缩尺模型混合模拟试验测量误差分析及试验验证

基于缩尺模型子结构混合模拟试验方法,将正态分布随机数引入测量误差,利用MATLAB和OpenSEES混合编程技术,分别对剪切型模型、弯剪型模型进行了考虑测量误差的子结构混合模拟数值模拟分析。数值模拟结果表明：在满足JGJ/T 101-2015《建筑抗震试验方法规程》的误差范围内,缩尺比为1/2、1/4缩尺模型的测量误差与足尺模型相应测量误差基本相当。在缩尺比例不小于1/4情况下,随着地震峰值加速度增大,总的累积相对差值呈增加趋势;在相同地震峰值加速度作用下,总的累积相对差值随梁柱线刚度比增加呈减少趋势。通过1/2钢框架子结构混合模拟试验,验证了所提出的缩尺模型子结构混合模拟试验方法的精准性和可行性。     

考虑倾覆力矩的子结构混合模拟试验方法

采用力-位移混合控制方法,提出了考虑倾覆力矩的子结构混合模拟试验方法。采用ANSYS有限元软件,进行了不同的加载分布方式、试验子结构刚度发生变化、不同梁柱线刚度比以及不同结构层数等情况下的数值模拟,初步验证所提方法的可行性。以6层钢框架模型为例,实现了考虑倾覆力矩情况下的子结构混合模拟试验。试验结果表明：不考虑界面倾覆力矩,将改变结构在地震作用下的内力分布和破坏模式,不能真实地反映结构在地震作用下的力学性能。     

在线数值模拟方法在防屈曲支撑-钢筋混凝土框架结构中的应用

在线数值模拟方法是一种基于模型更新的混合试验方法。在该方法中，建立整体结构数值模型和物理子结构的数值模型，分别用于结构整体分析和本构模型参数估计，且两套模型具有相同的本构关系。在线数值模拟方法中,结构响应由结构整体分析得到，边界条件自然得到满足；数值模型的本构参数不断根据试验数据在线修正，建模可靠性得到了改善。为验证在线数值模拟方法在复杂建筑结构中应用的可行性，以隐性卡尔曼滤波器(UKF)为参数估计方法，以钢材和混凝土本构模型参数为待估计量，完成了具有不完整边界条件的防屈曲支撑-钢筋混凝土框架结构的虚拟混合试验。结果表明，在线数值模拟方法削弱了边界条件的影响，提高了混合试验的模拟精度；UKF方法在多构件多本构模型参数同时估计时具有较高的精度和计算效率；在每一积分步内，在线数值模拟方法平均计算耗时0.67s，远小于加载耗时，验证了在线数值模拟方法在复杂结构试验中的适用性。     

建筑结构混合试验平台HyTest开发研究

拟动力试验是一种重要的结构抗震联机试验方法,近年来出现了网络化、有限元化和实时化的趋势,形成了混合试验方法。鉴于混合试验分支多样,涉及数值分析、加载设备与控制等多个学科,为了方便试验的实施与技术的发展,迫切需要使用混合试验平台。为此开发了建筑结构混合试验平台HyTest,能够实现全结构拟动力试验、传统子结构拟动力试验、本地及分布式的基于静力子结构的混合试验和基于动力子结构的P2P混合试验。试验平台采用MTS二次开发编程库VB-COM连接试验控制系统,还可以调用有限元软件OpenSEES和ABAQUS进行数值子结构的分析。为了开展分布式的混合试验,该平台采用Socket通讯机制实现子结构间的数据传输,并采用带中转服务器的通讯模式,解决不同局域网之间的数据传输问题。利用该平台完成了6自由度单层单跨钢框架混合试验,验证了该试验平台的有效性。     

基于动力时程分析的模型更新混合模拟方法

为降低混合模拟中边界条件及结构简化与数值结构参数误差带来的精度下降问题,提出基于全结构时程分析的模型更新方法,以全结构动力分析模型取代数值子结构模型,将试验子结构作为参数修正的对比目标。建立常见的钢框架与钢筋混凝土框架结构数值模型,筛选出其独立本构参数作为更新对象,以底层柱的弹性反弯点划分子结构,分别进行4种工况混合模拟仿真试验。研究结果表明：与传统混合模拟相比,该方法有效降低了界面弯矩简化与参数误差带来的影响,采用均匀设计的更新方法有效保证参数更新点的代表性,确保多参数更新识别的准确率,有效提升混合模拟精度;同时验证该方法在不同界面弯矩处理下的稳定性与有效性。     

