层的物性特征,为该特殊岩石气藏的合理开发提供了有利的基础资料.     

地层条件下灰岩储层复电阻率特征

研究灰岩复电阻率特征,对大港油田碳酸盐岩储层类型分类具有重要意义.利用矿物成分、孔隙度、渗透率、含油饱和度等储层参数分析岩石电性参数的方法越来越受到重视.本次研究是在高温高压条件下,通过模拟地层深度研究灰岩随温度、压力作用下的变化规律,从而建立地层电阻率随深度变化的关系.根据实验数据拟合得到模型参数的预测值,确立了地层...     

变形介质气藏渗流理论研究的发展及研究意义

变形介质气藏的开采过程是流固藕合渗流过程。常规气藏渗流理论由于没有考虑气藏开采过程中岩石骨架的变形，因此不能准确分析气藏中流体的运动状态。变形介质气藏渗流力学理论正为了解决这一问题而发展形成的。早期主要以研究储层岩石的孔隙度、渗透率与压力之间的关系为主要目的，引入有效应力概念后，建立了线弹性变形下的渗流模型，后又发展到考虑非线弹性变形和塑性变形下流固耦合渗流力学模型，到目前为止，已开始综合考虑渗流、应力和温度场三者之间的关系，并建立了相关的耦合模型。我国变形介质渗流力学理论的研究起步较晚，是在国外理论研究的基础上发展起来的，20世纪90年代以来，随着油气田开发理论的发展，许多国内学者开始对变形介质渗流力学理论进行了深入的研究，并取得了一些研究成果，对我国现阶段主要气藏的开发具有重要的指导作用。     

欠平衡钻井高欠压值引发储层伤害原因浅析

根据储层伤害理论,较高的欠压值会对地层的动态平衡产生较大的扰动,从而产生储层伤害。高欠压值引发储层伤害的机理可以用速敏、结垢和应力敏感等理论进行解释。通过室内岩心试验证明,高欠压值下的储层伤害确实存在,并随着岩石物性和渗透率的不同,伤害程度也不同。     

火山岩气藏开发现状综述

根据国内外火山岩气藏勘探开发的成功实例,分析总结了一般火山岩气藏的地质特征和开发特征,即火山岩气藏岩石类型繁多和岩性复杂、孔隙结构复杂、储集空间类型特殊多样、孔隙度小、渗透率低并且孔隙度和渗透率差异大、储层非均质性严重、含气面积和有效厚度变化大、气水分布复杂、双重介质储层.着重分析了升平气田火山岩储层的地质特征和该火山岩气藏开发特点.指出了产量稳定、地层压力下降小,气井产量大小与裂缝关系等火山岩气藏一般开采特征.提出了火山岩气藏增产措施和储层保护措施.     

坪北油田特低渗透油藏超前注水探索与实践

超前注水作为特低渗透油田提高采收率的一种重要的技术方法,在我国很多油田得到广泛的应用,并且都获得了良好的开发效果。为了提高特低渗透油田探明储量的采收率和开发效果,根据坪北油田的地质特点,借鉴国内外油田及邻近油田的开发经验,探索适合油田超前注水的合理技术参数,建立有效的驱替压力系统,在一定程度上减小启动压力梯度和介质变形对地层的伤害。利用超前注水保持合理的地层压力,降低对储层渗透率的伤害,降低油井投产后的含水率和递减率,提高最终采收率。     

Analysis of Water Insulating Effect of Compound Water-Resisting Key Strata in Deep Mining

The problem of water preservation in mining and the prevention of water-bursts has been one of the more important issues in deep mining. Based on the concept of water-resisting key strata, the mechanics model of the key strata is established given the structural characteristics and the mechanical properties of the roof rock layers of the working face in a particular coal mine. Four other models were derived from this model by re-arranging the order of the layers in the key strata. The distribution characteristics of stress, deformation, pore pressure and the flow vector of all the models are computed using the analytical module of fluid-structure interaction in the FLAC software and the corre- sponding risks of a water-burst are analyzed. The results indicate that the water-insulating ability of the key strata is related to the arrangement of soft and hard rocks. The water-insulating ability of the compound water-resisting key strata （CWKS） with a hard-hard-soft-hard-soft compounding order is the best under the five given simulated conditions.     

Theoretical analysis on water-inrush mechanism of concealed collapse pillars in floor

In order to study the water-inrush mechanism of concealed collapse pillars from the mechanical view,a mechanical model for water-inrush of collapse pillars has been established based on thick plate theory of elastic mechanics in this paper. By solving this model the deformation of water-resistant rock strata under the action of water pressure and the expression of critical water pressure for collapse pillar waterinrush have been obtained The research results indicate that: the boundary conditions and strength of water-resistant strata play important roles in influencing water-inrush of collapse pillars. The critical water-inrush pressure is determined by both relative thickness and absolute thickness of water-resistant strata.     

