温度对高速电弧喷涂FeNiBSi/Cr_3C_2复合涂层热腐蚀性能的影响

采用高速电弧喷涂技术在45钢基体上制备出Fe Ni BSi/Cr3C2复合涂层.采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析涂层的显微结构,以及X射线衍射分析涂层相组成.试验选用摩尔比为7∶3的Na2SO4+K2SO4饱和水溶液为腐蚀介质涂刷于试样表面,并以20G钢作对比材料,在550~750℃下研究了涂层的抗热腐蚀性能.结果表明,涂层具有典型的层状结构特征,致密且连续.涂层的抗热腐蚀性能明显优于20G钢.在550和650℃下涂层表面形成了致密的氧化膜(Fe2O3,Cr2O3和Fe Cr2O4)阻碍了熔盐的侵入,提高了涂层抗热腐蚀性能.在750℃下涂层氧化膜变得不完整,不能有效地阻隔熔盐,此时涂层的抗热腐蚀性能较差.     

高速电弧喷涂FeCrNiB/Cr3C2涂层的热腐蚀行为

采用高速电弧喷涂工艺在45钢基体上制备FeCrNiB/Cr3C2涂层。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等手段分析了涂层微观组织和相组成。在650℃下研究了涂层的涂盐热腐蚀行为,腐蚀介质选用质量比为75∶25的Na2SO4+NaCl混合盐,并与20G钢作对比研究。结果表明,涂层具有典型的层状结构特征,致密且连续,涂层的抗热腐蚀性能都要优于20G钢。在650℃下涂层表面形成了Fe2O3、Cr2O3和FeCr2O4等致密的氧化膜,阻碍了熔盐的侵入,提高了涂层抗热腐蚀性能。     

超音速等离子喷涂NiCrCr3C2/Mo复合涂层的高温摩擦磨损性能*

采用超音速等离子喷涂制备了NiCr-Cr3C2/Mo复合涂层,借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、显微硬度计、高温摩擦磨损试验机等手段,研究了涂层的微观组织、显微硬度及涂层在25、300、500、750℃下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:制备的NiCr-Cr3C2/Mo复合涂层Mo相分布均匀,组织致密、硬度高;温度对涂层的摩擦因数影响显著,随温度的升高,摩擦因数呈先下降后上升再下降的趋势,750℃时因摩擦界面生成MoO3减摩相使摩擦因数最低;NiCr-Cr3C2/Mo复合涂层在高温下以氧化疲劳剥落为主要失效机制,涂层表面复合氧化膜的形成特点将直接影响涂层的摩擦磨损性能,MoO3的形成是显著提高涂层减摩效果的主要因素。     

等离子喷涂与超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层组织与摩擦磨损性能研究

目的 研究等离子喷涂与超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层的组织、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能。方法 采用等离子喷涂与超音速火焰喷涂工艺制备NiCr-Cr3C2涂层,并采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、万能试验机、显微硬度计和高速往复摩擦磨损试验机,系统地分析了两种工艺所得涂层的物相、组织、结合强度、硬度及摩擦磨损性能。结果 两种工艺制备的NiCr-Cr3C2涂层与基体界面结合效果良好。等离子喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层为层片状组织,层间可见微裂纹,孔隙率较高;超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层组织均匀,无明显微裂纹,可见少量微小孔隙。物相分析表明,等离子喷涂涂层由NiCr、Cr3C2和Cr7C3相组成,而超音速火焰喷涂涂层由NiCr和Cr3C2相组成。超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层的耐磨性优于等离子喷涂涂层,等离子喷涂涂层和超音速火焰喷涂涂层的稳态摩擦系数分别为0.4和0.6。随载荷升高,两种工艺制备的NiCr-Cr3C2涂层摩擦系数均显著下降。磨损后,等离子喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层表面具有明显的凹痕和剥落,而超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层磨痕表面较光滑,未见明显剥落。两种工艺制备的涂层磨损机制均为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损。结论 超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层较等离子喷涂涂层组织更为致密,具有更为优良的综合力学性能和耐磨性,等离子喷涂制备的NiCr-Cr3C2涂层的减摩性较好。     

P91钢亚音速喷涂NiCr/Cr3C2涂层的热腐蚀行为研究

采用亚音速火焰喷涂方法在P91钢上制备了NiCr/Cr3C2涂层,研究了样品在600,650和700℃的80 ％Na2 SO4 +10％K2SO4+10％KCl(质量分数,后同)混合熔融盐中的热腐蚀行为,利用XRD和SEM分析了表面成分和结构.结果表明:喷涂NiCr/Cr3 C2涂层样品在热腐蚀过程中,腐蚀产物从样品表...     

