近海边湍流谱特征分析

采用三维超声风速仪测量了近海边三维风速和虚温数据.谱分析表明:近海边近地层湍流基本满足局地均匀各向同性的假定.提出了一种确定谱幂率的方法-连续滑动线性回归法,对利用此法算出的风速谱谱幂率和温度谱谱幂率进行统计分析发现,风速谱谱幂率概率分布于以"-5/3"为中心的置信区间内,基本上满足Komogorov的"-5/3"定律;而温度谱幂率的概率分布则偏离"-5/3".结合层结稳定度分析发现:在稳定层结下,44.3%的温度谱幂率满足"-5/3";在不稳定层结下,16.1%的谱幂率满足"-5/3".据此认为,大气层结状态可能是造成温度谱幂率偏离"-5/3"的主要原因.     

雪面上湍流谱特征研究

采用35 m铁塔上的超声风速仪数据,分析了雪面上近地层速度和温度谱,发现不同稳定度的湍流谱在高频时合并在一起,而低频谱并没有随稳定度呈现规律性变化,但随平均风速分开.给出了与稳定条件无关的雪面上湍流谱的拟合公式.并检验了雪面上局地各项同性假设.用归一化谱拟合谱幂率,拟合结果与-5/3的符合度高达85%.速度谱和温度谱惯性区谱幂率都集中分布在-5/3附近.惯性子区速度谱幂率与稳定度没有明显关系,温度谱中性时偏离比较大.     

湿度起伏对可见光波段Cn^2影响的再研究

用Li7500 CO_2/H_2O分析仪直接测量了近海边湿度起伏数据,结合温度脉动仪和超声风速计测量的数据,计算出湿度、温度和温湿相关项的结构常数,研究了湿度起伏对C_n~2的影响。结果表明:对于可见光,相对于温度起伏而言,湿度起伏和温湿相关项的贡献都很小。实验期间不论是白天还是夜晚,都有与Kolmogorov-5/3谱相近的温度谱和湿度谱存在,并且,在低波数区出现-1次方谱幂率,绝大部分湿度谱幂率值处于-5/3±0．2的区间内。     

湿度起伏对可见光波段C2n影响的再研究

用Li7500 CO2/H2O分析仪直接测量了近海边湿度起伏数据,结合温度脉动仪和超声风速计测量的数据,计算出湿度、温度和温湿相关项的结构常数,研究了湿度起伏对C2n的影响.结果表明:对于可见光,相对于温度起伏而言,湿度起伏和温湿相关项的贡献都很小.实验期间不论是白天还是夜晚,都有与Kolmogorov-5/3谱相近的温度谱和湿度谱存在,并且,在低波数区出现-1次方谱幂率,绝大部分湿度谱幂率值处于-5/3土0.2的区间内.     

激光实际大气传输湍流效应相位校正一些实验结果

进行了近地面水平大气中激光传输湍流效应及其自适应光学相位校正实验，对光束振幅起伏、到达角起伏及其远场Strehl比进行了测量分析。实验结果表明，光束到达角起伏功率谱在低频段（f＜0．4υ／d）近似地满足-2/3次幂关系，而在高频段（f＞0．4υ／d）则近似满足-8／3次幂关系。在较弱湍流效应情况下时数振幅起伏方差小于0．3），相位补偿是有效的，而在较强湍流效应树数振福起伏饱和）时，自适应光学系统常常不能实现稳定闭环。由于传输场景地形复杂，湍流效应及其相位校正效果定量规律的描述还需进一步研究。     

大气闪烁的时间频域特性研究

为了深入认识大气闪烁的时间频域特性,给在大气中工作的光学系统的工程设计和性能评估提供参考,理论推导了大气闪烁功率谱的通用解析表达式,数值研究了不同传输条件下大气闪烁的时间频域特性.孔径接收下,对于水平均匀路径,平面波闪烁功率谱高频区近似呈现-17/3幂率,球面波近似呈现-11/3幂率;对于整层下行路径,高频区均近似呈现-17/3幂率,低频区与高频区之间存在一缓变区,孔径越大,缓变区越宽.典型大气条件下低频区加上缓变区的频谱宽度约为150 Hz.     

幂率谱噪声的离散仿真生成

幂率谱噪声的生成一直是原子钟性能仿真领域研究的一个薄弱环节。在分析了原子钟的幂率谱噪声基础上,提出两种在时域和频域上生成幂率谱噪声的离散仿真方法,并通过仿真实现了5种幂率谱噪声的生成。仿真结果证明,该方法的实际仿真值与理论值之间的最大相对误差不超过2%,且随着取样点数N的增加,仿真值将更加接近理论值。同时由于该方法具有一般性,对于其他有色噪声的仿真生成同样具有重大的参考意义。     

改进的一维分形模型在海面电磁散射中的应用

本文中提出了一种改进的一维分形海面模型,其表面谱在空间波数小于基波波数及大于基波波数时分别满足正幂率关系和负幂率关系,在不同风速时分形模型的表面谱和PM谱吻合较好.在满足Kirchhoff近似条件下推导了改进分形模型的散射系数及散射强度系数的计算公式并进行了数值计算,比较了改进分形海面模型和经典分形海面模型下散射强度系数角分布并讨论了它们随入射频率和海上风速的变化.     

非分光多波长调制吸收光谱测量方法

针对激光吸收光谱技术波长调制方法测量技术，提出了一种非分光多谱线二次谐波测量方法。通过调整谱线间相对位置，在无需光栅等分光装置条件下可实现对多谱线调制信号的解调制，进而在线测量气体温度。基于7185.60 cm^-1/7444.35 cm^-1 H₂O吸收谱线讨论了调制系数和谱线间相对位置对于测量的影响，结合调制信号频谱图分析了不同调制频率工况下的二次谐波提取方法。利用数值仿真方法建立了脉冲爆轰过程复杂流场变化模型，采用提出方法对脉冲爆轰过程燃气温度进行了测量，验证了该方法的正确性。研究结果对复杂环境条件下波长调制测量方法的应用具有重要意义。     

基于温度修正的GF-5全谱段光谱成像仪热红外谱段辐射定标

针对GF-5全谱段光谱成像仪热红外谱段存在响应异常、辐射定标精度难以保障的问题,开展了地面辐射定标补充试验,发现热红外谱段响应对仪器内部温度、焦面温度变化敏感是导致异常现象的主要原因。进一步对相机输出信号值随仪器内部温度、焦面温度变化规律进行了分析总结,提出了基于仪器温度、焦面温度修正的绝对辐射定标算法,成功应用于全谱段光谱成像仪热红外谱段的实验室绝对辐射定标,结果表明定标不确定性为1.36%。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks