B样条类曲线及其在曲线参数化中的应用

从B样条基函数出发,通过参数变换,导出B样条函数类的概念,讨论了它们的性质.给出B样条类曲线和附加权因子的B样条类曲线的理论,研究了它们与B样条曲线的关系.提出B样条曲线重新参数化因子的概念,探讨通过基函数的重新参数化实现B样条曲线的重新参数化的方法.结果表明,该方法具有较好的通用性以及计算简单、便于操作等特点.     

C~1插值二次B样条曲线曲面

利用二次均匀B样条曲线的端点性质,导出了构造插值二次均匀B样条曲线曲面的一种新的基函数―BB基函数。由BB基函数构造了C1保形插值二次均匀B样条曲线,构造了C1双二次均匀B样条插值曲面。     

二次均匀B样条曲线的扩展

为便于对均匀B样条曲线进行形状修改,利用二次均匀B样条基函数所需满足的条件,扩展二次均匀B样条基函数,构造出三次多项式调配函数．基于给出的调配函数,建立1种带形状参数的分段多项式曲线．调整形状参数可使三次多项式曲线在二次均匀B样条曲线两侧摆动．最后给出实例,构造出带局部调节参数G^1的连续曲线．该方法可以通过调整参数扩大二次均匀B样条曲线的调整范围．     

一种新的均匀样条曲线曲面设计方法

本文根据均匀B样条基函数的de Boor-Cox递推公式提出了一种新的样条曲线曲面设计方法。该方法从满足正性、局部支柱性和权性的初始基函数出发，可构造出具有高阶低次或低次高阶的多项式样条基函数和多种函数类型的样条函数。给出了设计这种样条曲线曲面的几种方法和实例，并对基函数的连续可微性进行了证明。该样条基函数和样条曲线曲面具有和均匀B样条类似的几何性质，且均匀B样条是其特例，可用于曲线曲面的几何造型和样条插值。     

调整节点矢量对B样条曲线的影响

本文研究了调整一个节点对B样条曲线产生的影响。调整B样条曲线的一个节点,引起两个节点区间改变。讨论了这两个节点区间上有定义的B样条基函数所发生的变化,以及对B样条曲线产生的影响。研究表明,通过调整一个节点可以方便地调整B样条曲线的形状,为B样条曲线形状调整提供了一种简便有效的方法,这在很大程度上丰富了B样条曲
线形状调整的方法。     

外载荷的B样条曲线变形

运用能量优化的思想,提出一种B样条曲线变形的新方法,可用于B样条曲线的变形。首先将B样条曲线段类比为有限单元法中线单元,并将作用在B样条曲线段的外载荷等效成线单元的端点力,分别建立B样条曲线内部能量、外载荷能量函数方程;外载荷的改变将引起B样条曲线能量的变化,通过求解一个使曲线能量的变化量为最小的优化问题,得到变形后的B样条曲线。运用该方法实现了B样条曲线的局部、整体等变形操作。     

三次有理插值样条曲线曲面

利用有理三次Bézier曲线的端点插值性质,导出了构造三次插值样条曲线曲面的一种新的基函数-RB基函数.由RB基函数构造了C1有理三次插值样条曲线和有理双三次插值样条曲面.     

非均匀节点情形下的一类三角B样条曲线

给出一类在非均匀节点情形下带参数的三角B样条基函数,讨论了这类基函数的性质以及在重节点情形时的变化,并利用这类基函数构造了相应的三角B样条曲线,这类曲线具有与二次非均匀B样条曲线相似的性质。在控制顶点不变的情况下,可以通过改变形状参数取值来调节曲线的形状。此外,它还能精确表示圆、椭圆等曲线。     

三次均匀B样条曲线的扩展

给出四次多项式调配函数，它是三次B样条函数的扩展．基于给出的调配函数，建立一种带形状参数的分段多项式曲线的生成方法．通过改变形状参数的取值，可以调整曲线接近其控制多边形的程度；可以调整曲线从三次均匀B样条曲线的两侧逼近三次均匀B样条曲线．选取不同的形状参数值，可以得到不同位置的C^2连续的曲线，且所给曲线与三次均匀B样条曲线有相同的端点性质．最后给出了曲线设计的计算实例．     

NURBS细分曲线算法

从基于差商算子定义B样条的角度,在对B样条基函数进行细分基础上提出了一种NURBS细分曲线算法,应用在自由型曲线生成和形状控制上具有良好的实际效果,完全具备了参数NURBS曲线的重要性质。最后给出了细分曲线生成圆及圆弧的实例。     

Generating NURBS curves by envelopes

Nonuniform rational B-spline curves may be recursively generated by the envelope of a family of low order rational B-spline curves, and this envelope is unique. Thus rational B-spline curves can be directly defined in a geometric way.     