中性盐雾对等离子喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响

利用超音速等离子喷涂(SPS)技术制备了陶瓷相增强的NiCr-Cr3C2涂层,采用线接触往复滑动方式进行摩擦磨损实验,测定了NiCr-Cr3C2涂层/Q235碳钢摩擦副在盐雾腐蚀前后涂层的摩擦系数和磨损量,此外,还采用SEM、EDS等技术观察分析了涂层表面的形貌和微区元素分布,探讨了盐雾腐蚀环境对涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明：NiCr-Cr3C2涂层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损,而盐雾腐蚀后的磨损机制为腐蚀磨损。盐雾腐蚀后涂层的摩擦系数比盐雾腐蚀前的摩擦系数降低了1/5;不过,盐雾腐蚀后涂层的磨损失重量是盐雾腐蚀前磨损失重量的5倍左右,说明盐雾腐蚀环境加速了其摩擦学性能的恶化,涂层的耐蚀性有待进一步提高。     

低碳钢表面电弧喷涂层FeNiCr/Cr_3C_2与NiCrTi的热腐蚀性能

采用高速电弧喷涂工艺在低碳钢基体表面制备了FeNiCr/Cr3C2和NiCrTi两种电弧喷涂涂层。通过光学显微镜对涂层的显微组织进行了观察研究。试验选用摩尔比为7：3的Na2SO4＋K2SO4饱和水溶液涂刷在涂层表面,在700℃的条件下进行了156 h的热腐蚀试验。通过腐蚀动力学测试对电弧喷涂涂层的抗热腐蚀性能进行了评估。采用了X射线衍射,扫描电镜和能谱分析技术对热腐蚀机理进行了探讨。结果表明,两种电弧喷涂涂层具有致密的层状结构,涂层中含有少量空隙。在涂层表面生成的连续致密的氧化膜使得NiCrTi涂层具有良好的抗热腐蚀性能。FeNiCr/Cr3C2涂层则遭受了较严重的氧化腐蚀和硫化腐蚀,并且有内硫化物析出,抗热腐蚀性能较差。     

Cr3C2-NiCr涂层的高温抗氧化和热耐腐蚀性

采用大气等离子喷涂技术制备Cr3C2-NiCr复合涂层,并对制备的Cr3C2-NiCr涂层试样进行800 ℃×100 h氧化和熔盐（Na2SO4+25 wt%NaCl）热腐蚀试验。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和带能谱的扫描电镜(SEM/EDX)分析氧化、腐蚀涂层表面和截面的成分及结构变化,探讨其高温氧化、腐蚀机理。结果表明：等离子喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr涂层具有层状组织结构,喷涂过程中无明显相分解或氧化。高温氧化后的Cr3C2-NiCr涂层表面及层片界面形成了连续、致密的Cr2O3保护膜,涂层表现出优异的抗高温氧化性能。在热腐蚀过程中,腐蚀盐破坏了涂层表面及层片界面形成的氧化膜,腐蚀性元素沿着涂层中的孔洞及层片界面扩散到涂层内部,涂层发生“活化氧化”,耐腐蚀性较差。     

高速电弧喷涂FeMnCrAl/Cr3 C2涂层热腐蚀行为

用高速电弧喷涂技术和自行研发的FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2粉芯丝材,在20钢样品表面制备了FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层,采用光学显微镜、场发射扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射等方法,对FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层的显微组织和热腐蚀行为进行了研究,并与20钢做了对比试验研究.结果表明:FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层主要由固溶相的凝片叠加组成,中间夹杂着氧化物相、未熔颗粒相和孔隙;FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层抗热腐蚀性能明显优于20钢基体,热腐蚀增重约为20钢的1/3-1/4,涂层抗腐蚀性能提高的原因主要是:涂层热腐蚀后表面生成具有保护性的、致密的含Al、Cr氧化物和Cr与Fe的复合氧化物,阻碍了涂层进一步腐蚀.     

