Lipid characteristics of two subtropical Seriola fishes, Seriola dumerili and Seriola rivoliana, with differences between cultured and wild varieties

The lipid and fatty acid compositions of the muscle and liver of two subtropical Seriola fish species, Seriola dumerili and Seriola rivoliana, were investigated. The lipid levels of cultured S. dumerili were significantly higher than were those of the wild ones. Triacylglycerols and phospholipids were the dominant lipids of both the cultured and wild. In both species, the major fatty acids in the muscle and liver triacylglycerols were 14:0 (cultured), 16:0, 18:0, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-7, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6 (linoleic acid: LA, cultured), 20:5n-3, and 22:6n-3. In spite of similar levels of many of the fatty acids between cultured and wild triacylglycerols, the cultured samples had markedly higher levels of LA with trace levels of 20:4n-6 (arachidonic acid: ARA) and 22:5n-6, while the wild ones had very low 18:2n-6 levels with small levels of ARA and 22:5n-6. The ratio (R(LA/ARA)) of LA to ARA in the cultured samples was markedly higher than were those of the wild samples.     

摄食鱿鱼对人体血脂的影响

探讨高胆固醇海产品的摄食对正常人群血脂的影响。选取33名年龄在22～28岁之间的健康实验人员,每天食用100g鱿鱼,持续20d,并测定实验开始时、10d及20d后,血脂、血糖、肝功能指标以及血清脂肪酸组成的变化。结果显示：每日摄入100g鱿鱼,可明显降低受试者血清甘油三酯(TG)浓度(降低18%,P＜0.004),但对血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、血糖浓度及肝功能标志酶活性均无显著影响。摄食鱿鱼后血清总脂肪酸组成发生明显变化,血清中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)显著增加。提示每日100g鱿鱼的摄入不会影响健康人群血清胆固醇浓度,对动脉粥样硬化不具危险性。     

湘西野生牡丹籽油脂肪酸组成及体内辅助降血脂作用

采用气相色谱法分析湘西野生牡丹籽油的脂肪酸组成,并通过50例人体试食实验探讨其辅助降血脂作用。结果表明,湘西野生牡丹籽油主要由棕榈酸6.04%、硬脂酸1.81%、油酸25.20%、亚油酸28.65%、亚麻酸37.41%组成,不饱和脂肪酸高达91.26%;湘西野生牡丹籽油可显著降低受试者的胆固醇（TC,Serum Total Cholesterol）、甘油三酯（TG,Triacylglyceride）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C,Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol）水平,降幅分别为13.20%、35.98%、10.72%,差异具有统计学意义（p<0.05）,总有效率分别可达70.73%、81.40%、66.67%,而对高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C,High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol）水平无影响,表明牡丹籽油具有较好的辅助降血脂功效。      

Plasma lipoproteins in neonatal, preruminant, and weaned calf

This study compared plasma lipoprotein fraction profiles and lipid composition in the calf at 3 d, 3 wk, and 12 wk (weaned). For all ages the major plasma lipoprotein fraction was high density lipoproteins (52 to 73%), followed by very high density lipoproteins (10 to 22%), low density lipoproteins (13 to 18%), and chylomicrons plus very low density lipoproteins (5 to 9%). Most plasma lipid was cholesterol esters (41 to 49%) and phosphatidylcholine (21 to 29%). Most cholesterol esters (66 to 81%) and phosphatidylcholine (68 to 80%) were in high density lipoproteins; free fatty acids (83 to 96%) and lysophosphatidylcholine (75 to 85%) in very high density lipoproteins; and triglycerides (93 to 98%) in the remaining lipoprotein fractions. Of the three ages studied, 3-d-old calves had comparatively low plasma total lipids, high density lipoproteins, cholesterol esters, phosphatidylcholine, and linoleic acid in all lipid classes; they had relatively high plasma very high density lipoproteins, triglycerides, free fatty acids, phosphatidylethanolamine, and 20:3 n-9 fatty acid (indicative of essential fatty acids deficiency). Lipoprotein classes and lipid composition were similar at wk 3 and 12. Comparison of fatty acid profiles for phosphatidylcholine with those for lysophosphatidylcholine and cholesterol esters indicated plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase was active in calves at all three ages studied.     

