秸秆载体腐解对微生物修复石油污染的影响

以一种农作物秸秆(简称MG)为载体,采用高效石油烃降解菌群制备固定化微生物,在花盆中模拟石油污染土壤的原位修复。在污染土壤中分别加入秸秆（MG）、游离菌、秸秆（MG）+游离菌、秸秆（MG）固定化微生物,并以只含土著菌的土壤样品为对照,定期测定不同修复方式下土样中石油烃、腐殖质、胡敏酸含量和微生物数量,考察微生物对石油污染土壤的修复作用及MG腐解对修复的影响。结果表明,随着修复的进行, MG在土壤中逐渐腐解,土壤中腐殖质和胡敏酸质量分数明显增高,加入固定化微生物的土样中腐殖质和胡敏酸质量分数增长率最高,分别增加了4458%和3927%;加入固定化微生物的土样修复35 d的石油烃降解率最高,达到4178%,且微生物数量最多,其次为添加MG+游离菌的土样,石油烃降解率为 3175%,均高于只含游离菌土样的石油烃降解率2783%。载体MG腐解产生的腐殖质和胡敏酸对石油污染土壤的修复起到了明显的促进作用。     

固定化微生物应用于生物修复石油污染土壤

 从石油污染土样中筛选和纯化了2株降解石油污染物的高效微生物菌株H和F，以它们为生物活性物质，采用生物大分子仿生合成出的纳米多孔SiO₂为载体，通过表面吸附固定化方法将其固定，制备出固定化微生物。将固定化微生物应用于含有石油污染物土壤的生物修复。结果表明，该固定化微生物对石油污染物50h一次降解率高达96.2%；通过8次的反复实验，50h的原油降解效果保持在85%以上。     

改性秸秆载体固定化微生物修复石油污染土壤

采用酸性氧化改性秸秆XMG以增强其对微生物的吸附,考察改性剂浓度、改性时间和改性温度对XMG表面官能团含量和吸菌性能的影响;以改性XMG为载体制备固定化微生物用于石油污染土壤的修复,考察其修复效果。结果表明,采用10 mol/L的乙酸在70℃下改性30 min获得了最佳改性XMG,其酸性官能团中羧基摩尔浓度从改性前的0.08 mmol/L增至0.19 mmol/L、内酯基摩尔浓度从0.34 mmol/L增至1.28 mmol/L、羟基摩尔浓度从0.12 mmol/L增至1.07 mmol/L,微生物的吸附量(OD600)从0.209增至0.297,表明改性XMG更有利于吸附微生物。改性XMG固定化微生物与未改性XMG固定化微生物相比,35 d修复石油污染土壤的石油降解率从40.3%提高到了42.9%。     

堆肥污泥复合载体固定化微生物修复石油污染土壤

为了修复石油烃污染土壤并实现堆肥污泥的有效利用,以堆肥污泥和海藻酸钠作为复合载体,固定实验室筛选出的高效石油烃降解菌群制成复合载体固定化小球,用于修复石油烃污染土壤。考察了堆肥污泥质量分数、粒径大小对固定化小球性能的影响,通过扫描电镜观察堆肥污泥添加前后固定化小球中菌群的变化,比较了不同处理方法修复石油烃污染土壤的方案,确定了最佳修复方法。结果表明：当添加堆肥污泥的质量分数为1%时,固定化小球传质性能达到56%;当堆肥污泥的粒径从0.60 mm减小到0.25 mm时,石油烃的吸附率提高了17.14百分点;添加堆肥污泥制备的固定化小球处理土壤后,其内部可观察到的菌体数量明显增多,且降解后土壤中碳数≤15的石油烃占比增加,微生物群落丰度更高,是最佳的污染土壤修复方法。     

石油污染土壤菌根修复技术研究

植物根际是一个能降解土壤中污染物的生物活跃区。应用茵根修复技术对某污灌区石油烃污染土壤进行了处理。在污染土壤中种植玉米和黄豆,通过施加不同的茵剂,采取茵剂和茵根强化修复措施,在一个生长季节后,土壤中石油类污染物降解率可达53％-78％。本研究为该地区石油污染土壤的治理提供了有力的技术保证。     

石油污染土壤修复技术应用现状

石油开采、贮存及运输过程中泄漏事故屡有发生,对受其污染的土壤进行有效治理成为社会关注的焦点。本文介绍了石油污染问题及物理、化学、生物治理方法,着重介绍了微生物修复技术的分类及应用现状,探讨了降解微生物筛选和定植、石油烃生物可利用度改善等制约生物修复效果的关键因素。     

探讨石油污染土壤的微生物技术研究

随着我们中国社会的不断发展,能源和环境问题成为了我国社会经济发展过程中所面临的突出问题.石油对土壤的污染主要是来源于在石油勘探、开采、运输、储存、加工以及生产过程,而石油开采工作过程中的落地原油受到地球的吸引,在毛细血管力的作用下沿土壤深度方位迁移并出现平面扩散,因此在油井区域的周遭大部分面积的土壤会更容易受到石油的污...     

