超音速电弧喷射雾化制备AgNi15复合颗粒(英文)

采用超音速电弧喷射雾化法(UASA)制备高熔点、难互溶的AgNi15复合颗粒,采用筛分法测量复合颗粒粒度分布,使用SEM、EDS和XRD分析颗粒形貌、凝固组织结构和亚稳固溶扩展。结果表明:采用UASA制备的AgNi15复合颗粒具有球形度高和分散性好的特点,直径小于74和55μm颗粒的质量分数分别为99.5%和98%。复合颗粒凝固组织结构为富镍相β(Ni)球形颗粒弥散分布在富银相α(Ag)基体中,而较大的β(Ni)颗粒中又弥散分布着α(Ag)颗粒。Ag和Ni相互实现了亚稳固溶扩展,在室温条件Ni在Ag中的固溶度在0.16%~0.3%之间(摩尔分数)。     

超音速气雾化Ag5Fe粉末的微观分析

利用超音速气雾化的方法制备了液态微溶、固态不互溶的Ag5Fe粉末。利用电弧在放电时的高温使Fe熔解于Ag中，在随后的快速凝固过程中形成含有亚稳合金相的Ag5Fe粉末。扫描电镜观察显示：Ag5Fe粉末的粒度较均匀、细小，呈正态分布，大部分集中在25-55μm；取典型颗粒放大处理后发现：颗粒的富Ag基体中高度弥散分布着粒度在纳米级的Fe相，在富Fe基体中亦有粒度为纳米级的弥散分布的Ag相。计算结果表明：经超音速气雾化之后Ag-Fe合金颗粒有固溶，且粉末颗粒越细小固溶扩展越大。Fe在富银区域中的固溶度亚稳扩展至0-3at％～0．6at％；且在忽略少数粒度较大的粉末颗粒条件下，粉末颗粒越细，亚稳固溶度越大。     

超音速电弧喷射雾化Cu-10Ag合金熔滴的快速凝固

采用超音速电弧喷射雾化制备了Cu-10Ag合金粉末,井用SEM和X-射线衍射等对合金液滴的凝固行为进行了研究；对凝固机制进行了分析。结果表明，粉末为球形颗粒,粒径分布主要集中在15～70μm之间,平均直径为45μm；液滴初始冷却速率为10^5～10^7K／s；凝固组织是由约含7％的Ag的富Cu晶胞和约含50％～60％的Ag的晶胞壁构成的胞状晶组织,随粉末颗粒直径由80μm减小到15μm，晶胞平均尺寸由约2μm减小为约1μm。     

超音速电弧喷雾Ag-Ni、Ag-Fe粉末的快速凝固组织特征

采用超音速电弧喷射雾化制备Ag-10Ni、Ag-5Fe合金粉末,采用SEM对合金粉末的快速凝固组织特征进行研究.结合相图和X射线能谱(EDS)对快速凝固组织形成机制进行分析.结果表明:Ag-10Ni、Ag-5Fe粉末的快速凝固组织特征为α(Ag)+β(Ni)+Ni、α(Ag)+β(Fe)+Fe,α(Ag)、β(Ni)、β(Fe)为亚稳扩展固溶体;α(Ag)为树枝晶组织,二次枝晶间距约0.2 (m;β(Ni)、β(Fe)是弥散分布在α(Ag)中的微纳米球形粒子;直径较大的β(Ni)、β(Fe)中互弥散分布着纳米α(Ag)和Ag.     

工艺条件对气雾化制备SnAgCu合金粉末特性的影响

采用紧耦合气雾化法制备SnAgCu无铅焊料合金粉末,研究雾化压力和熔体过热度对粉末粒径和形貌的影响.采用干筛筛分法对所制备的粉末进行分级,采用激光粒度分析仪和扫描电镜分别对粉末的粒径、形貌和微观组织进行表征.结果表明:当雾化压力为0.7 MPa、熔体过热度为20～30 ℃时,制备的无铅焊料合金粉末中值粒径为40.10 μm,颗粒表面光洁、球形度高;当过热度为20～30 ℃、雾化压力由0.7 MPa增大至2.5～3.0 MPa时,粉末中值粒径由40.10 μm减小至32.22 μm,颗粒表面缺陷明显增多;当雾化压力为0.7 MPa、熔体过热度由30 ℃提高至50 ℃时,粉末粒径仅略微减小,但球形度明显降低;气雾化快速冷凝产生富Ag和Cu相,且富Ag和Cu相弥散分布在Sn基体内.     

