小灵敏面积PIN半导体探测器性能改进

本文对原ＰＩＮ半导体探测器信号引出线结构线路进行了分析，为了消除小灵敏面积ＰＩＮ探测器振荡现象，把原信号引出线结构改进成微带结构，并对改进后的探测器时间响应性能和线性电流进行了实验测量。     

CR39探测器的带电粒子能量响应研究

为在神光系列激光装置上开展惯性约束聚变(ICF)带电粒子诊断,通过0.7~10 MeV加速器质子源和241 Am放射性同位素α粒子源完成了CR39探测器的质子和α粒子能量响应实验研究,结合TRIM程序和半经验模型建立了CR39刻蚀动力学模拟程序,模拟分析了p、D、T和α粒子在正入射和斜入射条件下CR39的径迹形状与能量响应特征,对多种ICF带电粒子谱仪的CR39探测器单元的设计提出了优化方案。     

PIN半导体探测器在个人剂量仪中的应用研究

以SDM2000个人剂量仪为例,针对个人剂量仪的特点．对PIN半导体探测器在个人剂量仪中的应用进行了研究．并进行了详尽的性能测试．取得了较好的结果。     

组合PIN脉冲中子探测器的能量响应

组合PIN脉冲中子探测器由一对PIN半导体和中子辐射体组成。理论计算了CH2和^235U分别作为中子辐射体的组合PIN脉冲中子探测器的灵敏度随中子能量的变化;用脉冲中子源实验测量了由CH2辐射体组成的探测器的14MeV中子灵敏度,实验结果与计算符合很好。     

φ60mm×600μm硅PIN探测器γ灵敏度和时间响应测量

φ60mm×600μm硅PIN半导体探测器是近年国内新研制的大面积高灵敏度探测器,用1013Bq级的60Coγ放射源测量了该类探测器的60Co γ灵敏度,用CΓC脉冲辐射源(约0.2MeV)测量了该类探测器的时间响应.实验和理论计算表明:该类探测器的60Co γ灵敏度约为5 fC*cm2/MeV.脉冲响应上升时间约为10ns,脉冲响应半高宽约为35ns.     

φ60mm×600μm硅PNI探测器γ灵敏度和时间响应测量

φ6 0 mm× 6 0 0μm硅 PIN半导体探测器是近年国内新研制的大面积高灵敏度探测器 ,用 10 13Bq级的 60 Coγ放射源测量了该类探测器的 60 Coγ灵敏度 ,用 CΓC脉冲辐射源 (约 0 .2 Me V)测量了该类探测器的时间响应。实验和理论计算表明 :该类探测器的 60 Coγ灵敏度约为 5 f C·cm2 / Me V。脉冲响应上升时间约为 10 ns,脉冲响应半高宽约为 35 ns。     

用于带电粒子鉴别的BGO探测器

报道了ＢＧＯ晶体作为带电粒子探测器的制作，测试结果，并在核物理实验中与Ｓｉ（Ａｕ）穿透型探测器一起组成△Ｅ－Ｅ探测器望远镜。对带电粒子进行了鉴别，结果表明，该探测器系统有较高的粒子鉴别能力。     

新型常温CdZnTe半导体探测器的研制进展

碲锌镉（CdZnTe）探测器是目前常温γ射线探测器中最主要的探测器之一,它可在常温下使用,无需象HPGe等半导体探测器要求低温（液氮制冷）,又比常用的NaI（Tl）探测器具有更好的能量分辨。CdZnTe探测器的平均原于序数高,单位体积的探测效率相应较高,可做成体积小、重量轻的便携式探测器。同早期的CdTe常温探测器相比,CdZnTe探测器电阻率高了2个数量级,同时消除了极化效应,增强了工作稳定性,CdZnTe材料易加工处理。CdZnTe探     

ICI探测器的时间响应特性研究

基于集电型探测器的等效电路模型得到了ICI探测器的输入-输出等效电路,应用实际测量的分布电容和电感计算得到ICI探测器的时间响应.采用快脉冲X射线源实验获得ICI探测器时间响应为(0.677±0.144)ns.实验结果与理论计算结果的一致验证了理论模型的正确性.研究结果表明,ICI探测器具有亚纳秒时间特性,可以用于快脉冲γ射线强度的测量.     

指数法拟合CZT探测器时间响应曲线

为探讨CZT探测器时间响应特性规律,采用指数拟合法分析CZT探测器对快脉冲X射线响应曲线下降沿衰减规律,并分析该衰减常数与电压、灵敏面积之间的关系。结果表明:10 mm×10 mm×2 mm与5 mm×5 mm×2 mm单晶CZT探测器对纳秒级脉冲X射线时间响应曲线下降沿均遵循单指数衰减规律,衰减常数为10~(-8)s数量级。随着电压升高,不同灵敏面积CZT探测器响应曲线衰减常数的差值降低。该结论可为揭示贯穿辐射条件下CZT晶体内部载流子输运规律提供依据。     

用CR－39固体径迹探测器测定重带电粒子的Bragg峰位

采用ＣＲ－３９固体径迹探测器，根据辐射损伤密度沿粒子的径迹分布规律，测定了经３、４ｃｍ空气降能和φ１ｍｍ孔准直的α粒子（５．１５ＭｅＶ）的Ｂｒａｇｇ峰位。对于通过３ｃｍ空气后能量降至～１２ＭｅＶ的α粒子，在ＣＲ－３９中的Ｂｒａｇｇ峰位大约在７μｍ深度处，理论计算值在６．１４μｍ，实验值与理论值符合得较好。     

Efficiency of thermoluminescent detectors to heavy charged particles

The efficiency of TLD-700 thermoluminescent detectors is studied for various ions as a function of energy. A new model for calculation of efficiency has been developed, based on the detector response to reference radiation, and the radial dose distribution of heavy ions only. No free parameters have to be used to calculate the thermoluminescence detector (TLD) efficiency as a function of ion species and energy. Comparison between model calculations and experimental results will be presented.     

Silicon detector response to heavy ions at energies of 1–2 MeV/amu

The response of silicon detectors has been measured for He, O, S, Cl, Br, Ag and Pb ions in the energy range 1–2 MeV/amu. Following deliberate, long exposures of the detector, a transient effect was observed for 140 MeV Br ions, in which the pulse height decreased with increasing ion dose and then partially recovered within an hour of the final exposure. Using brief, consecutive exposures, the effective energy for creating a detectable electron–hole pair was determined using the pulse height difference method. The energy deposited by ions in the ‘dead-layer' at the detector surface and energy loss via non-ionizing events was taken into account. For ions with atomic numbers 2Z17 and energies above the Bragg peak, the effective energy was found to decrease linearly with increasing electronic stopping power at first, and then to level off at 3.52 eV/electron–hole pair. For intermediate mass ions (17<Z40), at energies close to the Bragg peak, increases slightly (2%) with increasing stopping power. For the heaviest ions studied (Z40), whose energies are below the Bragg peak of the stopping power curve, increases strongly (10–20%), even though the electronic stopping power is approximately constant.     

An empirical formula for calculation of range of charged particles with Z from 2 to 103 and energy from 2.5 MeV/nucleon to 500 MeV/nucleon in beryllium

A new empirical formula for quick estimation of range in beryllium material of charged particles with the charge number from 2 to 103 and with energy in the range from 2.5 to 500 MeV/nucleon has been given. This formula was found based on a table of ranges measured experimentally and calculated up to 1990. It is shown that the differences between the values calculated by our formula and the values tabulated in the table is less than about 2% for all ions in the whole energy range.