扬帆海外展风采——广东省工业设备安装公司实施沙特哈立德国王大学城机电安装工程纪实

哈立德国王大学第一期工程（以下简称KKU）位于沙特阿布哈市,包括9个学院与公共教室、实验室及中央图书馆、注册大楼等13栋4～7层建筑物,总建筑面积约为55万m^2,合同造价6.13亿美元,总包方为广东建工集团属下的广东海外建设集团有限公司。其中广东省工业设备安装公司负责该工程6栋建筑的机电安装工程,分别是MC01（法律学院）、MC02（文艺学院）、MC03（教育学院）、MC05（行政学院）、MC08（工学院）、MC09B（公共学院），总建筑面积约27万m^2，合同造价1．1亿美元。该项目是中沙两国签署工程合作谅解备忘录以来中国公司承接的首个大型建设项目，也是中国公司在沙特承接的第一个施工总承包项目。具有重大的政治意义。     

面向大规模定制的项目管理研究

在大规模定制(Mass Customization，MC)时代，传统的产品开发管理方式已不再有效．通过项目管理可以提高大规模定制产品开发的管理水平．本文在对大规模定制产品开发及其项目管理的特点分析的基础上，提出了面向MC的项目管理模型．为了获取更好的项目管理效果，面向MC的项目管理在通用项目管理方法的基础上，还要采取适合MC特点的具体项目管理运作方式．最后，对面向MC的项目结构分解(PBS)、项目组织以及集成项目管理系统体系结构进行了探讨，并进行了简单的案例分析。     

掺杂难熔金属碳化物对炭/炭复合材料烧蚀机理的影响

通过对炭／炭复合材料（C／C）和添加难熔金属碳化物炭／炭复合材料（C／C＋MC）的微观结构对比分析，研究了二者在电弧加热器上的烧蚀机理。结果表明，难熔金属化合物（MC）在烧蚀过程中进入到距表层几个微米之内的纤维和基体炭微晶内，明显影响了相邻微晶的形貌。MC的存在，一方面，加大了机械剥蚀等力学因素引起的质量损失，增大了试样表面粗糙度，从而进一步加重了烧蚀；另一方面，MC具有降低碳的升华总量的效应。从综合效应来看，C／C＋MC复合材料的烧蚀速率比C／C复合材料高。     

基于价值工程与用户使用体验的产品优化设计研究

目的 弥补使用价值工程对产品进行优化设计时，只关注成本的降低而忽视用户使用体验改善的局限，结合价值工程与用户使用体验，为产品优化设计建立一个系统且有效的方法。方法 先确定优化对象，根据价值工程的工作方法，对其进行初次的价值分析，提出初步优化设计方向；再通过对产品的使用情况进行分析，创新性的提出用户负面体验评价系数，计算部件负面体验系数，结合两次分析结果，确定优化设计方向。结果 通过设计实践验证，将价值工程的分析结果作为优化设计的基础，与用户使用负面体验结合，确定产品最终的优化设计方向。结论 结合价值工程与用户使用体验评价系数，对产品进行优化设计，能够在控制产品生产成本的同时，有效改善用户使用体验。     

运用价值工程对空调冷热源方案的评价

介绍了价值工程的原理，通过对洛阳市某大楼空调冷热源方案的优选过程的分析，说明了的价值工程法的应用程序、价值系数的确定方法，以及最佳方案的选择。     

价值工程在施工管理中的应用

以价值工程为核心，运用现代管理技术与方法，就施工企业组织结构改造与优化、全方位信息网络建立及管理信息技术平台的搭设等问题进行论述，构建了以价值工程为核心的现代施工企业管理框架。并以此为基础，对价值工程方法在施工管理过程中的运用进行了实证分析，明确了价值工程分析方法的工作程序及应用效果。     

刍议价值工程在公路工程成本控制中的应用

价值工程已被大量运用于公路工程建设项目，并取得了巨大的经济效益。文章主要探讨了价值工程在公路工程成本控制中的应用，首先介绍了价值工程的基本原理和工作程序，然后简要分析了其在公路工程的设计、招投标和施工阶段的成本控制中的应用。     

Monte Carlo方法的精度分析及其在算术平均亚洲期权定价中的应用

本文讨论了Monte Carlo(MC)方法的精度分析及其在算术平均亚洲期权定价中的应用.首先,我们对MC方法的精度做了分析,讨论了两种依分布收敛到标准正态分布的情况(即对样本均值用标准差和标准误差进行标准化).接下来对于三种MC方法(即Crude MC、Antithetic MC和Control MC)的精度及标准(误)差做了进一步的分析.然后,再介绍了MC方法在计算亚洲期权价格中的应用.最后,由算术平均亚洲看涨期权价格的数值模拟结果得到如下结论:两种模拟成功的频率都接近于理论概率;在对样本均值进行标准化为标准正态分布时,用标准差比用标准误差更好.     