等离子喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层对油田采出液的耐垢性分析

采用大气等离子喷涂制备NiCr-Cr3C2涂层,通过涂层显微组织观察、X射线衍射分析、能谱分析、油田采出液表面能计算及挂片试验,研究Cr3C2-NiCr涂层对油田采出液耐垢性能的影响.结果表明:等离子喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层对油田采出液接触角和表面能较低,垢物CaCO3不易附着,结垢量较少,体现出良好的耐垢性;涂层表面结垢物分布较均匀,且Ni、Cr元素参与形成垢物,而基体结垢物为CaCO3、Fe3O4,且多分布于腐蚀坑处.     

X-ray diffraction study of Ba0.985Na0.015Ti0.985Nb0.015O3, Ba0.6Na0.4Ti0.6Nb0.4O3 and Ba0.3Na0.7Ti0.3Nb0.7O3 compositions

The Ba_0.985Na_0.015Ti_0.985Nb_0.015O₃, Ba_0.6Na_0.4Ti_0.6Nb_0.4O₃ and Ba_0.3Na_0.7Ti_0.3Nb_0.7O₃ compositions of the (1 − x) BaTiO₃–xNaNbO₃ (BTNNx) system have been studied by X-ray diffraction and by measurements of dielectric properties. The specimens with composition BTNN (x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) have been refined by the JANA program from X-ray powder diffraction data. Ceramic samples with composition (1 − x) BaTiO₃ + xNaNbO₃ (where x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) were prepared by calcinations from appropriate mixture of BaCO₃, TiO₂, Na₂CO₃ and Nb₂O₅. The calcined powder was sintered at temperature range 1200–1400 °C. As the composition x increased from 0.015 (and 0.70), the ferroelectric ceramics (x = 0.015, FE) with tetragonal phase changed to the ferroelectric relaxors (RFE, x = 0.40). RFE ceramics showed a peculiar diffuse phase transition and dielectric relaxation at the low temperature (down to 180 K) due to a frustration between RFE and FE state. These ceramics present the classical ferroelectric character when 0 ≤ x < 0.075 and 0.55 < x ≤ 1 and relaxor character when 0.075 ≤ x ≤ 0.55.     

Magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe76Nb2Si13B9, Fe75Ag1Nb2Si13B9 and Fe75Cu1Nb2Si13B9 amorphous alloys

Influence of 1 h annealing in vacuum on magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉, Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ melt spun ribbons were carefully investigated. It was shown that in all cases soft magnetic properties can be significantly enhanced by applying 1-h annealing at characteristic temperatures T_op. This optimization annealing causes that permeability increases more than 15-times and magnetic losses (tangent of loss angle) achieves a minimum in relation to the as quenched state. Using structural examinations (X-ray and HRTEM) it was shown that for the Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy the optimized microstructure corresponds to a nanocrystalline αFe(Si) phase whereas in other alloys to a relaxed amorphous phase free of iron nanograins. As a consequence of this fact the Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloys show higher plasticity in comparison to the nanocrystalline Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy. Temperatures of the first stage of crystallization, and related diffusion parameters were determined using measurements of resistivity versus temperature with different heating rates.     

Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42-H2O体系的沉淀配合平衡热力学

针对草酸盐配位共沉淀热分解还原法制备超细铁镍合金粉过程中Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42--H2O体系的溶液平衡建立热力学分析模型,并根据模型进行相关计算,揭示反应体系中各物质随pH值、氨及草酸浓度的变化关系。结果表明:溶液中的Fe主要以[Fe(C2O4)n]2 2n络合物形式存在,而铁氨络合物含量很低。当氨含量较低时,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在;氨含量较高时,在酸性条件下,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在,在碱性条件下,则主要以[Ni(NH3)n]2+存在。低pH值下,Ni的沉淀率较Fe的高,而高pH值下,Ni的沉淀率则较Fe的低。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

New Zr6CoAs2-type compounds: Y6CoBi2, Ho6CoBi2 and Tm6CoBi2

Results of a powder X-ray diffraction investigation of new ternary compounds are reported. The compounds Y₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8312(1) nm, c=0.4144(1) nm], Ho₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8246(2) nm, c=0.4095(1) nm], and Tm₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8155(2) nm, c=0.4066(1) nm] crystallize in the hexagonal Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure (space group P6b2m No. 189). The Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure is a superstructure of the Fe₂P-type structure.     

