A Method to Simulate the Impact of Acid Mine Drainage on River Systems

Abandoned mines create pollution problems in rivers as minewater levels rise and discharges of metal-rich acidic waters occur. Mines adjacent to rivers can cause serious pollution problems, reducing fish stocks and preventing restocking. A computer model has been used to simulate the impact of these discharges and to devise an optimal treatment strategy to meet river quality objectives. The use of this model, through application to two case studies, is described.     

Electrochemical Treatment of Acidic Aqueous Ferrous Sulfate and Copper Sulfate as Models for Acid Mine Drainage

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a serious environmental problem in the mining industry. The present work describes electrolytic reduction of solutions of synthetic AMD, comprising FeSO₄/H₂SO₄ and CuSO₄/H₂SO₄, in flow-through cells whose anode and cathode compartments were separated using ion exchange membranes. In the case of FeSO₄/H₂SO₄ at constant flow rate, the pH of the effluent from the catholyte increased progressively with current at a variety of cathodes, due to electrolytic reduction of H⁺ ions to elemental hydrogen. Near-quantitative removal of iron was achieved by sparging air into the catholyte effluent, thereby precipitating iron outside the electrochemical cell, and avoiding fouling of the electrodes. The anode reaction was the oxidation of water to O₂, a proton-releasing process. Using cation exchange membranes and sodium sulfate as the supporting electrolyte in the anode compartment, the efficiency of the process was compromised at high currents by transport of H⁺ competitively with Na⁺ from the anode to the cathode compartments. Higher efficiencies were obtained when anion exchange membranes were used, and in this case no additional supporting electrolyte other than dilute H₂SO₄ was needed, the net reaction being the electrochemically driven transfer of the elements of H₂SO₄ from the cathode to the anode compartments. Current efficiencies 50% were achieved, the loss of efficiency being accounted for by ohmic heating of the solutions. In the case of CuSO₄/H₂SO₄ and anion exchange membranes at high currents, reduction of Cu²⁺ and H⁺ ions and transport of SO₄²⁻ ions out of the catholyte caused unacceptably high potentials to be generated.     

太原西山煤田酸性煤矿废水特征及形成机理研究

本文在对太原西山煤田地下水和煤矿废水大量调查采样分析的基础上,研究了西山煤田酸性煤矿废水水质特征,表现为pH低,SO_4~(2-)、F~-等阴离子浓度高,Fe、Mn、Zn、Gr等重金属离子含量高,且随pH值的降低硫酸根、总硬度、重金属等离子含量增大,并从水文地质和水文地球化学的角度探讨了其形成机理。     

汾河太原城区段支流水质评价

由于历年来的研究主要集中于汾河主河道水体的黑臭状况,在一定程度上忽略了汇入汾河的支流水体水质分析。故在现有多种水质评价方法的应用中,采用综合污染指数法与综合水质标识指数法,在对太原城区主要支流长期监测的基础上,评价了太原城区主要支流的水质状况和黑臭程度,并据此提出建议。     

大降深矿井排水预测地下水位迭代精度的影响因素

本文讨论了大降深矿井排水预测中 ,利用迭代法求解数值模型时 ,地下水位计算误差的影响因素。利用理想模型讨论了地下水位计算误差与开采量、迭代收敛误差限、计算时间和含水量参数之间的关系。经讨论得知地下水位计算误差与迭代收敛误差限、计算时间和含水层参数有关 ,与开采量和水位变幅无关。     

浅谈给排水管道的施工技术

近几年,伴随着城市化及工业化的不断发展,水厂也得到了不断扩建,同时还需要铺设大量给排水管道。新型给排水管道的应用,给排水工程带来了巨大变革。为了确保城市居民的正常生活用水及工业用水,必须加强给排水管道的施工质量。     

谈谈市政给排水工程的施工质量控制

在城市建设中,市政给排水管道施工建设占据着相当重要的位置,同时,还会给整个城市的发展带来极大的影响。本文对市政给排水工程的施工中常见问题进行了分析,并提出了几点防治措施。     

浅谈市政排水管网工程施工质量管理与控制

排水管网工程质量不仅对城市人民生活产生着重要的影响,而且对道路完好、城市防洪排涝和争创"五个重庆"都有直接的影响和深远的意义。本文对排水管网在施工过程中产生的原因进行了分析,提出了加强排水管网施工质量管理与控制的措施。     

Geochemical Landscape Analysis: Development and Application to the Risk Assessment of Acid Mine Drainage. A Case Study in Central Sweden

Acid mine drainage containing toxic contaminants is a major cause of landscape degradation at numerous historic mine sites in Europe. Risk assessment of acid mine drainage and related polluted lands requires an approach that is able to study the complexity of pollution emissions and impacted landscapes. The objective of this paper is to link geochemical contaminant fate modelling and landscape analysis for the risk assessment of acid mine drainage along the source–pathway–receptor chain. A simple geochemical landscape analysis tool is developed using landscape ecology spatial analysis and geochemical modelling methods. A case study is presented for the analysis of geochemical landscapes in central Sweden. Results show that the method can be used efficiently for the risk assessment of toxic mine contaminants in the complex wetland landscape in the study area.     

