立管移动床气固流动相图及理想料封状态

本文通过对立管移动床气固流动规律的研究和归纳,绘制了立管移动床气固流动相图。相图展示了有可能出现的13种移动床操作状态及其相互依存和转化的条件,对其中的理想料封状态的性质、存在条件和应用价值进行了专门的讨论。     

径向移动床气固流动特性数值模拟

应用计算颗粒流体力学(CPFD)方法对矩形与楔形结构径向移动床内气固两相流动规律进行数值模拟。考察了床型结构、料封高度等关键结构参数对径向移动床内气固两相流场分布的影响。通过优化移动床关键结构参数,改善径向移动床中出现的贴壁、空腔问题。结果表明,模拟结果与相应工况下的实验数据吻合较好,模型可以定性描述径向移动床内气固两相流动规律。楔形结构不但能够提高贴壁临界气速,减小贴壁区域厚度,缓解贴壁现象;而且能够有效减小窜气量,明显提高临界空腔气速,避免或者缓解空腔现象。料封高度是影响空腔现象形成的关键性因素之一,适当增加料封高度可以有效消除空腔现象,提高装置操作弹性和操作稳定性。     

宽筛分颗粒在立管中的移动床流动

在直径φ７０ｍｍ,长４８００ｍｍ的立管中,测定了宽筛分颗粒煤的移动床流动及料封能力,用Ｙｏｏｎ和Ｋｕｎｉｉ修正的移动床厄汞方程,对宽筛分颗粒在立管中的流动进行了计算,计算结果与试验结果相一致,试验中发现,只要知道宽筛分颗粒的分级速度,便可用Ｙｏｏｎ和Ｋｕｎｉｉ修正的厄贡方程计算出宽筛分颗粒的料封能力。     

倾斜压差移动床中的气固流动

应用散体力学及多相流理论,分析倾斜压差移动床中的气固流动,推导出倾斜压差移动床的力平衡方程和空隙率方程,从而使计算固定床压降及气体流率的Ergun方程、Lewis方程及Kwank方程,可以普遍地适用于垂直和倾斜的移动床压降及气体流率的计算。 选用三种颗料状物料,在四种不同倾斜度的斜管中测定了不同负压差和固体流率条件下的气体流率。计算结果与大量实验数据吻合。     

折流式移动床中不同分布板倾角下气相流动行为的数值模拟

通过k–e双方程模型和方程对折流式移动床内气体流动规律进行计算机模拟,着重考察了移动床内气流分布板的倾角对气体流动的影响. 模拟计算的气体压降结果和实验数据吻合. 并揭示了气流分布板的倾角对移动床内气体流动的具体影响规律.     

渐缩下料段对其上矩形移动床内床层颗粒流动的影响

本文从Ｎｅｄｄｅｒｍａｎ等人的颗粒流动学基本理论出发，结合Ｐｏｌｄｅｒｍａｎ等人对渐缩下料段同颗粒流动分布的研究结果，建立了矩形移动床床内颗粒流动速度分布的关系式，提出了渐缩下料段对其上床层颗粒流动影响临界高度的概念，并分析了改变渐缩下料段几何形状及颗粒与渐缩下料段壁面的摩擦角等因素对临界高度的影响，以期为有效利用移动床提供指导。     

CFB煤燃烧／热解双反应器立管内气固流动模型分析

在循环流化床（CFB）煤燃烧／热解双反应器冷态实验装置上,以硅胶和电厂锅炉灰为实验物料,考察了立管内的气固流动特性,其中立管的内径44mm、高3m。研究结果表明,立管内的气固流动形态为移动床流动,Leung的立管流动模型适合对该系统中立管内移动床流动的描述,经拟合分别得到了立管内气、同速率以及气同相对速率与固体速率之间的经验方程,对热态实验过程中判断立管内的气固流动型态以及料封的稳定性均具有一定的参考价值。     

微型流化床内气体返混

微型流化床基础和应用在近几年受到越来越多的关注。针对微型流化床对气固反应分析的应用要求,利用脉冲示踪法研究了内径10 mm和21 mm两种尺寸微型流化床中的气体返混特性,具体考察了管内径、颗粒静床高度、床料颗粒粒径和气体表观流速对气体返混程度的影响。结果表明:随着床内径、颗粒静床高度和表观气速的减小和床料颗粒粒径的增大,气体在床内的返混程度减小。使用粒径约270 μm粗颗粒时,两种床径的浅层微型流化床中的气体返混程度都较小,对应的Peclet数在27以上,证明了床内气体流动接近平推流,从而为利用微型流化床最小化气体返混对反应测试的影响,获得近本征反应动力学参数提供了流动特性的保障。     

非流态化流体—颗粒流

本文应用多相流理论与颗粒介质力学研究非流态化流体—颗粒两相流动力学。建立了一系列动力学方程式,将流体压力、颗粒间接触压力、床层空隙率与颗粒和流体的性质、床的几何结构、操作条件相关联。这些方程的计算结果与大量实验数据相吻合。本文还归纳了垂直非流态化两相流的十三种操作状态,绘制了垂直移动床流体颗粒流动相图,定量地指明了各种操作状态存在的条件及其相互关系,并对理想料封状态进行了重点讨论。     

