无铅铜铋轴承合金的摩擦学特性

采用粉末冶金方法制备了几种典型铜基轴承合金,在HDM-20端面摩擦磨损试验机上进行了边界润滑条件下的摩擦磨损试验,分析了其摩擦学性能.结果表明:3.0％ Bi铜铋轴承合金具有较好的减摩、抗粘着性能,与典型铜铅轴承合金(Cu10Sn10Pb)相比,减摩性能稍好,耐磨性能稍差;两种轴承合金磨损量均随速度的增加而增加,而摩擦系数则随速度增加而降低.摩擦磨损过程中析出表面的铋可起减摩、抗粘着作用,并存在铋的析出、磨损脱落的过程.     

Friction and wear characteristics of hot-extruded leaded aluminum bearing alloys

The friction and wear characteristics of hot-extruded Al-Pb alloys with lead contents in the range 0–25 wt.% and as-cast Al-Pb alloys with lead content of 20 wt.% were investigated under dry-sliding conditions using a pin-on-disc test machine. It was found that hot extrusion greatly decreased the porosity that was caused by powerful stirring and considerably improved the mechanical properties of stircast Al-Pb alloys, including wear behavior. The coefficient of friction and wear rate decreased with increasing lead content, and especially the antiseizure property of hot-extruded Al-Pb alloys containing 20 wt.% and 25 wt.% lead were improved remarkably. Optical observation revealed that the reason for this was the formation of a black compact film of lubricant that covered almost the entire worn surface of specimens at a highly applied load level. This film is a mixture of different constituents containing Al, Fe, Si, O, and Pb.     

不同环境条件下铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的摩擦磨损性能

在2A12铝合金表面通过微弧氧化制备氧化铝陶瓷膜。用X射线衍射仪分析薄膜的相构成,用涡流测厚仪测量膜层的厚度,用自动转塔显微硬度计测量薄膜的显微硬度,利用微摩擦磨损试验机研究Al2O3薄膜/Si3N4球在干摩擦及水润滑下的摩擦磨损特性,用非接触表面三维形貌仪测量薄膜的磨损体积,并采用扫描电镜观察磨痕的表面形貌。结果表明:2A12铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜主要由α-Al2O3相和γ-Al2O3相组成;干摩擦时,薄膜主要发生磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损,摩擦因数随法向载荷和滑行速度的增大分别从0.79和0.82增加到0.87,磨损率则分别从4.07×10?5mm3/(N.m)和4.36×10?5mm3/(N.m)增加到9.69×10?5mm3/(N.m);水润滑时,薄膜主要发生摩擦化学磨损和疲劳磨损,摩擦因数随法向载荷和滑行速度的增大分别从0.69和0.67下降到0.65,磨损率则分别从3.84×10?5mm3/(N.m)和2.89×10?5mm3/(N.m)增加到4.47×10?5mm3/(N.m);薄膜在干摩擦时的摩擦因数和磨损率都大于相同实验参数下水润滑时的摩擦因数和磨损率,表明水介质有效地改善了体系的摩擦条件,降低了薄膜的磨损。     

Tribological properties of solid lubricating film/microarc oxidation coating on Al alloys

A process for preparation of solid lubricating films on micro-arc oxidation（MAO） coating was introduced to provide self-lubricating and wear-resistant multilayer coatings for aluminum alloys. The friction and wear behavior of various burnished and bonded solid lubricating films on the as-deposited and polished micro-arc oxidation coatings sliding against steel and ceramic counterparts was evaluated with a Timken tester and a reciprocating friction and wear tester, respectively. The burnished and bonded solid lubricating films on the polished micro-arc oxidation coatings are superior to the as-deposited ones in terms of the wear resistant behavior, because they lead to strengthened interfacial adhesion between the soft lubricating top-film and the hard polished MAO sub-coating, which helps increase the wear resistance of the solid lubricating film on multilayer coating. Thus the multilayer coatings are potential candidates as self-lubricating and wear-resistant coatings for Al alloy parts in engineering applications.     