Establishing time-dependent model of deformation modulus caused by bedrock excavation rebound by inverse analysis method

Rock rebound relaxation deformation,or even rock burst,caused by the excavation of dam base and abutment or high rock slope affects their stability and results in the fall of mechanical properties of the rock.So an inverse analysis method was proposed in this paper to establish the time-dependent model of deformation modulus caused by excavation rebound.The basic principle is based on the combination of observed data of the excavation rebound deformation of dam abutment or rock slope,and the calculated rebo...     

变形介质的变形机理及物性特征研究

变形介质气藏在开发过程中，孔隙压力随流体的流出而下降，使储层内外压差增大，孔隙受到压缩而体积缩小，孔隙度和渗透率随之降低，极大地影响到此类气藏的开采。主要阐述了多孔介质发生变形的类型，并从多孔介质的微观物理特性(包括物质组成，单元体类型及它们之间的接触关系、排列方式和胶结方式)来分析对其发生变形的影响。还通过实验，分析了变形介质的孔隙体积、孔隙度和渗透率随压力而发生的变化规律。实验表明，随着净围压的升高，孔隙体积缩小，孔隙度和渗透率降低。与孔隙度相比较，渗透率受压力变化的影响更明显。因而，在变形介质气藏的开采过程中，保持气藏内部的原始压力对稳产、高产及延长气藏的开采时间有重要意义。     

Control technology and coordination deformation mechanism of rise entry group with high ground stress

Based on engineering practices of Wuyang Coal Mine, we carried out X-ray diffract researches on No. 3 coal; and the rocks of its roof and floor by XRD meter, and simulated the interactive effect of the surrounding rock deformation by FLAC^2D5.0 numerical simulation software under the condition of different tunneling method of multimine roadway in parallel. The internal structures of the surrounding rocks of 76 belt roadway were monitored by borehole observation instruments; and then, we analyzed the reason of failure and deformation of surrounding rocks of several rise entry, and proposed the technical measures for controlling interactive effect of several rise entry surrounding rock deformation at last. For the thickness seam rise roadway, two conclusions were drawn: one is that the co-deformation among roadway groups mainly reflect on that both shear failure and deformation in coal pillar among roadways have decreased the width of pillar core region and clamping action of coal pillar to roof strata, increased the actual span of roof strata, intensified the flexural failure of roof strata and prized the bed separation of roof deep rock strata. The other conclusion is that the factors controlling the interactive deformation among roadways is obvious when appropriate re-adjustment in construction sequence of the tunneling of multimine parallel roadways because the construction sequence among roadways also has great effects on deformation of the surrounding rock in roadway.     

Numerical analysis of water inrush from working-face floor during mining

Confined water in the Ordovician limestone is one of the hidden troubles that threaten safe production of mines in north China. A numerical model of the key strata was developed. It included the structural characteristics and mechanical properties of the floor rock at the working face of a particular coal mine. The model was used to predict failure modes and to help establish rules for safe mining above the aquifer. The distribution of deformation, failure and seepage was simulated by using Dilian Mechsoft's Rea- listic Failure Process Analysis (RFPA2D) program. The stress distribution, the deformation and the flow vectors were also obtained. The results indicate that: 1) The original balance of the stress and seepage fields is disturbed due to coal mining; and 2) As the working face advances different deformation, or failure, appears in the surrounding rocks, the water-resisting strata in floor may be destroyed and the passage of water from the aquifer into the mine may occur. The combined action of mining stress and water pressure ultimately lead to water inrush from the floor.     

Establishing time-dependent model of deformation modulus caused by bedrock excavation rebound by inverse analysis method

Rock rebound relaxation deformation, or even rock burst, caused by the excavation of dam base and abutment or high rock slope affects their stability and results in the fall of mechanical properties of the rock. So an inverse analysis method was proposed in this paper to establish the time-dependent model of deformation modulus caused by excavation rebound. The basic principle is based on the combination of observed data of the excavation rebound deformation of dam abutment or rock slope, and the calculated rebound deformation by FEM under ground stress at the corresponding time in the excavation process. The norm of the residuals of observed data and calculated data are taken as the objective function. Accordingly, the time-dependent model of bedrock deformation modulus can be established. The method displays its significance in the design of excavation, construction and operation management of dam base and high slope.