Al2O3-Sm2O3-CeO2电解质的性能（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法和低温燃烧技术制备Ce1-xSmxO2（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3）和掺杂Sm和（2%-8%）Al2O3的二氧化铈;研究其合成、结构、致密化、导电性和热膨胀等性能,并利用XRD研究其结构和相组成。结果表明,于1300°C烧结球团,获得致密的陶瓷,于1250°C在Ce0.8Sm0.2O0.2中加入2%和4%的Al2O3以促进烧结。利用扫描电子显微镜观察烧结后球团的表面形貌,使用双探针交流阻抗谱研究总离子电导率。     

Zur Kenntnis von RbBa3Ca4Cu3V7O28

Single crystals of RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ were prepared above the melting point of the reaction mixture. It crystallizes with hexagonal symmetry, space group C_6V⁴-P6₃mc, a 11.1751, c 12.434 Å, Z = 2. RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ is the second member of a new structure type of the copper-oxovanadates. Ba²⁺ shows an unusual 12-fold coordination. The two calcium positions are coordinated by trigonal prisms and octahedra respectively. The copper coordination is characterized by a stretched square pyramid. The Cu²⁺ ions are outside the centre nearly in plane of the pyramids.

Zusammenfassung

Einkristalle von RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ wurden oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes der Reaktionsmischung erhalten. Die Verbindung kristallisiert hexagonal, Raumgruppe C_6V⁴-P6₃mc, a 11.1751, c 12.434 Å, Z = 2. RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ ist das zweite Beispiel für einen neuen Strukturtyp der Kupfer-Oxovanadate, mit 12-fach koordinierten Ba²⁺ -Ionen. Die zwei Calciumpositionen sind trigonal prismatisch bzw. oktaedrisch koordiniert. Die Koordination der Cu²⁺-Ionen ist durch eine gestreckte Pyramide charakterisiert. Cu²⁺ ist auβerhalb des Polyederzentrums nahezu in der quadratischen Fläche der Pyramide angeordnet.     

电弧喷涂制备Fe65Cr20Mo7B3.5SiMn1.5W3涂层

在Q235低碳钢板上利用电弧喷涂工艺进行喷涂,以制得Fe65Cr20Mo7B3.5SiMn1.5W3涂层。喷涂材料为自行配制的丝材,按照35%的填充率将配好的粉填充到U型不锈钢外皮中,经过多道拉拔、挤压工艺制成Φ2mm的粉芯丝材。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、透射电镜对涂层的物相和组织形貌及成分进行了表征;采用差示扫描量热仪、显微硬度仪等设备对涂层的热稳定性及显微硬度进行了检测和分析。试验结果表明:涂层组织形貌呈典型的层状组织结构,由变形良好的带状粒子相互搭接堆积而成。涂层含有50.63%的非晶相,同时含有纳米级的晶相。涂层组织均匀、结构致密、孔隙率低,并且涂层硬度高达1040.5HV0.3,属硬质涂层,具有良好的热稳定性。     

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.4Mn1.5Cr0.1O4 and Li4Ti5O12

Spinel compound LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄ (LNMCO) and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) were synthesized by the sol-gel method and the solid-state method, respectively. The particle sizes of the products LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄ and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ were 0.5 to 2 um and 0.5 to 0.8 um, respectively. All samples exhibited excellent electrochemical properties. A LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LNMCO/LTO) cell was fabricated and was demonstrated to exhibit good electrochemical properties at the high current rate of 1 C. When the specific capacity was determined based on the mass of the LNMCO cathode, the LNMCO/LTO cell delivered 125 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 C and 77 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 C. The capacity retentions after 30 cycles were 94.4 % and 83.1 %, respectively.