NTP协议在Y.1731中的应用研究

随着信息技术和网络技术的发展,人们对时间同步的精度要求越来越高。网络时间协议(NTP,Network Time Protocol)是一种基于UDP的时间同步协议。介绍了NTP协议的基本原理,Y.1731单端DM原理。通过NTP协议在Y.1731报文中的应用研究和实践,使传统的网络时间同步精度能达到毫秒级别。实验数据表明,文中所设计的网络时钟同步系统比传统的时钟同步具有更高的时钟同步精度。     

PTN时钟同步技术及应用

时钟同步是分组传送网（PTN）需要考虑的重要问题之一。可以采用同步以太网、IEEE1588v2、网络时间协议（NTP）等多种技术实现时钟同步。同步以太网标准的同步状态信息（SSM）算法存在时钟成环,以及难以对节点跟踪统计的问题。中兴通讯提出了一种扩展SSM算法可以改进时钟同步问题。在时间同步方面,由于NTP的精度还无法满足电信网的需求,仅采用1588v2又会带来收敛时间较慢、在网络负载较重时时间延迟精度容易受到影响等问题。中兴通讯提出了同步以太网基础的1588v2时间传递方案,对提高PTN网络中时间同步的精度起到了较好的作用。     

基于GPS的NTP网络实现

随着计算机网络的快速发展,在分布式控制等特定领域有着网络上时间同步的要求。为了在不改变现有网络结构的基础上较好地实现时间同步,对网络时间协议（NTP）的原理和NTP服务器的基本结构进行了研究,并着重讨论了使用NTPD在Linux操作系统下实现一个以全球定位系统（GPS）为源的NTP服务网络,包括NTPD,GPSD,PPS软件的配置,以及软件和GPS硬件的配合使用方法。从而低成本地实现了一个同步精度为毫秒级的NTP网络,为分布式管理应用提供了较为准确的时间标准。     

以太网的时钟同步技术

随着分散控制的发展和系统范围的扩大,通过网络联系的分散控制节点之间的时间同步技术变得越来越重要。同步技术相当于一个网络系统的心脏,它为该系统中的每个模块传送正确的时钟信号。分析了目前以太网应用中的3类时钟同步协议：IEEE1588、NTP（网络时间协议）及SNTP（简单网络时间协议）,具体说明了IEEE1588、NTP及SNTP的基本原理,并对3类协议进行了简要的对比分析。     

测量互联网环境的单向延迟及不对称性研究

NTP协议(Network Time Protocol)的出现就是为了解决网络内设备系统时钟的同步问题。不幸的是,在通常的互联网环境中,数据传输的延迟不是恒定的,即使相同的路由,从NTP服务器到NTP客户端延迟与从NTP客户端到NTP服务器延迟,即单向延迟(OWD)不总是相同的。这对时间同步的准确性有很大的影响。目前广泛应用的PTP也同样存在这个问题。因此,为了提高时间的准确性,需要通过测量,提供有关实际传输OWD的时间分布和OWD的不对称性的研究。     

一种基于虚拟机机制的NTP同步协议测试方法

协议的一致性测试是验证各协议实现遵循协议标准文本的过程,本文首先分析了传统的协议测试方法,随后针对这些方法在IPv6路由协议一致性测试中的不足提出了一种基于虚拟机的NTP（网络时间协议）同步协议测试方法,并阐述了该方法的实现原理。     

一种自组织时间同步网

基于NTP协议构建大规模网络的时间同步网时，必须在网络每一节点上事先进行参数配置，如同步源地址等。这种网络拓扑是静态的，时间同步操作必然会受到网络环境变化的制约和影响。扩展定义两个新的NTP包SRP和SAP，将同步源抽象为一种资源，应用网格计算中的分布式资源发现方法，动态的根据网络环境变化以及节点的能力差异配置参数，进而构成了一种自组织时间同步覆盖网。该方法不仅对于NTP协议的进一步完善研究有参考价值，而且使时间同步更可靠、经济、灵活。     

基于嵌入式Linux的NTP协议的实现

在分析基于Linux操作系统的NTP协议实现过程的基础上,通过构造NTP Packet协议包、计算包交换的往返延迟Ad和对Flag值大小的设定,建立了基于嵌入式Linux的时间同步与校准系统.文中应用相对简单的程序,提高了时间校正的精准度,并且由于嵌入式Linux程序的可移植性,扩展了NTP协议的使用范围.     

支持精确时间同步协议的分布式交换机Linux驱动研究

在现代通信网络中,各节点设备之间需要高精度的时钟同步来达到硬实时的能力。高精度的时钟同步需要网络中交换机等传输设备支持精确时间同步协议。PTP精确时间协议（Precision Time Protocol）是一种高精度时间同步协议,在网络中通过同步信号周期性对所有节点时钟校正。PTP一般在硬件级实现,能够达到纳秒级别,是现代通信网络中常用的时钟同步协议。     

基于STM32的SNTP授时服务器的研究与设计

针对工控领域对时间同步的要求,给出了以STM32和W5100为核心来搭建网络硬件平台,并在其上实现简单网络时间协议（SNTP）,从而建立嵌入式授时服务器的设计与实现方法。该系统运行稳定,能够实现网络时间同步。     