NiCrFe焊缝金属的晶界形貌和晶界MC碳化物对局部变形行为的影响

采用晶体塑性有限元方法研究了NiCrFe焊缝金属中晶界形貌和晶界MC碳化物对局部变形行为的影响。结果表明,试样中的弯曲晶界促进其周围基体中滑移系的开动,进而促进塑性变形均匀分布。由于晶界碳化物MC与基体的临界分剪切应力和硬化行为的差异显著,碳化物承担较高的应力而发生较小的塑性变形。碳化物与基体界面处不连续的应力分布加剧了二者变形的不协调性,使裂纹在MC与基体界面处萌生。焊缝金属中的弯曲晶界和晶界碳化物MC,对高温失塑裂纹的作用相反。为了降低高温失塑的影响,在工程实践中应该在尽量减少MC的情况下得到弯曲晶界。     

等离子旋转电极雾化FGH95高温合金原始粉末颗粒中碳化物的研究

利用扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）对等离子旋转电极雾化（PREP）FGH95高温合金原始粉末颗粒中的碳化物进行研究，并分析了PREP FGH95合金原始粉末颗粒中碳化物在凝固过程中的形成机理，结果表明：粉末颗粒内部中存在MC′型碳化物及微量Laves相和M3B2相， MC′型碳化物形态有块状，条状，花朵状，草书状，粉末颗粒的冷却速率以及已凝固基体在枝晶间所产生的内应力，是导致粉末颗粒中MC′型碳化物形态多样，复杂的一个重要原因。     

面向供应链的大规模定制时间阈值理论研究

针对目前大规模定制管理运作策略中存在的主要问题,以探索提升面向供应链环境下的大规模定制生产过程中的客户服务水平为主线,在对用户订单信息特征分析与合理分类的基础上,通过引入时间阈值概念及相关理论作为协调大规模定制中范围经济同客户定制化服务水平之间矛盾的基本解决思路,并分析了影响时间阈值的各主要因素,同时在时间阈值的前提下,提出了面向供应链的大规模定制管理运作多级优化策略的思想。     

企业过程再造与价值工程的集成

针对企业过程再造中存在的问题，深入分析了它与价值工程集成的可能性。分析过程中，对企业过程再造和价值工程的关系进行了研究，明确了两者的联系与区别，揭示了两者集成的基础，提出了两者集成的基本思路，并对两者集成后的有效识别进行了分析。     

A job‐plan based performance evaluation for construction value engineering study

Abstract

Value Engineering can reduce costs and enhance the value of projects. Currently, the acceptance rate of Value Engineering Study (VES) recommendations and total potential savings are considered the principal performance indicators of a VES. In reality the success of a VES depends on numerous interrelated factors not easy for a VES team to control. However, a study team can ensure the success of a VES by fully implementing a VES job plan. Thus, realizing a job plan is a principal contribution toward insuring the success of the VES. This study presents a novel model that is able to evaluate the performance of a VES for a construction project. Two questionnaires, distributed to VE experts, were used to collect data needed for this research. Factor analysis, AHP, and SWAM were applied to build the VES performance evaluation model which consists of six evaluation groups and thirty‐two evaluation items. A real‐life VES for a construction project was then analyzed using the proposed model to demonstrate its usefulness in performance assessment. Defects of the VES were identified and suggestions were provided for the particular VES. The proposed model can be used by VES teams for self‐diagnosis, improvement, and motivation in achieving enhanced performance.     

