国内外增塑剂的研究与发展趋势

增塑剂作为塑料加工产业的一种重要助剂,被广泛应用于聚氯乙烯、合成橡胶、皮革加工等领域。本文介绍了增塑剂的增塑机理,概述了传统的增塑剂和几种新型无毒增塑剂的种类及其应用现状,并对国内外增塑剂的发展现状进行了简单介绍,展望了增塑剂的发展前景。     

生物基增塑剂的研究进展

基于传统石油基增塑剂在环境、卫生安全存在的问题及石油资源的日渐耗竭等原因,目前国内外致力于研究无毒环保型生物基增塑剂以取代传统增塑剂。本文综述了生物基增塑剂的分类,阐明了新型生物基增塑剂的优点,以及生物基增塑剂在增塑橡胶、PVC、PLA等方面的应用,并展望了生物基增塑剂的发展趋势。     

增塑剂行业的突围之路

增塑剂可以增加聚合物的可塑性,成为塑料、橡胶等制造工业中不可或缺的添加剂。全世界每年数百万吨(2006年增塑剂消费量是665万吨)的旺盛需求,刺激了增塑剂的生产,世界各国增塑剂企业纷纷加大产能(2007年全世界增塑剂产能达到890万吨),增塑剂行业呈现产销两旺之势。然而,近年来,由于对增塑剂的滥用,引发一系列食品、玩具等安全事件,造成了增塑剂需求减弱,严重影响了增塑剂行业的生存和发展。     

聚氯乙烯增塑剂研究进展

概述了传统聚氯乙烯增塑剂的种类以及聚氯乙烯增塑剂的增塑机制,重点介绍了几种环保聚氯乙烯增塑剂,分析了我国聚氯乙烯行业的现状以及聚氯乙烯增塑剂的发展前景。     

聚氨酯型增塑剂

介绍了一类含氨基甲酸酯基的增塑剂,即聚氨酯型增塑剂,简称PU增塑剂。并对该PU增塑剂的类型、性质和特点及典型应用进行了简要陈述。这种增塑剂与聚氨酯制品所用的普通增塑剂相比,与聚氨酯材料相容性更好,并且在使用中不易发生迁移现象。     

增塑剂的生产及研发现状

本文介绍了近几年国内外增塑剂的生产现状，并阐述了我国增塑剂产品研发状况，提出了加大绿色增塑剂产品的研发力度，发展我国增塑剂产业规模，提高其环保性能的建议。     

生物基增塑剂的制备及其应用研究（一）

近年来生物基增塑剂在功能性降解材料中的新应用领域不断增加,尽管市面上工业产品的增塑剂种类繁多,但仍以传统的石油基邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂为主。该类增塑剂长期使用后容易从PVC基质中迁移出来而对人体及环境造成严重危害。利用生物质可再生资源生产绿色无毒的环保增塑剂成为增塑剂行业发展的必然趋势。生物质可再生资源来源广泛,价格低廉,为设计绿色环保的新型PVC增塑剂提供了一个巨大的平台。本文综述了近年来国内外新型生物基增塑剂的研究进展,并指出了今后国内增塑剂及塑料加工行业助剂应用的发展方向。     

氯乙烯—乙烯异丁基醚共聚物树脂涂层的外增塑研究

研究了两种增塑剂对氯乙烯-乙烯异丁基醚共聚物树脂涂层力学性能的影响。讨论了两种增塑剂的增塑效果与增塑剂体积分数、增塑剂种类的关系。     

生物基增塑剂的制备及其应用研究（三）

近年来生物基增塑剂在功能性降解材料中的新应用领域不断增加,尽管市面上工业产品的增塑剂种类繁多,但仍以传统的石油基邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂为主。该类增塑剂长期使用后容易从PVC基质中迁移出来而对人体及环境造成严重危害。利用生物质可再生资源生产绿色无毒的环保增塑剂成为增塑剂行业发展的必然趋势。生物质可再生资源来源广泛,价格低廉,为设计绿色环保的新型PVC增塑剂提供了一个巨大的平台。文章综述了近年来国内外新型生物基增塑剂的研究进展,并指出了今后国内增塑剂及塑料加工行业助剂应用的发展方向。     

塑化剂风波与增塑剂行业对策

介绍了塑化剂(增塑剂)风波事件、主要新型环保增塑剂的性能与应用,以及用微藻为原料制备增塑剂的设想,并对我国增塑剂行业的发展方向提出了建议。     

合成柠檬酸酯类增塑剂催化剂及柠檬酸酯类增塑剂的应用

介绍柠檬酸酯类增塑剂的最新发展概况,重点阐述合成柠檬酸酯类增塑剂催化剂的研究进展及柠檬酸酯类增塑剂的应用。合成柠檬酸酯的催化剂有磺酸、固体超强酸、杂多酸、离子液体和无机盐,柠檬酸酯类增塑剂应用于食品包装、儿童玩具和医疗器具。展望柠檬酸酯类增塑剂的发展前景。     

Application of new oligomeric plasticizers based on waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) for poly(vinyl chloride) compositions