翅果油联合有氧运动对高脂饮食小鼠血脂代谢紊乱及肝脏脂质积累的改善作用

目的:探讨翅果油联合有氧运动对高脂饮食小鼠血脂及肝脏脂质积累的影响。方法:将雄性C57BL/6小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(NC),高脂饮食组(HF),高脂饮食+翅果油灌胃组(HS),高脂饮食+有氧运动组(HE),高脂饮食+翅果油+有氧运动组(SE),每组8只,连续干预8周;喂养结束后采用酶学试剂盒测定小鼠血清甘油三脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)及肝脏TC、TG含量,并计算动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)和肝脏系数;采用H&E染色观察肝脏组织病理变化。结果:翅果油、有氧运动和翅果油联合有氧运动干预组小鼠体重,血清TG、TC、LDL-C,肝脏TC、TG,肝脏系数,AI值及肝脏组织脂肪病变程度均显著低于高脂饮食组(p<0.05),且翅果油联合有氧运动干预效果更好。结论:翅果油联合有氧运动能够显著改善由高脂饮食诱导的血脂代谢紊乱和肝脏脂质积累,降低动脉粥样硬化和脂肪肝的风险。     

Dietary lipid metabolism in lactating dairy cows

Effects of feeding an oil seed supplement treated with formalin upon lipid patterns of blood and synthesis of milk fat were evaluated. Percentages and yields of fatty acids of milk fat with chain lengths between 6 and 16 carbons were decreased while percentages and yields of stearate and linoleate were increased when the lipid supplement was fed. Calculations in cows fed control and supplement, 60% and 80%, respectively, of fatty acids of milk were derived from lipids of blood were supported by arterial-venous differences. Comparisons of the fatty acid compositions of triacylglycerol of plasma and milk fat suggested that triacylglycerol may not be the sole source of linoleate transferred from blood to milk fat. A preliminary evaluation of supplement effects upon lipoprotein patterns of serum indicated two peaks in the low density lipoprotein class and that the increase in total cholesterol of blood caused by feeding lipid supplement is due to increases in cholesterol content of the low density and high density lipoprotein classes.     

Characteristics of lipid composition differences between cultured and wild ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis)

The lipid levels and fatty acid compositions of the muscle and liver of ayu (sweetfish), Plecoglossus altivelis, and those of its stomach contents were investigated to clarify the difference in the lipid characteristics between aquacultured and wild samples. The lipid levels of the cultured P. altivelis (2.0-3.7%) were significantly higher than were those of the wild ones (1.1-1.4%). Triacylglycerols were the dominant depot lipids of both the cultured and wild samples, while phospholipids were the major components in the polar lipids. The major fatty acids in the muscle and liver triacylglycerols were 14:0, 16:0, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6 (linoleic acid for cultured), 18:3n-3 (linolenic acid for wild), 20:5n-3 (icosapentaenoic acid), and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid for cultured). In spite of similar levels of many fatty acids for cultured and wild triacylglycerols, the cultured samples had markedly higher levels of 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6, and 22:6n-3 while the wild ones had significantly higher levels of 18:3n-3 and 20:5n-3, which originate from their dietary lipids. The ratio (R_LA/LN) of linoleic acid (18:2n-6) to linolenic acid (18:3n-3) in the cultured samples was markedly higher than were those of the wild samples, and we can easily determine whether P. altivelis is cultured or wild by fatty acid analysis. Moreover, a significant difference in the long-chain PUFA levels, between the cultured and wild samples, was found: higher 22:6n-3 levels were found in the cultured samples while higher 20:5n-3 and 22:5n-3 levels were observed in the wild ones. This finding suggests a limitation of desaturation enzymes in P. altivelis and high 22:6n-3 levels in artificial feedstuff lipids.     