一种考虑晶界能各向异性模拟晶粒长大的Monte Carlo方法

一般的Monte Carlo模型都没有考虑晶界能的差异。奉研究根据晶界两侧晶粒的取向差及其与重合晶界的关系提出了晶界能分布的连续函数表达式,并且将其应用于Monte Carlo模型模拟晶粒长大过程。引入了该能量函数的Monte Carlo模型模拟的结果显示,随着晶粒长大的进行,具有低能量的重合晶界百分数增大,同时该模型模拟的重合晶界百分数明显地强于未引入该能量函数的Monte Carlo模型模拟的结果。并且采用该模型模拟的微观组织更加接近于实际观察到的平衡组织。     

并行工程下的IPT管理

并行工程成功的关键是多学科协同小组工作的科学性及有效性．本文根据并行工程区别于传统产品开发组织模式的特点,阐明ＩＰＴ在并行工程中的重要作用及如何对ＩＰＴ进行管理．     

Distribution of time between failures of machining center based on type I censored data

This paper applies a type I censor likelihood function to make the fitting of Weibull distribution of time between failures of machining center (MC). The paper also gives Goodness-of-fit tests by Hollander's method and proves that the time between MC failures follows the Weibull distribution. The conclusion not only deeply analyzes the MC failure law, but also establishes the basis of calculation for the mean time between failures of MC with censored lifetime data.     

Enhancing data rate of molecular communication system using Brownian motion

Inter‐symbol and co‐channel interferences restrict the capacity of molecular communication (MC) systems. In this study, the effect of these interferences on the data rate of MC systems is investigated to design an efficient MC system. To this end, the authors propose an analytical model for a diffusion‐based MC system comprised of two nanomachines when they exploit On/Off keying modulation. They model the Brownian motion of molecules in a one‐dimensional environment as a wiener process and the life expectancy of diffused molecules as an exponential process. First, they consider the inter‐symbol interference to derive the data rate of the MC system as a function of the receiver decision threshold and the symbol time duration. Hence, they propose an algorithm to obtain the optimal values of MC system parameters. Then, the effect of co‐channel interference is considered by assuming parallel MC systems. They propose a minimum distance between adjacent MC systems that their co‐channel interferences effect to be negligible. Moreover, they verify the accuracy of the analytical results by Monte–Carlo simulations. Results show a remarkable improvement in the data rate of MC systems. The derived results may find application in nanonetworks where nanomachines connect together to perform complex tasks.Inspec keywords: channel capacity, Monte Carlo methods, intersymbol interference, stochastic processes, Brownian motion, cochannel interferenceOther keywords: enhancing data rate, molecular communication system, Brownian motion, co‐channel interference, efficient MC system, diffusion‐based MC system, inter‐symbol interference, MC system parameters, parallel MC systems, adjacent MC systems, co‐channel interferences effect     

Towards real CAD

Present-day computer-aided design (CAD) packages play only a small part in the area of mechanical engineering design, which involves the synthesis and embodiment of physical components to perform a pre-determined function without unwanted side effects. The computer cannot properly help the designer in this task until it is able to capture and process the function requirements of the design. This paper describes the computer system being developed for this purpose at the Engineering Design Centre at Cambridge University Engineering Department. The paper also explores some of the geometrical and programming implications raised.     

Monte Carlo and discrete-ordinate simulations of spectral radiances in a coupled air-tissue system

We perform a detailed comparison study of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and discrete-ordinate radiative-transfer (DISORT) calculations of spectral radiances in a 1D coupled air-tissue (CAT) system consisting of horizontal plane-parallel layers. The MC and DISORT models have the same physical basis, including coupling between the air and the tissue, and we use the same air and tissue input parameters for both codes. We find excellent agreement between radiances obtained with the two codes, both above and in the tissue. Our tests cover typical optical properties of skin tissue at the 280, 540, and 650 nm wavelengths. The normalized volume scattering function for internal structures in the skin is represented by the one-parameter Henyey-Greenstein function for large particles and the Rayleigh scattering function for small particles. The CAT-DISORT code is found to be approximately 1000 times faster than the CAT-MC code. We also show that the spectral radiance field is strongly dependent on the inherent optical properties of the skin tissue.     

Electron Transport and Velocity Oscillations in a Carbon Nanotube

We report Monte Carlo (MC) simulation results showing applied bias dependent spatial velocity oscillations for semiconducting single-walled zig-zag carbon nanotubes (CNTs). MC simulations show velocity oscillations in CNTs at different lengths due to high scattering rates associated with optical phonon emissions in the one-dimensional CNT system. The frequencies of these oscillations are as high as 30 THz. In addition, we investigate average ensemble electron velocities as a function of tube length.