Tribological characteristics of new series of Al-Sn-Si alloys

1　INTRODUCTIONTheexcellenttribologicalpropertiesofAl SiandAl Snalloyshaveledtotheirextensiveusesinengi neeringapplications,particularlyin plainbearings ,internalcombustionenginepistonsandcylinderlin ers[13] .TheAl Snalloyspossessanti frictionproper tiesbecauseofthesoftSnadditive .Al Sialloysshowexcellentwearing resistancecharacteristicsbecausetheycontainhardSi.Althoughthetwocategoriesofalloysmeetmanyservicerequirements ,suchashighstrength to massratio ,excellentcorrosionresistance ,go…     

Tribological behavior of high specific strength PTFE-Al alloy composite

Solid lubricants lead to substantial weight savings relative to the use of liquid lubricant, especially in the weight-conscious aerospace industry. A new PTFE-Al alloy composite（A） containing 60% area proportion of PTFE composite was developed. Another type of common metal-plastics multilayer composite, also called DU, was selected for a comparative investigation. Friction and wear tests were carried out in an oscillating sliding tribotester in air at an oscillating frequency of 0.13 Hz and contact mean pressures from 10 to 80 MPa. The composites slid against a 38CrMoAlA steel shaft. The results show that the composite A exhibits low coefficient of dry sliding friction less than 0.1 and long wear life of 2 000 m. This is because the composite A can provide a sufficient solid lubrication during the whole tests. SEM examination of the transfer films for the composite A confirms that uniform, thin and coherent transfer films are prerequisites for low friction and good wear resistance.     

Tribological property and wear mechanism of undercooled Ni-Pb monotectic alloys

1　INTRODUCTIONMonotecticalloyshaveperfectphysicalandchemicalpropertiesandcanbeusedasself lubricatingmaterials ,electricalcontactmaterials ,superconductingmaterialsetc[13] .However ,itisverydifficulttofabricatemono tecticalloyswithhomogeneousstructuresbyemployingconventionalcasting ,becausetheparentliquiddecompos esquicklyintotwodistinctimmiscibleliquidsintheim miscibilitygap[4 6 ] .Theproblemhasdelayedtheutiliza tionofmonotecticalloysasindustrialmaterialsandsys tematicresearchonthesolidif…     

凹凸棒石黏土作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能

采用SRV-IV摩擦磨损试验机考察了凹凸棒石黏土作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能,借助SEM及EDS分析了摩擦表面的微观形貌及元素组成。结果表明,在试验所用的载荷和频率条件下,加入凹凸棒石黏土之后润滑油的摩擦因数和磨损量均有不同程度的降低。固定频率10Hz,当载荷为50N时,平均摩擦因数降低幅度达到了43.08%,当载荷为20N时,上下试样磨损率降低幅度分别达到了59.05%和85.48%。加入凹凸棒石黏土之后磨损表面更加光滑平整,表面氧元素含量升高。这主要归因于凹凸棒石黏土的层链状晶体结构和摩擦过程中复杂的物理化学过程。     

含纳米金刚石润滑油减摩抗磨添加剂的摩擦学性能

研制了一种含纳米金刚石润滑油节能抗磨添加剂，对其摩擦学性能及机制进行了研究。结果表明：所研制的含纳米金刚石润滑油抗磨添加剂上有优异的摩擦学性能，摩擦表面存在含金刚石的表面膜。     

润滑条件下WC-CoCr涂层的磨损行为

研究了在润滑条件下,WC-CoCr涂层与SiC摩擦副对磨时的摩擦和磨损性能,分析了加载载荷和润滑条件(干摩擦、润滑脂、金刚石研磨膏)对WC-CoCr涂层摩擦系数和磨损量的影响规律,对涂层的磨损机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明:脂润滑时,WC-CoCr涂层与SiC摩擦副对磨时的摩擦系数和磨损率降为最小,其中摩擦系数基本在0.1左右波动;金刚石研磨膏润滑时,磨损率高达1.521 24×10-6 g/m,为干摩擦条件下的2.68倍,抗磨减摩效果不理想;干摩擦时,涂层表面存在硬挤压痕,主要磨损机制为微切削并伴随着塑性变形,而在金刚石研磨膏润滑条件下,三体磨粒磨损起主导作用。     

铜铬触头材料的摩擦磨损性能

分别采用熔渗法和混粉压烧法制备技术生产出2种铜铬触头材料,其含铜量均为48%~52%,余量为铬。利用销盘式摩擦磨损实验机对这2种技术制备的铜铬材料的摩擦磨损性能进行了比较研究。结果表明:在本实验条件下,同一载荷稳定状态时2种铜铬触头材料的摩擦系数基本相当,约在0.32~0.36之间;随着载荷的增加其摩擦系数略有增加;磨损质量损失随载荷的增加而增大,低载荷时,混粉法制备的铜铬合金具有较低的磨损率,高载荷时熔渗法具有较低的磨损率;低载荷时2种铜铬合金的磨损破坏机制都以粘着和微切削机理为主,高载荷时以磨损表面的片状或颗粒簇剥落为主。     