Hypolipidemic Activity of Peony Seed Oil Rich in α‐Linolenic,is Mediated Through Inhibition of Lipogenesis and Upregulation of Fatty Acid β‐Oxidation

Peony seed oil (PSO) is a new resource food rich in α‐Linolenic Acid(ALA) (38.66%). The objective of this study was to assess the modulatory effect of PSO on lipid metabolism. Lard oil, safflower oil (SFO), and PSO were fed to wistar rats with 1% cholesterol in the diet for 60 d. Serum and liver lipids showed significant decrease in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels in PSO fed rats compared to lard oil and SFO fed rats. ALA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), contents were significantly increased, whereas linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (AA) levels decreased in serum and liver of PSO fed rats. Feeding PSO increased ALA level and decreased n‐6 to n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio. The hypolipidemic result of PSO indicated that PSO participated in the regulation of plasma lipid concentration and cholesterol metabolism in liver. The decreased expression of sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins 1C (SREBP‐1c), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS)‐reduced lipid synthesis; Activation of peroxisome proliferator–activator receptor (PPARα) accompanied by increase of uncoupling protein2 (UP2) and acyl‐CoA oxidase (AOX) stimulated lipid metabolism and exerted an antiobesity effect via increasing energy expenditure for prevention of obesity.     

杂粮醋粕对金黄地鼠胆固醇代谢的影响

为研究一种杂粮醋粕对饲喂高胆固醇饲料金黄地鼠胆固醇代谢的影响,将30只雄性金黄地鼠按照平均血脂水平和平均体重分为3组,即高胆固醇对照组、杂粮醋粕组和杂粮醋粕浸提物组。饲喂第0、10、20和30 d时分别测定地鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和三酰甘油(TG)水平;30 d后测定地鼠肝脏TC、胆固醇酯(CE)、游离胆固醇(FC)、TG和粪便TC、总胆汁酸(TBA)、脂肪和短链脂肪酸(SCFA)水平。杂粮醋粕组和杂粮醋粕浸提物组与高胆固醇对照组相比,血清TC水平分别下降22%和15%,血清LDL-C水平分别下降35%和21%,肝脏TG水平分别下降15%和14%,粪便中TBA水平分别上升23%和16%,粪便中SCFA总量水平分别上升30%和9%,且差异均达显著水平(p0.05)。以上结果表明摄入杂粮醋粕主要通过促进胆汁酸的排泄和增加短链脂肪酸的产生来降低血清TC和LDL-C水平和肝脏TC和TG水平。     

中国野生蓝莓对非酒精性脂肪肝的保肝效果

目的：研究中国野生蓝莓对非酒精性脂肪肝的保肝效果。方法：经灌胃给予高脂诱导肥胖小鼠低（10?g/（kg·d））、中（20?g/（kg·d））、高（40?g/（kg·d））剂量蓝莓匀浆和低（0.006?g/（kg·d））、中（0.012?g/（kg·d））、高（0.024?g/（kg·d））剂量野生蓝莓总花青素6?周后,分别测定小鼠血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（aspartate amino transferase,AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine amino transferase,ALT）活力,总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）浓度,肝组织匀浆液的总抗氧化能力（total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC）和谷胱甘肽（glutathione,GSH）、丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量。结果：与脂肪肝模型组小鼠相比,中国野生蓝莓匀浆中剂量组和总花青素中、高剂量组可以有效降低非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠血清AST、ALT的活力（P＜0.05）;蓝莓匀浆中、高剂量组能有效调节LDL-C浓度（P＜0.05）;蓝莓匀浆和花青素各剂量组均能显著降低TC、TG浓度（P＜0.05）;蓝莓匀浆中、高剂量组和花青素中、高剂量组能明显增加小鼠肝组织的T-AOC和GSH含量,降低MDA含量（P＜0.05）。结论：中国野生蓝莓总花青素对非酒精性脂肪肝有良好的保肝效果。     