冷却速度对气雾化非平衡Al-27%Si合金粉末组织形貌特征的影响

采用快速凝固气体雾化技术制备Al-27%Si合金粉末,利用对流传热原理计算合金粉末的冷却速度,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察分析不同粒度合金粉末的形貌。结果表明:快速凝固气体雾化的冷却速度介于103~106 K/s之间,对合金粉末形貌组织有较大影响。该合金粉末中细小初晶Si相和共晶Si相均匀弥散分布在α-Al基体中,且Si颗粒尺寸随粉末尺寸减小而减小。通过测定合金粉末二次枝晶间距,结合冷却速度与二次枝晶间距之间的经验公式,能较好地预测实验结果。     

Ag-Ni偏晶合金凝固过程研究

对Ag-Ni偏晶合金开展了快速/亚快速凝固实验,获得了富Ni相粒子均匀弥散分布于Ag基体的合金样品,Ag-Ni合金显微硬度随着合金Ni含量增加和试样凝固过程冷却速率升高而增大,当Ag-4.0%Ni合金液-液相变开始阶段熔体冷却速率达1800 K/s时,其显微硬度接近粉末冶金生产的Ag-10.0%Ni片状电触头的硬度。建立了描述Ag-Ni合金凝固组织演变的动力学模型,模拟计算了Ag-Ni合金凝固组织形成过程,分析讨论了合金成分和试样直径(冷却速率)对Ag-Ni合金凝固组织形成过程的影响。结果表明:富Ni相液滴/粒子形核阶段熔体的冷却速率对合金凝固组织弥散度具有决定性影响;合金的Ni含量越高、试样冷却速率越低,凝固组织中富Ni相粒子平均尺寸越大;Ag-Ni合金熔体冷却凝固时,富Ni相液滴/粒子的尺寸主要受形核和长大控制,Ostwald粗化作用很弱。     

急冷条件下Ni-Pb偏晶合金的相分离研究

采用单辊法实现了Ni-Pb偏晶合金的快速凝固,分别制备出直径40～400μm的合金粒子和宽约4mm、厚30～50μm的合金条带.在急冷快速凝固条件下,Ni-8%Pb亚偏晶合金由Ni和富Pb相组成.Ni以枝晶方式生长,富Pb相分布于枝晶间隙.随着冷却速率的增大,凝固组织显著细化,晶体形态经历由粗大枝晶向细小等轴晶的转变.在快速凝固过程中,Ni-60%Pb过偏晶合金的液相分离在很大程度上被抑制,合金粒子和条带均可获得均匀弥散的快速凝固组织.在冷却速率相近的条件下,合金粒子和条带的凝固组织与晶粒尺寸具有相似相近性,冷却速率是决定合金凝固组织的本征物理参量.     

等离子旋转电极雾化工艺制备FGH96合金粉末颗粒的组织

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等多种手段对等离子旋转电极雾化工艺(PREP)制备的不同粒度FGH96合金粉末显微组织进行研究,结果表明:200～300μm的粉末颗粒凝固组织呈现典型的树枝晶特征,-50μm的粉末颗粒凝固组织呈现典型的胞状晶特征;粉末在快速凝固过程中会析出不同形貌的亚稳碳化物MC’,不同形貌的MC’碳化物化学组成和点阵常数具有一定的差异。     

Cu-20%Co合金雾化液滴的凝固组织特征

对Cu-20%Co合金进行了高压气体雾化快速凝固实验,获得了富Co相以微细球形粒子形式分布于基体的Cu20%Co合金粉末.富Co相粒子的尺寸随着粉末尺寸的增加而增大.在凝固过程中,富Co相液滴受固-液界面推斥;凝固后,Co相粒子主要分布于晶界.由于富Co液相的表面能较高,液-液相变时弥散相液核通常在雾化液滴内部形成,并在温度梯度的作用下向雾化液滴中心迁移,从而导致在粉末表面形成很薄的富Cu基体相层.     