一种类四次三角样条曲线

针对B样条曲线相对于其控制多边形形状固定,以及不能描述除抛物线以外的圆锥曲线的不足进行改进。将形状参数与三角函数进行有机结合,构造了一组含参数的三角基,由这组基定义了带形状参数的三角样条曲线,其每一段由相继的5个控制顶点生成。新曲线在继承B样条曲线主要优点的同时,既具有形状可调性,又能精确表示椭圆,对于等距节点,在一般情况下曲线C³连续,当形状参数取特殊值时曲线可达C⁵连续。采用张量积方法,将曲线推广后所得到的曲面具有与曲线类似的性质,给出了用曲面表示椭球面的方法。     

三种形状可调三角样条曲线

构造了3种带参数的三角样条基,基于这3组基定义了3种三角样条曲线。与二次B样条曲线类似,这3种曲线的每一段都由相继的3个控制顶点生成,且这3种曲线具有许多与二次B样条曲线类似的性质。但这3种曲线的连续性都比二次B样条曲线要好。对于等距节点,在一般情况下,这3种曲线都是整体C²连续的,在特殊条件下它们都可以达到C³连续。另外,这3种曲线都具有比二次B样条曲线更好的对控制多边形的逼近性。     

Direct manipulations of B-spline and NURBS curves

This paper presents a method for the direct manipulations of B-spline and non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) curves using geometric constraints. A deformable model is developed to define the deformation energy functional of B-spline and NURBS curves. The finite element method is used to minimize the deformation energy functional and solve for the deformed shape of curves subjected to constraints. This approach results in a set of linear equations for a B-spline curve and a set of non-linear equations for a NURBS curve. A perspective mapping is used to linearize the NURBS formulations. NURBS curves are first mapped from the 3D Cartesian coordinate space to the 4D homogeneous coordinate space, and transformed to 4D B-spline curves. After the manipulation in the 4D homogeneous coordinate space, the modified NURBS curves are then mapped back to the 3D Cartesian coordinate space. The approach is implemented by a prototype program, which is written in C, and runs under WINDOWS. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of this approach.     

Approximate merging of B-spline curves via knot adjustment and constrained optimization

This paper addresses the problem of approximate merging of two adjacent B-spline curves into one B-spline curve. The basic idea of the approach is to find the conditions for precise merging of two B-spline curves, and perturb the control points of the curves by constrained optimization subject to satisfying these conditions. To obtain a merged curve without superfluous knots, we present a new knot adjustment algorithm for adjusting the end k knots of a kth order B-spline curve without changing its shape. The more general problem of merging curves to pass through some target points is also discussed.     

带两个参数的三角多项式曲线曲面构造

目的 为了使扩展的曲线曲面保留传统Bézier方法以及B样条方法良好性质的同时,具备保形性、形状可调性、高阶连续性以及广泛的应用性,本文在拟扩展切比雪夫空间利用开花的性质构造了一组最优规范全正基,并利用该基进行曲线曲面构造。方法 首先构造一组最优规范全正基,并给出该基生成的拟三次TC-Bézier曲线的割角算法;接着利用最优规范全正基的线性组合构造拟三次均匀TC-B样条基,根据曲线的性质假设拟三次均匀B样条基函数具有规范性和C²连续性,进而得到其表达式;然后证明拟三次均匀TC-B样条基具有全正性和高阶连续性;最后定义拟三次均匀TC-B样条曲线曲面,并证明曲线曲面的性质,给出曲线表示整圆和旋转曲面的表示方法,设计出球面和旋转曲面的直接生成方法。结果 实验表明,本文在拟扩展切比雪夫空间构造的具有全正性曲线曲面,不仅能够灵活地进行形状调整,而且具有高阶连续性、保形性。结论 本文在三角函数空间利用两个形状参数进行曲线曲面构造,大量的分析以及案例说明本文构造的曲线曲面不仅保留了传统的Bézier方法以及B样条方法的良好性质,而且具备保形性、形状可调性、高阶连续性以及广泛的应用性,适合用于曲线曲面设计。     

基于曲线线性组合的3次均匀B样条曲线的拓展

为了丰富和发展B样条曲线理论,利用曲线线性组合的思想,将3次均匀B样条曲线进行了拓展,并讨论了拓展曲线的性质。研究表明,拓展曲线的基具有较简单的表达式;拓 展曲线包含了原曲线的基本形式,比原曲线具有更强的描述能力,且保持曲线次数不变。利用曲线的形状因子可以调整曲线的局部形状;同时得到了一种闭曲线表示的新途径。     

Constrained shape modification of cubic B-spline curves by means of knots

The effect of the modification of knot values on the shape of B-spline curves is examined in this paper. The modification of a knot of a B-spline curve of order k generates a one-parameter family of curves.This family has an envelope which is also a B-spline curve with the same control polygon and of order k−1. Applying this theoretical result, three shape control methods are provided for cubic B-spline curves, that are based on the modification of three consecutive knots. The proposed methods enable local shape modifications subject to position and/or tangent constraints that can be specified within well defined limits.     

Alternative representation for parametric cubic curves and surfaces

A representation for parametric cubic curves and surfaces is presented which incorporates the polygonal approach popularized by the Bézier and B-spline schemes. Since the curves more closely mimic the polygon than their counterparts employing the Bézier or B-spline schemes, the method is potentially useful for creating and manipulating geometric models. In connection with the logical extension of the approach from curves to surfaces, a discussion of the relationship between continuity and redundant data storage is included.     

Efficient planar object tracking and parameter estimation usingcompactly represented cubic B-spline curves

In this paper, we consider the problem of matching 2D planar object curves from a database, and tracking moving object curves through an image sequence. The first part of the paper describes a curve data compression method using B-spline curve approximation. We present a new constrained active B-spline curve model based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion, and an iterative algorithm for selecting the “best” segment border points for each B-spline curve. The second part of the paper describes a method for simultaneous object tracking and affine parameter estimation using the approximate curves and profiles. We propose a novel B-spline point assignment algorithm which incorporates the significant corners for interpolating corresponding points on the two curves to be compared. A gradient-based algorithm is presented for simultaneously tracking object curves, and estimating the associated translation, rotation and scaling parameters. The performance of each proposed method is evaluated using still images and image sequences containing simple objects