高氯酸盐对高脂膳食小鼠脂质代谢的影响

目的 探究高氯酸盐对高脂膳食小鼠脂质代谢的影响。方法 将C57BL/6J小鼠分为4组,分别为对照组(CG)、高氯酸盐低剂量组[LG,每天0.1 mg/(kg·bw)]、中剂量组[MG,每天1.0 mg/(kg·bw)]和高剂量组[HG,每天10.0 mg/(kg·bw)],连续暴露12周,通过对肝脏油红O染色、血生化指标检测、脂代谢调控酶测定和脂肪酸组成及含量测定进行高氯酸盐对高脂膳食小鼠脂质代谢的评估。结果 高于1.0mg/(kg·bw)的暴露剂量可在小鼠肝脏内形成脂滴累积,总胆固醇、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量均显著性升高(P<0.05),并且HG组脂质代谢关键调控酶乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl-CoAcarboxylase,ACC)和脂肪酸合成酶(fattyacidsynthase,FAS)含量显著性升高(P<0.05),表明高氯酸盐可能会促进脂肪的合成。随着高氯酸盐暴露浓度的增加,棕榈酸(C16:0)、珍珠酸(C17:0)、硬脂酸(C18:0)、花生四烯酸(C20:4)和二十二碳六烯酸(C22:6)体内水平显著下降,而棕榈亚酸(C16:1)、油酸(C18:1)...     

燕麦β-葡聚糖对高胆固醇小鼠血脂和游离脂肪酸的影响研究

研究了不同分子量及剂量的燕麦β-葡聚糖对高胆固醇小鼠血浆血脂及游离脂肪酸（FFA）的影响。高糖高脂饲料联合果糖水溶液建立高胆固醇小鼠模型,使用两种不同分子量（150ku和850ku）和剂量的燕麦β-葡聚糖对高胆固醇小鼠进行干预。干预实验第4、7、10周时测定血浆总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和FFA的含量。结果表明:两种分子量（150ku和850ku）的β-葡聚糖都可显著降低小鼠空腹血浆TC和LDL-C水平,同时可使高胆固醇小鼠血浆TG恢复到正常水平,但对HDL-C无显著影响;低分子量（150ku）的燕麦β-葡聚糖可显著升高血浆的FFA含量。说明不同分子量的β-葡聚糖对小鼠血脂和FFA影响有差异,作用效果具有时间和剂量依赖性。      

Comparison of wild and cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata); composition, appearance and seasonal variations

Major quality parameters, such as muscle composition, fat deposition, muscle fatty acid composition and external appearance were studied in wild and cultured gilthead sea bream. Muscle fat content and total depot fat (peritoneal and perivisceral fat) indicated a seasonal variation with minimum values observed in late spring and maximum in late summer. Gonadosomatic indices of cultured fish were lower than those found in wild specimens. Lipid content of cultured sea bream was much higher than that of wild fish. Differences were also observed in fatty acid profiles. Cultured fish were characterized by higher levels of monoenes, n-9 and 18:2n-6 fatty acids and wild fish by higher levels of saturates, 20:4n-6, n-3 fatty acids and n-3/n-6 ratios. Differences were also noted in the external appearance of fish.     

Lipid composition, retention and oxidation in fresh and completely trimmed beef muscles as affected by common culinary practices

The objective of this study was to determine how and to what extent several culinary practices (i.e. household cooking methods), each applied to the beef muscle deemed most suitable (boiling to infraspinatus, broiling to longissimus lumborum, oven-roasting and microwaving to semitendinosus), could induce significant changes in: lipid and cholesterol contents, fatty acid composition and contents, their true and apparent retention values, and some indices of lipid oxidation. Most nutrients increased their concentration as a consequence of moisture loss through cooking, whilst no substantial variation was induced in fatty acid composition. Nevertheless, each cooking method had its own distinctive heat processing parameters, which interacted with the characteristics peculiar to the pertaining muscle, leading to markedly different evaporative and drip losses, significantly different true retention values for cholesterol and the sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids, distinct responses as to lipid oxidation liability. The selected culinary practices seemed to be able to interact with the composition of the selected muscles, up to the point that pro-oxidant conditions were in some way counteracted by antioxidant effects.     