In this study, chemical recycling products of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) with oligoesters were used as new plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The preparation conditions of the dry blend mixtures of the suspension PVC containing synthesised plasticizers were similar to the conditions of the preparing mixtures with commercial plasticizers. The plasticization efficiency of PVC plasticizers was then examined by analysis of the mechanical, physical and chemical properties, as well as the thermal resistance and migration of plasticizer molecules from polymer matrix. Test results proved that compositions with synthesised oligomeric plasticizers possessed similar or better properties than those containing commercial oligomeric plasticizers and much better properties than those having monomeric plasticizers. Thermal stabilities of the proposed plasticizers were higher than those of the commercial plasticizers either monomeric (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate) or oligomeric, despite the fact that the synthesised oligoesters did not contain any antioxidant. The best properties, especially low volatility, very good mechanical properties, low migration were resulted of the transesterification of the waste PET with oligoesters based on adipic acid, triethylene glycol and 2-ethylhexanol which were selected as plasticizers synthesised on the technical scale. The tested plasticized PVC compositions possessed very good tear resistance, tensile strength, decrease of weight loss after 168 h at 80 °C and low migration. Processing properties of PVC compositions containing these synthesised plasticizers confirmed their effectiveness in these compositions for extrusion process.     

邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的检测标准现状分析

简要介绍了邻苯二甲酸醋类增塑剂的应用现状,对国内外邻苯二甲酸醋类增塑剂检测标准进行了分类和比较,客观分析了标准现状和存在的问题,并提出了对策.     

增塑剂对硅烷改性聚醚密封胶性能的影响

研究了增塑剂对硅烷改性聚醚密封胶性能的影响,以邻苯二甲酸二癸酯、聚醚二元醇、聚醚三元醇、苯甲酸酯、十五烷基磺酸苯酯为增塑剂,探讨了增塑剂与硅烷改性聚醚预聚物的相容性,以及对密封胶力学性能、固化性能、粘接性能的影响.     

增塑剂的研究与发展

对增塑剂的研究与发展做了全面的概述,重点介绍了邻苯二甲酸酯类（PAEs）作为橡塑制品增塑剂的应用与危害,指出了环保型增塑剂的发展趋势,以及我国增塑剂目前所面临的环保压力和发展状况。     

非邻苯酯类增塑剂在卷烟中的转移行为

为研究非邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂在卷烟主流烟气的转移行为,将12种非邻苯酯类增塑剂添加到卷烟烟丝中,利用剑桥滤片捕集卷烟主流烟气,剑桥滤片和烟蒂分别经二氯甲烷萃取后,使用GC/MS/SIM分析各非邻苯酯类增塑剂在主流烟气的转移率和烟蒂的截留率。结果表明:12种非邻苯酯类增塑剂在主流烟气的转移率在7.86%～15.11%之间;12种非邻苯酯类增塑剂在烟蒂中的截留率在18.65%～36.54%之间;非邻苯酯类增塑剂在烟蒂中的截留率明显高于在主流烟气中的转移率,其中己二酸二乙酯在主流烟气中的转移率最低,而在烟蒂中截留率最高。     

聚氯乙烯环保型增塑剂的合成及应用

聚氯乙烯中常用的环保型增塑剂主要有柠檬酸酯类增塑剂、对苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂、聚酯类增塑剂、偏苯三酸酯增塑剂、环己烷二羧酸酯类增塑剂、植物油基增塑剂等,通过了解和分析这些增塑剂的特征和合成,推进环保型增塑剂在塑料生产中的应用.     

PVC/plasticizer compatibility: Evaluation and its relation to processing

The compatibility of suspension poly(vinylchloride) [PVC] with twelve different plasticizers was determined using calculated compatibility predictors, as well as actual measurements of compatibility. Solubility parameters were capable of classifying plasticizers of a given family in terms of their compatibility with PVC, but were not useful for comparing plasticizers from different families. A polarity parameter, the product of the molar mass of the plasticizer and its polarity ratio, was found to be a useful predictor of activity for monomeric plasticizers.     

Some Rheological Properties of Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride With New Plasticizers

During an earlier research program a series of new plasticizers derived from an intermediate compound (I) [1] were synthesized and characterized [2]. In this paper the effect of benzoate, caproate, and valerate plasticizers on the melt flow rate (MFR) of PVC is studied. These new plasticizers were chosen since we previously found that epoxy plasticizers derived from a similar intermediate were very efficient for PVC [3], polymethyl methacrylate [4], and polystyrene [5].     

Interactions between PVC and binary or ternary blends of plasticizers. Part I. PVC/plasticizer compatibility

Solid–gel transition temperatures, t_m, were measured for PVC in binary and ternary mixtures of plasticizers. Data were used to investigate interactions between plasticizers, and their effect on t_m and polymer–plasticizer interaction (χ) values. The UNIFAC-FV method was used to predict Gibbs free energy of mixing, and χ for a range of plasticizers, and interactions for one quaternary mixture. Synergy was observed when one or more branched phthalates were mixed with ODPP, but none when three phthalates were mixed. Mixtures of DOP with aliphatic ester plasticizers again produced synergy. Equations were produced to enable interaction coefficients of different plasticizer blends to be predicted. It was found that interaction coefficients increase as the difference in molar mass between the two plasticizers increases. Calculated χ values were generally similar to experimental values. The lower limit of Gibbs free energy of mixing required for plasticization of PVC using monomeric plasticizers was calculated to be about −0.9 J/g, and that for polymeric plasticizers −0.15 J/g. Equations were produced enabling Gibbs free energy of mixing to be predicted from the amount of C atoms in the plasticizer.