循环射流流化床立管中气固流动实验研究

立管是气固循环系统的重要组成 ,其复杂性在于存在着各种流动体系。实验中循环射流流化床选用的循环立管结构是在其末端安置水平挡板作为限流构件 ,考察了水平挡板高度、加料量、射流气速等对立管料柱平衡高度的影响 ;采用气体示踪法测定了颗粒在立管中的流动速度和气体速度 ,并与立管中空隙率进行了关联 ,进而提出预测循环立管移动床流动状况的方法     

柱形和锥形移动床中气体的扩散特性

采用脉冲氦气体示踪技术研究了柱形和锥形移动床中气相的扩散特性,并与实验结果进行对比. 结果表明,在主体流动区(0.110.89),柱形床会出现向下窜气的现象,而锥形床中向下窜气量降低40%~50%,气相径向流动更趋近平推流. 根据径向气流在柱形和锥形移动床内的流动特点,用实验数据回归了气体浓度分布的无量纲经验关联式,计算值与实验值吻合较好.     

Flow of filter granules in moving granular beds with louvers and sublouvers

It is important to develop the technology of high-temperature gas cleanup for some advanced power generation systems based on the gasification or combustion of coal or biomass. The moving granular bed filter has great potential to be developed for the hot gas cleanup. However the existence of stagnant zones in granular moving bed systems with louvered walls cause major technical problems, especially in filtration and adsorption processes. With the existence of stagnant zones, the dust particulates and fly ash coming with flue gas may plug the system and the filtration efficiency decreases remarkably.We propose a new design by placing sublouvers into the convergent channel between louvers to diminish the stagnant zones. This paper presents the results of a study of the flow patterns in a quasi two-dimensional cross-flow moving granular bed with systems of louvers and sublouvers. Silica sands were used as filter granules which were discharged from an upper hopper and circulated to the bed. An image processing system was used to record the granular flow for the investigations in flow patterns of filter granules. The velocity field and velocity distributions of filter granules are also evaluated and discussed. In this study, the design of sublouver-system moving bed has been optimized to almost completely eliminate the stagnant zones.     

移动颗粒床中高温气体渗流传热数值计算

针对移动颗粒床中物料层内的高温气体渗流传热现象 ,考虑渗流与传热的相互作用 ,采用局部非热平衡假设建立了多孔介质渗流传热物理数学模型并进行了数值计算 .研究了不同情况下床内填充多孔介质中的流速、气固温度和床层压力损失 .计算结果表明 ,高温热气对移动床颗粒料层的热渗透主要发生在渗流入口端区域 ,增大入口渗流速度以及减小床层物料下移速度将导致物料温度沿床高慢速下降 ,热渗透深度扩大 ,热渗透作用区域内的物料温度水平提高 .在热渗透作用区域 ,孔隙率对流场和压力损失有很大的影响 .研究结果对于移动颗粒床反应器的设计与运行具有一定的参考作用     

Flow characteristics of a small moving bed downcomer with an orifice under negative pressure gradient

Behaviour of gas-solid mixtures in a small moving bed downcomer operating under negative pressure gradient has been investigated experimentally, because flow characteristics in a downcomer are important factors in powder handling processes, such as a multi-stage spouted bed or a circulating fluidized bed. In this study, a small downcomer in which the moving bed height could be controlled was employed with the intention of using a downcomer as a connecting tube in a multi-stage spouted bed. Based on experimental observation, the moving bed flow changed from smooth flow (Region(I)) to slip-stick flow (Region(II)) and then changed from slip-stick flow to intermittent flow (Regime(III)), as the gas pressure gradient in the downcomer was increased. In this study, the critical point for steady-state (Region(I)) operation was also examined experimentally and theoretically, by using eight kinds of solid particles (Geldart B, D and A powders) and six different orifice sizes which were used to restrict solids flow at the base of the downcomer. As a result, a correlation of solids flow rate in the stable moving bed downcomer under negative pressure gradient was derived and the critical point between stable and unstable flow was explained by the proposed model.     

Investigation of pressure drop in a cocurrent downflow three-phase moving bed

Based on a self-established cold-flow experimental device, the pressure drop in a cocurrent downflow three-phase moving bed was investigated under a wide range of gas, liquid, and solid flow rates during dynamic and steady-state operation. The results showed that for the startup of the bed, since the first bed layer packed by fall-falling of particles had lower voidage, it would take at least one bed volume time to make the voidage in the bed reach the steady-state. Under steady-state conditions, the pressure drop increased with the increase of gas and liquid mass flow rates, liquid viscosity, and decreased with the increase of solid flow rate. Furthermore, it was found that the liquid distribution became more uniform due to particle movement. The experimental data obtained in this study was used to develop a correlation to predict the pressure drop in a three-phase moving bed with an average relative error of 9.32%.     

移动床贴壁现象的研究

在错流区高度为430 mm,横向宽度分别为400 mm,200 mm,105 mm的三种不同尺寸的矩形二维移动床内对贴壁现象进行了研究.实验结果表明,随着错流气速的增加床层压降也增加,当压降超过一定值时,移动床内近下流面的部分颗粒将停止下移,发生贴壁;贴壁颗粒层的厚度与床层压降呈线性关系,在相同错流气速下宽床层的贴壁厚度大于窄床层,但无因次化贴壁厚度大致相同.通过力平衡分析建立了贴壁现象的数学模型,可计算不同压降下贴壁颗粒层的厚度,并获得贴壁临界压降值的计算式,模型计算值与实验值基本相符.