Tribological and corrosion behavior of PEO coatings with graphite nanoparticles on AZ91 and AZ80 magnesium alloys

The effect of the addition of graphite nanoparticles into the electrolyte used to produce plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings on AZ91 and AZ80 magnesium alloys was studied. The corrosion and wear resistances of the obtained coatings were investigated. A solution that contained both phosphates and silicates was used as electrolyte. Moreover, two different PEO treatment times were studied. The corrosion resistance was analyzed with potentiodynamic polarization and EIS tests; the wear resistance was investigated with a flat on ring tribometer. The results were related to the morphology, microstructure, elemental composition and thickness evaluated with SEM analysis. The presence of the graphite nanoparticles increased the thickness, produced a densification of the coating and sealed the pores on the surface, thus improving both the corrosion and wear resistance. The increase in the corrosion and wear resistances was more evident for AZ91 than for AZ80 due to the higher aluminum content.     

Tribological behavior and wear mechanism of resin-matrix contact strip against copper with electrical current

The resin-matrix pantograph contact strip （RMPCS）, which has excellent abrasion resistance with electrical current and friction-reducing function, was developed in view of the traditional contact strips with high maintenance cost, high wear rate with electrical current and severe damage to the copper conducting wire. The characteristics of worn surfaces, cross-section and typical elemental distributions of RMPCS were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersion spectrometry （EDS）. The wear behavior and arc discharge of RMPCS against copper were investigated with self-made electrical wear tester. The results show that the electrical current plays a critical role in determining the wear behavior, and the wear rate of the RMPCS against copper with electrical current is 2.7-5.8 times higher than the value without electrical current. The wear rate of the contact strip increases with the increase of the sliding speed and electrical current density. The main wear mechanism of RMPCS against copper without electrical current is low stress grain abrasive and slightly adhesive wear, while arc erosion wear and oxidation wear are the dominate mechanism with electrical current, which is accompanied by adhesive wear during the process of wear.     

Tribological behavior of Ni-Cr-based composite at high temperatures

The wear behavior of Ni-Cr-based alloys was investigated at ambient and elevated temperatures. The wear samples were prepared by metallurgical hot pressing. Wear tests were carded out on a general purpose wear testing machine having a heating unit and pin-disc sample configuration. The counterface material was prepared from Al2O3 ceramics. The tests were carded out at room temperature （RT）, 200 ℃ and 600℃. The effects of temperatures on the tribological properties were determined by using optical microscopy, and X-ray diffractometry. The results show that at room temperature the worn surfaces of the alloys are characterized by mild scuffing and micro cracks, the action of nano-crystal structural wear debris on the worn surfaces is responsible for the reduction of friction. At 200℃, the friction coefficient is the highest. The worn surfaces of the alloys are adhesive and oxidative. At 600℃, the friction coefficient is reduced due to the effect of the oxides, tungstates and sulfides residue on the worn surface.     

TA15钛合金高温摩擦磨损性能研究

目的 为探究TA15钛合金高温耐磨性能的潜力,研究了TA15钛合金在室温~800 ℃下的摩擦磨损性能。方法 利用Rtec摩擦磨损试验机(Rtec,San Jose,USA)进行TA15钛合金的摩擦磨损性能测试,通过激光共聚焦显微镜、JSM-7800F扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等手段,分析了TA15钛合金在不同温度下的磨痕形貌、成分变化以及磨损机理。结果 在不同试验温度下,微观组织没有出现明显变化,主要为等轴α相和β相;不同温度下的摩擦因数波动不大,从室温的0.279下降到600 ℃的0.224,而在800 ℃时,表面严重氧化导致摩擦因数增大到0.309;在室温~400 ℃时,试样表面磨痕不断变窄变浅,犁沟和磨屑不断减少,而到400 ℃以上时磨痕逐渐变宽,比磨损率也大幅增大,且在600 ℃时的磨损量最大;在600 ℃时,以氧化磨损为主,并伴随着磨粒磨损和黏着磨损,且表面磨痕形貌和宽度比较均匀;在800 ℃时磨损表面以黏着磨损和氧化磨损为主,并伴随着高温焊接的发生。结论 TA15合金表面的O元素含量随温度的升高而逐渐升高,并且氧化反应主要发生在β相内。随着试验温度的升高,TA15钛合金磨损表面的氧化磨损现象也更加明显。     