Cold gas dynamic spraying of a high temperature Al alloy

The present paper describes a study of the influence of cold spraying on the microstructure, heat treatment response and mechanical behavior of a high temperature 2618 aluminum alloy (Al-Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni) modified with 0.16 wt.% Sc. The microstructure of the starting powder consisted of a network of Al₂CuMg phase on the grain boundaries of the Al matrix, along with Al₉FeNi precipitates for atomized powder particles larger than 20 μm, and a cellular solidification structure for particles smaller than 20 μm. The coating after deposition was composed of the same microstructure features as observed in the feedstock powder but highly deformed. The observed overall deformation suggests the occurrence of localized adiabatic shear instability at the particle/particle boundary and adiabatic deformation softening at the powder interior during splat formation. The coating hardness was similar to the one obtained at the peak aged condition (T6). The coating aging response was influenced by the presence of Al₇FeCu₂ particles that depleted the matrix from Cu, reducing the overall hardness and overcoming the benefits of Sc addition.     

Ni-Based Metallic Glass Composites Containing Cu-Rich Crystalline Nanospheres

In this work, a quaternary Ni–Cu–Nb–Ta system has been designed to obtain composite microstructure with spherical crystalline Cu-rich particles embedded in amorphous Ni-rich matrix. The alloy samples were prepared by using singleroller melting-spinning method. The microstructure and thermal properties of the as-quenched alloy samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. It shows that the spherical crystalline Cu-rich particles are embedded in the amorphous Ni-rich matrix. The average size of the Cu-rich particles is strongly dependent upon the Cu content. The effect of the alloy composition on the behavior of liquid–liquid phase separation and microstructure evolution was discussed. The phase formation in the Ni-based metallic glass matrix composite was analyzed.     

新型耐高压铸造锡青铜的研制

以ZCuSn3Zn8Pb6Ni1合金为基础,通过添加Fe和Co,开发了耐高压铸造ZCuSn3Zn8Pb6Ni1FeCo合金,研究了Fe和Co对合金组织和性能的影响.结果表明,ZCuSn3Zn8Pb6Ni1FeCo合金显微组织与ZCuSn3Zn8Pb6Ni1的相同之处在于均以α-{ Cu,Sn,Zn }为基体,存在硬脆相δ- Cu10Sn3,Pb以单质形式析出;ZCuSn3Zn8Pb6Ni1FeCo合金中还存在α-Fe和γ-Fe析出相,以及CoCu2Sn 、Fe3Co7、Fe4Zn9等硬质相,这些硬质相和基体之间为共格或半共格关系;ZCuSn3Zn8Pb6Ni1合金铸造组织为典型的枝晶组织,晶粒平均直径约3 mm,抗拉强度为180～230 MPa,而ZCuSn3Zn8Pb6Ni1FeCo合金为等轴晶组织,晶粒平均直径为20～60 μm,抗拉强度为400～450 MPa,伸长率在20%以上;ZCuSn3Zn8Pb6Ni1FeCo合金消除了明显存在于ZCuSn3Zn8Pb6Ni1合金中的Sn的宏观偏析.     

Ag-Ni电接触材料快速/亚快速凝固过程研究

采用快速/亚快速凝固方法制备了富Ni相粒子弥散分布于Ag基体的Ag-Ni合金。建立了Ag-Ni合金凝固过程中组织演变的动力学模型,模拟计算了Ag-Ni合金凝固组织形成过程,分析讨论了合金成分对Ag-Ni合金凝固组织形成过程的影响。结果表明,合金的Ni含量越高,凝固组织中富Ni相粒子平均尺寸越大;Ag-Ni合金熔体冷却凝固时,富Ni相液滴/粒子的尺寸主要受形核和长大控制,Ostwald粗化作用很弱。     

高强可焊7A62铝合金的成分设计与跨尺度相强化作用

基于7A62铝合金的成分设计,研究Zn含量和Zn/Mg质量比对Al-Zn-Mg合金强度的影响。采用透射电镜(TEM和HREM)详细地研究7A62铝合金峰值时效的析出相,从多个晶体学方向观察了强化析出相的形貌及其与基体的关系。结果表明:Zn/Mg质量比为2~3、Zn含量增加至6.84%(质量分数)时,7A62合金的强度明显增加。峰值时效后,7A62合金基体形成了体积分数约60%、尺寸小于10 nm的沉淀强化相和体积分数约10%、尺寸为100~200 nm的弥散强化相。基体主要强化析出相是高密度均匀分布的η′相,与基体呈现半共格和晶体取向关系,形成较高晶格错配度;跨尺度位错缠结的弥散强化相是由Al、Zn、Mg、Mn元素组成的平衡相。7A62合金的化学成分和微结构特征使其成为高强可焊的铝合金。     