硬盘播出系统的时间同步

域服务器通过和因特网上的时间服务器同步取得标准时间 ,然后通过NTP协议向整个硬盘播出系统发布。     

Adaptive hybrid clock discipline algorithm for the network timeprotocol

This paper describes the analysis, implementation, and performance of a new algorithm engineered to discipline a computer clock to a source of standard time, such as a GPS receiver or another computer synchronized to such a source. The algorithm is intended for the network time protocol (NTP), which is in widespread use to synchronize computer clocks in the global Internet, or with another functionally equivalent protocol such as DTSS or PCS. It controls the computer clock time and frequency using an adaptive-parameter hybrid phase/frequency lock feedback loop. Compared with the current NTP Version 3 algorithm, the new algorithm developed for NTP Version 4 provides improved accuracy and reduced network overhead, especially when per-packet or per-call charges are involved. The algorithm has been implemented in a special-purpose NTP simulator, which also includes the entire suite of NTP algorithms. The performance has been verified using this simulator and both synthetic data and real data from Internet time servers in Europe, Asia, and the Americas     

Network classless time protocol based on clock offset optimization

Time synchronization is critical in distributed environments. A variety of network protocols, middleware and business applications rely on proper time synchronization across the computational infrastructure and depend on the clock accuracy. The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is the current widely accepted standard for synchronizing clocks over the Internet. NTP uses a hierarchical scheme in order to synchronize the clocks in the network. In this paper we present a novel non-hierarchical peer-to-peer approach for time synchronization termed CTP-Classless Time Protocol. This approach exploits convex optimization theory in order to evaluate the impact of each clock offset on the overall objective function. We define the clock offset problem as an optimization problem and derive its optimal solution. Based on the solution we develop a distributed protocol that can be implemented over a communication network, prove its convergence to the optimal clock offsets and show its properties. For compatibility, CTP may use the packet format and number of measurements used by NTP. We also present methodology and numerical results for evaluating and comparing the accuracy of time synchronization schemes. We show that the CTP outperforms hierarchical schemes such as NTP in the sense of clock accuracy with respect to a universal clock.     

Internet time synchronization: the network time protocol

The network time protocol (NTP), which is designed to distribute time information in a large, diverse system, is described. It uses a symmetric architecture in which a distributed subnet of time servers operating in a self-organizing, hierarchical configuration synchronizes local clocks within the subnet and to national time standards via wire, radio, or calibrated atomic clock. The servers can also redistribute time information within a network via local routing algorithms and time daemons. The NTP synchronization system, which has been in regular operation in the Internet for the last several years, is described, along with performance data which show that timekeeping accuracy throughout most portions of the Internet can be ordinarily maintained to within a few milliseconds, even in cases of failure or disruption of clocks, time servers, or networks     

PTN Clock Synchronization Technology and Its Applications

Clock synchronization is an important issue for packet transport networking. Current clock synchronization technologies include synchronous Ethernet, IEEE 1588v2, and Network Time Protocol (NTP). However, individually, these technologies are beset with certain problems. Synchronization Status Message (SSM) algorithm for synchronous Ethernet standards suffers clock ring, and has difficulty tracing and counting nodes. An extended SSM algorithm can improve clock synchronization. NTP is too imprecise to meet the requirements of telecom networks, yet IEEE 1588v2 alone can lead to slow convergence time and influence time delay precision when the network is heavily loaded. ZTE therefore proposes an IEEE 1588v2 solution based on synchronous Ethernet in order to effectively raise the precision of Packet Transport Network (PTN) time synchronization.     

基于线性规划的Internet端到端时延的估计

测量Internet端到端时延特征是研究Internet端到端分组行为的重要内容之一,它能够应用于QoS(Quality of Service),SLA(Service Level Agreement)的管理、拥塞控制算法研究等许多方面.常用的端到端时延测量方法大多依赖于GPS接收机或采用NTP协议来实现收发端时钟的同步,但由于GPS接收机价格较高不可能每台主机都能配备, NTP协议的精度不能满足要求。该文基于线性规划的方法估计收发时钟的频差、相对时钟偏差等参数,以获得端到端时延的估计。作者在几条不同的链路上进行了测试,结果表明该方法能有效消除收发时钟不同步的影响。     

基于GPSD的高精度校时系统

天文观测设备对于控制系统的时间准确度有严格要求。为此,采用搭建高精度NTP服务器的方法实现系统校时。基本思路是从NMEA0183数据中提取时间信息,通过PPS信号来保证高精度。具体实现方法是采用GPS接收模块G591来构造硬件电路,软件部分需要NTP服务器软件和GPSD的正确安装和配置。对照实验表明,基于GPSD的NTP服务器校时精度可以达到微秒量级,工作性能稳定而可靠。     

时钟同步在数字电视系统中的应用

计算机技术在数字电视领域得到广泛应用。时钟准确性直接关系到节目的播出编排和授权管理以及用户的操作能否正常。采用基于GPS时钟信号，通过NTP协议实现不同平台间校时的方法，提高了数字电视系统的整体安全可靠性。     

A chaotic map‐based anonymous multi‐server authenticated key agreement protocol using smart card

Authenticated key agreement protocols play an important role for network‐connected servers to authenticate remote users in Internet environment. In recent years, several authenticated key agreement protocols for single‐server environment have been developed based on chaotic maps. In modern societies, people usually have to access multiple websites or enterprise servers to accomplish their daily personal matters or duties on work; therefore, how to increase user's convenience by offering multi‐server authentication protocol becomes a practical research topic. In this study, a novel chaotic map‐based anonymous multi‐server authenticated key agreement protocol using smart card is proposed. In this protocol, a legal user can access multiple servers using only a single secret key obtained from a trusted third party, known as the registration center. Security analysis shows this protocol is secure against well‐known attacks. In addition, protocol efficiency analysis is conducted by comparing the proposed protocol with two recently proposed schemes in terms of computational cost during one authentication session. We have shown that the proposed protocol is twice faster than the one proposed by Khan and He while preserving the same security properties as their protocol has. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.