固体微生物菌剂在克拉玛依石油污染土壤 生物修复中的应用

分析了克拉玛依石油污染土壤的理化性质,采用固体微生物菌剂对该土壤进行生物修复,考察了最优修复条件及修复过程中土壤微生物数量、酶活性和石油烃组分的变化。结果表明,克拉玛依石油污染土壤是以粉砂为主的灰漠土,含水率低,含油率高,弱碱性,土壤中三大营养元素（氮、磷、钾）的有效含量低,不利于微生物的生长繁殖。最优修复条件为土壤孔隙度55%、含水率25%、固体菌剂添加量5%、氮/磷摩尔比10、生物表面活性剂添加量05%,在此条件下经过60 d的生物修复,含油率由最初的407%下降到181%,降解率为5553%,小于C27的正构烷烃得到了明显的降解,土壤中的微生物数量、酶活性（脱氢酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性和多酚氧化酶活性）均有所提高。在生物修复过程中,单靠改善外在环境条件进行生物刺激,无法有效去除石油烃,添加微生物菌剂进行生物强化是去除土壤中石油类污染物的关键因素。     

石油污染土壤微生物群落分布特征

采用高通量测序法研究东营某炼油厂不同污染程度的土壤中细菌、真菌和古菌的群落结构,分析石油污染对土壤微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明:微生物群落可操作分类单元(OTU)数量随着油污土壤油含量的增加先增多后减少;Beta多样性与土壤石油污染程度有一定的关系;受污染程度相近的土壤样品,微生物群落结构的相似度较高.细菌、真菌、古...     

固定化微生物对石油污染土壤生物学特性的影响

在固定化微生物对石油污染土壤修复35d的过程中,考察了土壤脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、脲酶活性及细菌数量几种生物学特性的变化规律,进一步分析其石油烃降解率变化与酶活性、细菌数量之间的相关性,并以添加游离菌、秸秆及土著菌的土壤对照。结果表明,固定化微生物修复石油污染土壤的各个阶段,细菌数量、酶活性均高于对照组,石油烃降解效果最好,降解率高达40.8%;土壤的脲酶活性与其石油烃降解率的相关性最显著,相关性系数为0.994,可以作为固定化微生物降解石油污染土壤效果的指标。     

激活剂对石油污染土壤修复的强化作用及修复条件的优化

在石油污染土壤生物修复实验中,通过添加氮源、葡萄糖、H₂O₂、木屑4种不同作用的激活剂来强化修复,考察了激活剂的强化修复效果以及各激活剂之间的相互关系,并在单因素实验的基础上,选定氮源、H₂O₂和木屑的添加量3个影响显著性因素进行响应面优化实验研究,得到最优实验条件,并建立了土壤石油残留率与各激活剂添加量的二次回归方程。结果表明,石油污染土壤生物修复的最佳实验条件为C/N质量比24.6、H₂O₂的加入量（质量分数）0.32%,木屑加入量2.9%;在此条件下,石油污染土壤强化修复30 d后的石油残留率的理论值达43.6%(以修复前土壤样品的石油烃含量为基准), 验证值为42.4%,两者相差不大,该模型能用于预测和分析添加激活剂强化修复石油污染土壤的情况。     

Enhanced Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soils through Cold-adapted Bacteria

The aim of this article is to develop an innovative microbial-enhanced aerobic bioremediation technique, which is viable within a western Canadian context where cold climate conditions exist. Soil samples from the petroleum contaminated Cantuar site, which is located in southwestern Saskatchewan, were picked up. A specific cold-adapted strain was screened and acquired. A regeneration/re-enhancement technology was then developed to obtain strains with highly environmentally adapted specifics. The performance of isolated inocula for bioremediation enhancement was examined in a batch scale reactor. Benzene removal rate in soil slurry was significantly increased after 45 days of treatment, resulting in that the added screened bacteria could adapt to the inherent cold environment and had enhanced the efficiencies of biodegradation. Relations among contaminants removal rate, microbial growth, and production of biosurfactants were tracked as well. Results showed a better understanding of the microbial activities during the biodegradation.     