Lactobacillus gasseri [corrected] CHO-220 and inulin reduced plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol via alteration of lipid transporters

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and parallel-designed study was conducted to investigate the effect of a synbiotic product containing Lactobacillus acidophilus CHO-220 and inulin on lipid profiles of hypercholesterolemic men and women. Thirty-two hypercholesterolemic men and women with initial mean plasma cholesterol levels of 5.7 ± 0.32 mmol/L were recruited for the 12-wk study. The subjects were randomly allocated to 2 groups; namely the treatment group (synbiotic product) and the control group (placebo), and each received 4 capsules of synbiotic or placebo daily. Our results showed that the mean body weight, energy, and nutrient intake of the subjects did not differ between the 2 groups over the study period. The supplementation of synbiotic reduced plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol by 7.84 and 9.27%, respectively, compared with the control over 12 wk. Lipoproteins were subsequently subfractionated and characterized. The synbiotic supplementation resulted in a lower concentration of triglycerides in the very low, intermediate, low, and high-density lipoprotein particles compared with the control over 12 wk. The concentration of triglycerides in lipoproteins is positively correlated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Our results showed that the synbiotic might exhibit an atheropreventive characteristic. Cholesteryl ester (CE) in the high-density lipoprotein particles of the synbiotic group was also higher compared with the control, indicating greater transport of cholesterol in the form of CE to the liver for hydrolysis. This may have led to the reduced plasma total cholesterol level of the synbiotic group. The supplementation of synbiotic also reduced the concentration of CE in the LDL particles compared with the control, leading to the formation of smaller and denser particles that are more easily removed from blood. This supported the reduced LDL-cholesterol level of the synbiotic group compared with the control. Our present study showed that the synbiotic product improved plasma total- and LDL-cholesterol levels by modifying the interconnected pathways of lipid transporters. In addition, although Lactobacillus acidophilus CHO-220 could deconjugate bile, our results showed a statistically insignificant difference in the levels of conjugated, deconjugated, primary, and secondary bile acids between the synbiotic and control groups over 12 wk, indicating safety from bile-related toxicity.     

Influence of finishing diet on fatty acid profiles of intramuscular lipids, triglycerides and phospholipids in muscles of the Iberian pig

Thirty Iberian × Duroc pigs allotted in groups of ten animals were fed in three traditional different management systems ('Montanera' (MO), fed on acorns; 'Recebo' (RE), fed on acorns and a commercial diet; and 'Cebo' (CE), fed on a commercial diet). Masseter muscle was obtained to evaluate the influence of management system on fatty acid (FA) composition of lean. The FA composition of the intramuscular total lipids, triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid (PL) fractions was evaluated. Muscle from MO pigs had greater quantities of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the total lipids, triglyceride and phospholipid fractions than the other feedings. The percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) of i.m. total lipids and TGs increased (P < .05) with duration of feeding on RE and CE, from 35.13-35.10% in MO pigs to 37.47-37.84% in RE pigs and 39.98-41.11% in CE pigs. PLs from RE and CE pigs contained more C(18:2) and C(20:4) and less C(18:1) than MO pigs.     

Effects of dietary corn oil and fish oil concentrate on lipid composition of calf tissues

Lipid composition of calf blood plasma, liver platelets, muscle, heart, and brain was measured, as affected by high dietary intake of linoleic acid from corn oil or of polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oil concentrate. Plasma total lipids, phosphatidylcholine, and cholesteryl esters were reduced by corn oil and fish oil concentrate. Dietary fatty acid composition had no influence on percentage distribution of the major phospholipid components of liver, heart, muscle, and brain, but did alter the polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of major phospholipids in plasma, liver, platelets, muscle, and heart. In general, high linoleic acid intake increased linoleic acid and decreased oleic, arachidonic, and linolenic acids in tissue phospholipids, and fish oil concentrate high in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids increased phospholipid concentrations of these fatty acids. The fatty acid composition of brain phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine was relatively resistant to dietary lipid alterations. The fatty acid changes in tissue phospholipids that resulted from dietary lipid alterations may have important implications in eicosanoid metabolism, and in the structure and function of cell membranes.     