CoCrMo合金表面掺金属类金刚石薄膜的摩擦学性能

采用非平衡磁控溅射结合阳极型气体离子源技术在CoCrMo合金表面制备掺钨类金刚石薄膜(WDLC)和掺钛类金刚石薄膜(Ti-DLC)。利用努氏显微硬度计、结合力划痕仪、摩擦磨损试验机、表面形貌仪和洛氏硬度计表征膜层的力学性能,并用扫描电镜分析磨损形貌,探讨薄膜磨损机理。结果表明:所制备的2种薄膜均具有典型的DLC薄膜特征,W-DLC薄膜的硬度、结合力和摩擦磨损性能均优于Ti-DLC薄膜,更适合于CoCrMo合金的表面强化处理;CoCrMo合金的磨损机制主要为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损,而Ti-DLC/CoCrMo和W-DLC/CoCrMo的磨损机制以滑动磨损为主伴随极少量的磨粒磨损;经DLC薄膜处理,摩擦因数从CoCrMo合金的0.578降低到0.2以下,磨损率也降低了2个数量级,大幅度地提高了CoCrMo合金的摩擦磨损性能。     

Tribological behavior of different films on Ti-6Al-4V alloy prepared by plasma-based ion implantation

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｉ 6Ａｌ 4Ｖａｌｌｏｙｉｓｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎａｖｉａｔｉｏｎ ,ｓｐａｃｅａｎｄｍｅｄｉｃａｌｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓｂｕｔｒｅｓｔｒｉｃｔｅｄｔｏｔｒｉｂｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｔｏａｃｅｒｔａｉｎｅｘｔｅｎｔ[1,2 ] .Ｔｈｅｕｓｅｏｆａｎｅｗｃｏｓｔ ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ ,ｐｌａｓｍａ ｂａｓｅｄｉｏｎｉｍｐｌａｎｔａ ｔｉｏｎ (ＰＢＩＩ) ,ｆｏｒｉｍｐｒｏｖｉｎｇｓｕｒｆａｃｅ ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｂｙｆｏｒｍｉｎｇＴｉＮ ,ｃａｒｂｉｄ…     

Tribological behavior of Ni/Sn metallic multilayer composites

The tribological behavior of Ni/Sn multilayer composites was studied. Composites with varied layer thickness and tin volume fraction were prepared by electrodeposition. The coefficient of friction and wear rate of these composites were characterized by pin-on-disk and block-on-ring tests. Both results suggested that soft tin acted as a solid lubricant between the contacting surfaces. Tin-rich films were detected on both the specimen and the steel wear pair surfaces, and wear resistance greatly depended on the thickness, area coverage, composition, and stability of this interfacial film. Specimens with a lower tin content and/or a thinner layer spacing exhibited enhanced wear resistance compared to those with a higher tin content and/or thicker layers. This was attributed to both the solid-lubricating effect of the tin and the enhanced mechanical properties of the multilayered composites.     

类金刚石膜对CoCrMo合金摩擦性能的影响

目的研究类金刚石膜(DLC)在不同工况条件下的摩擦性能。方法使用磁控溅射技术,在CoCrMo合金表面沉积掺杂Cr元素的DLC薄膜。通过X射线衍射能谱和拉曼光谱对DLC膜表面的化学成分进行分析,采用扫描电镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)观察DLC膜的表面形貌,借助摩擦试验仪测试DLC膜在不同工况条件下的摩擦性能。结果薄膜表面呈现颗粒状结构,且薄膜表面粗糙度在10 nm左右,物相分析表明,DLC薄膜为非晶化结构。在牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和NaCl溶液润滑条件下,DLC/CoCrMo摩擦副的平均摩擦系数(COF)分别趋于0.08,磨损区域存在少量的刮痕;而在干摩擦条件下,摩擦系数曲线表现出由高到低的变化趋势,平均摩擦系数约为0.21,同时在销磨损表面能观察到石墨化转移层。当接触压力为1 MPa时,平均摩擦系数约为0.10;接触压力增加至8 MPa时,平均摩擦系数约为0.08。结论润滑条件下,DLC膜表面悬键被钝化,减小其与配副表面之间的相互作用力,因此摩擦系数较低;干摩擦条件下,石墨化转移层充当固体润滑层,最终导致摩擦系数呈现下降趋势。DLC薄膜对摩擦配副具有明显的减摩效果。     

纳米结构材料摩擦学研究进展

近10年来,由于潜在的工业应用价值,纳米晶体材料的摩擦磨损性能开始引起科研工作者的重视。很多实验结果证明,当晶粒尺寸细化到纳米量级时,材料显示出与其粗晶态不同的摩擦磨损性能。纳米结构材料的摩擦磨损性能受众多因素的影响,包括晶粒尺寸、硬度、塑性、弹性、表面层组织与成分等。