Assessment of drainage discharge for widening the M1 motorway between junctions 25 and 28

The method of how surface water from highway drainage systems is assessed has been refined and the changes have been implemented towards achieving compliance with the Water Framework Directive (WFD). This directive has identified the need to significantly improve the surface water quality in the United Kingdom and Europe. Our road network plays a significant part in achieving a legacy of better environmental standards, and developments in the assessment and control of the drainage discharge, demonstrate commitment towards this. This paper discusses some of these changes and presents how the M1 Widening project addressed the requirement of obtaining appropriate source data.     

天津市北塘排污河不同水期的水质状况评价

以天津市北塘排污河为研究对象,检测分析了丰水期、平水期、枯水期的14个水质指标,采用改进的主成分分析法和内梅罗环境质量指数法分别对北塘排污河三个水期的水质状况进行了评价。运用改进的主成分分析法找出了主要污染断面和主要污染物,同时对影响水质的因素进行了初步探讨。运用内梅罗指数法验证了改进的主成分分析法的结论,并得出了三个水期的相对污染程度。结果表明,在丰水期和平水期,华明桥断面污染最为严重;在枯水期,赤贯桥断面污染最为严重。丰水期的主要污染物为镍、COD、锰、锌、铜;平水期为锌、COD、锰、浊度、铜;枯水期为锰、锌、铜、COD。北塘排污河污染状况普遍表现为枯水期〉丰水期〉平水期。     

建筑给排水工程质量及安全问题的预防及对策分析

建筑给排水工程在施工和使用的过程中经常会出现一些质量问题,在施工、采购过程中出现的监督不到位是重要原因之一。本文从建筑给排水工程施工中和监督中对质量问题的预防及解决对策进行分析,并从设计角度探讨一下改善的办法。     

建筑给排水安装施工中如何合理使用给水管材

本文针对建筑给排水管材的选用原则性、要点进行了分析,并且对这些管材在给排水工程中的应用进行了说明,提出了在建筑给水管材中的选购因素和注意事项。     

对城市给排水节水设计的思考

面对全球范围内的经济发展,水资源严重匮乏的问题日益凸显。由于城市生产、生活对于水资源的需求量很大,所以排水的节水设计就显得非常重要。因此,为了实现可持续发展,应当加强给排水节水设计。     

浅谈建筑给水排水专业设计质量检查中的若干问题

本文是根据2007年9月3~5日省建筑工程设计质量检查工作情况汇报材料整理而成,主要论述了设计质量检查中发现的主要问题、当前存在着亟待解决的问题和几点建议等三个方面的内容,目的是使同行对目前设计及审查中出现的问题有所了解和认识,以便共同提高设计和审查的质量。     

浅谈给排水工程施工过程中的管理

作者结合多年的工程经验从严格控制材料的进场和检验,做好对现场人员的思想教育工作,做好现场施工中的环境问题和保护措施,施工中具体技术方面的施工管理等方面就如何加强给排水施工现场管理提出的建议和看法,具有一定的参考价值。     

城市给排水工程管道的应用选择

对给排水工程管道的材质和性能进行对比，提出在不同环境下的适用管材。     

关于建筑给排水节水对策分析

合理利用并保护地球水资源直接关系着人类的发展。本文针对建筑给排水节水对策进行分析,并从以下六个方面进行探讨,分析、阐述建筑行业关于节能减排方面的一些新技术,希望对从事建筑给排水节水工作人员有所帮助。     

市政给排水工程施工质量探讨

本文对市政给排水工程的施工质量的一些影响因素和控制措施做了一些浅要的分析。     

Influence of water and sediment quality on benthic biota in an acidified river

Water and sediment quality and benthic biota were investigated in all seasons during three years in the River Akagawa that receives the effluent from a mine drainage treatment plant at its upstream site. The upper reaches kept the low pH, the comparatively high concentrations of metals and a large amount of iron deposited on the riverbed. The predominant macroinvertebrates were Protonemura sp., Capnidae, Nemoura sp. and Chironomidae in the upper and middle reaches. In the lowest reaches, the community structure of the macroinvertebrate changed into Chironomidae, Trichoptera (Hydropsychidae) and Ephemeroptera (Baetis sp.) as the pH was increased. From the results of multivariate analyses, it was found that the restoration of pH and attached algae and the increase in the concentrations of nutrients and organic matter promoted the inhabitation of Chironomidae and Hydropsychidae, whereas the dissolved metals in the river water inhibited the inhabitation of these families. Moreover, the sedimentation of metals would cause a severe damage to the inhabitation of Hydropsychidae compared with that of Chironomidae.