两种乳酸杆菌对肥胖小鼠的干预作用

目的：探讨两种乳酸杆菌对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠的干预作用。方法：将72 只C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分成6 组,分别为普通饲料组、高脂饲料组、高脂饲料和Lactobacillus casei NCU011054低剂量组、高脂饲料和Lactobacillus casei NCU011054高剂量组、高脂饲料和Lactobacillus acidophilus NCU433低剂量组、高脂饲料和Lactobacillus acidophilus NCU433高剂量组。每周对小鼠称体质量,并在第9周末（动物实验结束）处死小鼠,测定小鼠空腹血糖浓度、Lee’s指数、器官指数及器官功能指标水平、血清生化指标水平、血清瘦素和脂联素质量浓度、肝脏氧化应激指标水平、肝脏胆固醇（cholesterol,TC）和甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）含量,制作脂肪组织病理切片观察脂肪细胞形态和分化情况,检测小鼠粪便中短链脂肪酸的含量。结果：两株乳酸杆菌显著降低了小鼠体质量增量、Lee’s指数、空腹血糖浓度以及血清中TC、TG、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平和血清瘦素水平（P＜0.05）,并显著升高了血清中高密度脂蛋白和脂联素水平（P＜0.05）。此外,乳酸杆菌的摄入有效抑制了肥胖小鼠脂肪细胞的分化并改善了肝脏脂代谢紊乱。结论：两株乳酸杆菌对肥胖小鼠具有有效的干预作用,其能够通过调节小鼠体内脂类相关水平的变化发挥作用。     

牦牛酥油及其磷脂对C57BL/6J小鼠脂代谢的影响

将SPF级C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为5组,即对照组、黄酥油组、白酥油组、黄酥油磷脂组和白酥油磷脂组,用牦牛酥油和牦牛酥油磷脂饲喂小鼠。饲喂1个月和5个月后分别测定小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平和血糖浓度,并进行肝脏和腹腔脂肪病理观察及脂肪组织脂肪酸组成分析。结果表明:长期饲喂牦牛酥油会使小鼠体重增加,而饲喂牦牛酥油磷脂小鼠体重增加较少。随着饲喂时间的延长各试验组均可提升小鼠血清HDL-C水平,小鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平和血糖浓度由高到低依次为酥油组、磷脂组、对照组。饲喂1个月后各组小鼠肝脏和腹腔脂肪结构正常完整,未见明显组织病变,而饲喂5个月后,与对照组相比,黄酥油组、白酥油组、黄酥油磷脂组、白酥油磷脂组可见不同程度的炎症细胞浸润和脂质沉积。与饲喂1个月相比,饲喂5个月牦牛酥油磷脂可使小鼠脂肪组织中不饱和脂肪酸含量升高。与对照组相比,饲喂牦牛酥油和牦牛酥油磷脂可极显著提高小鼠脂肪组织中支链脂肪酸含量。     

多孔淀粉对卵巢切除大鼠脂质代谢的影响

目的:研究多孔淀粉对卵巢切除大鼠脂质代谢的影响。方法:将24只雌性SD大鼠按体质量随机分为3组,其中一组进行伪切除手术,其余两组进行双侧卵巢切除手术,手术后恢复1周,分别饲喂相应饲料。4周后,检测大鼠血脂、肝脂、粪便中中性固醇含量和胆汁酸含量以及肠道中典型微生物数量、短链脂肪酸浓度等指标。结果:多孔淀粉的替代添加可以显著降低大鼠血浆中甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、TG与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)的比值(TG/HDL-C)、肝脏中总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、TG和脂肪总质量,显著减少腹部脂肪堆积(P0.05);显著增加粪便中中性固醇和胆汁酸的排泄量(P0.05);同时促进肠道中益生菌增殖和短链脂肪酸浓度的提高。结论:多孔淀粉对雌激素缺乏引起的高脂血症具有较好的降脂、降胆固醇效果,对内源性脂质代谢紊乱具有较好的缓解作用。