激光3D打印AlSi10Mg铝合金点阵结构材料的组织和力学性能

以不同激光3D打印参数制备了AlSi10Mg铝合金点阵结构材料,探索其最优化打印参数,研究了铝合金点阵结构材料的组织和性能,以及后续热处理对其组织性能的影响。结果表明,最优化打印参数为:环境温度80 ℃,粉层厚度30 μm,激光束直径80 μm,激光能量370 W,激光扫描速度1300 mm/s。制备的铝合金点阵结构材料空洞缺陷少,致密性高,显微组织呈一层层交错堆垛的激光熔池,为细小的α-Al等轴胞状晶和球状Si颗粒相组成,性能良好。经热处理后,原激光熔池缺陷、等轴胞状晶特征消失,Si颗粒相不断析出并长大,硬度和静态压缩试验下的平台应力降低,压缩性能下降。     

反复塑性变形对SiC_p/AZ31镁基复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用反复塑性变形(RPW)技术,结合挤压工艺制备出SiC颗粒增强AZ31镁基复合材料,研究了循环次数(RPW次数)对SiC_p/AZ31镁基复合材料显微组织和性能的影响.结果表明,反复塑性变形具有明显的AZ31基体晶粒细化、SiC_p细化和分散作用,能显著提高SiC_p/AZ31复合材料的抗拉强度和硬度,并改善其塑性.在SiC_p的体积分数为4%时,经RPW为300次的热挤压后,AZ31基体晶粒粒径达到最小值20 μm,SiC_p被粉碎成3 μm以下的微粒,且弥散分布于合金基体中,复合材料的室温抗拉强度和硬度(HV)达到或接近最大值,分别为359 MPa和107.     

Influence of powder particle injection velocity on the microstructure of Al-12Si/SiCp coatings produced by laser cladding

The influence of powder particle injection velocity on the microstructure of coatings consisting of an Al-Si matrix reinforced with SiC particles prepared by laser cladding from mixtures of powders of Al-12 wt.% Si alloy and SiC was investigated both experimentally and by modeling. At low injection velocities SiC particles react with the molten aluminum alloy. Only a small fraction of SiC remains in the microstructure, which contains large amounts of particles of the reaction products Al₄SiC₄ and Si dispersed in the α-Al + Si eutectic matrix. By contrast, at high injection velocities chemical reactions between SiC and molten aluminum are almost entirely suppressed and the resulting microstructure consists only of SiC particles dispersed in the matrix. To investigate whether this behavior could be explained by the different temperatures reached by the injected particles as they fly through the laser beam, a physical-mathematical model describing the interaction between the laser beam and the powder stream in the off-axis blown powder laser cladding process was developed and applied to calculate the temperature attained by the powder particles as a result of their interaction with an Nd:YAG laser beam (λ = 1.06 µm). At an injection velocity of 1 m/s the maximum temperature attained by SiC and Al-12Si particles is 3150 and 180 ºC, respectively. This result demonstrates that particle injection velocity is a major parameter affecting the microstructure of coatings produced by laser cladding, and must be carefully controlled.     

AgCuZnNi合金铸态组织及凝固路径分析

采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪以及X射线衍射等技术,对Ag-18Cu-30Zn-2Ni合金的铸态组织、相组成及结构进行了分析。结果表明,合金主要由白色基体、细小片层状共晶胞及直径为2~6μm的黑色颗粒相组成;铸态合金的物相组成为面心立方(fcc)晶格结构的Ag基固溶体相、灰色层状共晶相(Ag+Cu64Zn36)及简单立方(sc)晶格结构的近球形黑色颗粒Cu2Ni Zn相;Ag Cu Zn Ni合金的平衡凝固路径为:L→L+γ→(L+α1)+γ→((α2+β)+α1)+γ。     

Microstructure and Fracture Behavior of Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5 Bulk Metallic Glass and Its Composites Containing ZrO2

The microstructure and fracture behavior of Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5 monolithic glass and Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5 reinforced with 5%-7% ZrO2 particles composites have been studied. Vein-like pattern is the main fracture morphology of the matrix, while the smooth regions can be observed on the composites fracture surface besides vein-like pattern. The fracture strength increases from 1716 MPa to 2138 MPa after adding 7vol% ZrO2 particles with average particle size of 1 μm into the matrix, but the composites show no visible plasticity due to formation of Cu10Zr7 and CuZr phases in the matrix