Enhanced Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soils through Cold-adapted Bacteria

Abstract

The aim of this article is to develop an innovative microbial-enhanced aerobic bioremediation technique, which is viable within a western Canadian context where cold climate conditions exist. Soil samples from the petroleum contaminated Cantuar site, which is located in southwestern Saskatchewan, were picked up. A specific cold-adapted strain was screened and acquired. A regeneration/re-enhancement technology was then developed to obtain strains with highly environmentally adapted specifics. The performance of isolated inocula for bioremediation enhancement was examined in a batch scale reactor. Benzene removal rate in soil slurry was significantly increased after 45 days of treatment, resulting in that the added screened bacteria could adapt to the inherent cold environment and had enhanced the efficiencies of biodegradation. Relations among contaminants removal rate, microbial growth, and production of biosurfactants were tracked as well. Results showed a better understanding of the microbial activities during the biodegradation.     

Assessment of In Situ Bioremediation of Oil Contaminated Soil and Groundwater in a Petroleum Refinery: A Laboratory Soil Column Study

Precipitation and seasonal water level fluctuations mostly add to the problem of soil and groundwater contamination and lead to pollution of capillary fringe layer and exacerbation of groundwater contamination. At the Tehran Oil Refining Company (TORC), with critical problem of soil and groundwater pollution, finding a suitable remediation method has been a big concern. As bioremediation is one of the most economically and technically attractive decontamination methods, it was chosen for preliminary study to solve this problem. For simulation of the region, soil column treatment method by using oil habituated indigenous microorganisms of the area was selected. The main purpose was assessing the suitability of bioremediation method in the target area for treatment of capillary fringe layer. Two columns (one as treatment column and the other as a control) were designed and the variation of different parameters including dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, the number of viable and active microorganisms (CFU/mL), and biodegradation rate during 30 working days were recorded. The experiments showed that a major part of degrading microorganisms were facultative anaerobic. pH was not an inhibiting factor and the number of active microorganisms was increasing during aeration time. The results of solvent extraction method also revealed that during 30 days, about 6% of total petroleum hydrocarbon in columns was biologically degraded. Finally, it was disclosed that bioremediation method could be effective in solving the area's pollution problem. However, new studies should be conducted to optimize the biodegradation rate and extrapolate from the laboratory scale results to the field ones.     

原油污染土壤生物治理研究初探

治理原油污染土壤的经济，简便方法是就地生物治理法，掌握生物治理方法，进行处理能力测试是有效开展治理工作的前提，通过实验研究确定向油污土壤中添加营养物和原油降解菌能加速原油降解。     

利用本源微生物修复技术处理含油土壤试验研究

利用本源微生物对受石油污染土壤进行了生物修复的室内试验。研究表明,在添加双氧水电子受体和适量的营养盐后,75天内土壤中石油烃的去除率可达到62．5％;添加表面活性剂可以促进微生物对石油烃的生物降解,在添加0．05％（ω）的吐温一40后,75天内土壤中的石油烃去除率可由62．5％提高到了88．6％。试验证明对含油土壤进行生物修复是可行的。     

The Surveying of Soil and Groundwater Pollution in a Petroleum Refinery and the Potential of Bioremediation for Oil Decontamination

Soil contamination with crude oil is an important worldwide issue and the remediation of oil contaminated soils, sediments and groundwater is a major environmental challenge. In the target area of this survey, which is a petroleum refinery near Tehran, soil and groundwater pollution, and its source, contaminated area, and distribution of pollution were studied by means of different measurements. Oil content and volatile organic compounds were measured to determine soil and groundwater contamination. The investigations showed that the contamination of soil which is mainly silt and clay has reached to the groundwater which is around 20 m underground and formed an oily layer mainly containing gasoline, kerosene, and gas oil with different thicknesses in the whole area. The free oil existing over the groundwater table could be removed by physical ways such as pump and treat method but decontamination of soil is more complex. Due to long-lasting contamination of the field, the existence of accumulated indigenous microorganisms and the probable ability of them to effectively biodegrade pollutants by man-assisted interventions are expected. In this survey in order to clarify the contamination problem, some experiments have been done on the region soil and groundwater. Besides, the feasibility assessment of bioremediation in the investigated area is performed.