Implementation of real-time hybrid simulation based on Python-graphics processing unit computing

Real-time hybrid simulation is a testing method that combines physical experiments and numerical simulations, which can increase the dimensions of experimental specimens and reduce the error of scaling testing. Currently, the maximum degrees of freedom of numerical models are 7000 in real time. To improve the scale of numerical simulation in real time, a testing framework based on Python and graphics processing unit was proposed in this paper. The maximum degrees of freedom of the numerical model exceeded 24,000 with the testing framework. The testing capacity of real-time hybrid simulation was significantly improved by the graphics processing unit calculations.     

隧道单车压力波数值模拟验证研究

数值模拟在隧道压力波研究中能灵活模拟不同的工况,并且在费用方面与现车试验、实验室模拟试验相比有不可替代的优越性,因此越来越受到研究人员和隧道设计单位的重视和关注。但国内数值模拟软件因缺乏现车试验数据的支持,故其可靠性一直备受争议。为验证我校自主开发的数值模拟软件,笔者对不同车型以不同车速通过遂渝高速铁路线上的荆竹岭和松林堡两个隧道时产生的隧道压力波进行数值模拟,并将模拟结果与遂渝高速铁路现车试验数据加以比较。结果表明:模拟结果的波形变化规律和趋势与现车试验结果基本一致,且隧道压力波最大值和最小值的误差小于5%,满足工程应用要求,成功验证了该数值模拟软件的可靠性和先进性,最后笔者对误差来源进行分析,为进一步改进和完善该数值模拟软件指出了方向。     

基于全局敏感性的模型更新混合模拟方法

针对混合模拟中数值结构本构参数不确定性,提出了基于Sobol全局敏感性分析的模型更新混合模拟方法,以试验子结构作为参数更新的对比目标.建立常见的钢框架与钢筋混凝土框架模型,推导出其独立本构参数作为更新对象,获得各个参数在地震作用全过程中全局灵敏度系数变化关系,据此进行了参数筛选,制定了核心参数更新与全参数更新两种更新策...     

A real-time hybrid simulation method based on multitasking loading

Due to the real-time loading property and the limitation of available loading facilities, both of the refined numerical substructure simulations and multiple experimental substructure tests are impossible for traditional real-time hybrid simulation method (RHSM). For improving the experimental accuracy under limited loading facilities, a RHSM based on multitasking loading (RHSM-ML) is proposed in this paper. In the proposed method, an inner-loop multitasking loading strategy is adopted for accurately reproducing the performance of multiple experimental substructures with limited available loading facilities, and an outer-loop force correction-based iteration strategy is adopted for further improving the experimental accuracy by allowing refined simulation of the numerical substructures while remaining real-time loading on the experimental substructures. Firstly, the methodology of the proposed RHSM-ML is presented. Furthermore, the numerical simulations were conducted for validating the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method. Finally, the influence of the structural model on the iterative convergence is analyzed. It is shown that the multitasking loading and the force correction-based iteration strategy are feasible for RHSM. It is shown from numerical simulations that with the contribution of the multitasking loading strategy, the correlation coefficients under different simulation conditions can up to 0.9999 within five round iterations by the RHSM-ML and the force correction-based iteration strategy of the RHSM-ML can significantly improve the iterative convergence accuracy. It is shown from iterative convergence analysis that under different structural models, the convergence of the RHSM-ML can be achieved within five round iterations.     

模型参数误差对用神经网络进行结构损伤识别的影响

通过理论推导得到了模型参数误差对损伤引起模态参数改变的贡献的表达式,用该式可指导神经网络输入参数的选择和输入向量的构造.理论分析表明,适当地构造输入向量,可以减小模型参数误差对结构损伤识别的影响.在采用BP网络和合适的输入向量后,还用数值模拟的方式对一榀六层框架的损伤识别进行了确定性研究和概率分析,结果表明,用神经网络进行结构损伤识别,受模型参数误差的影响很小,在训练神经网络时,10%的模型参数误差是可以接受的.最后,用一个两层钢框架的实验数据验证了神经网络在有模型误差时的识别能力.     

Hybrid utilization of renewable energy and fuel cells for residential energy systems

This paper describes field experiments and numerical simulations on hybrid utilization of renewable energy and fuel cells for a residential energy system. It presents results of empirical testing and evaluation of hybrid utilization involving solar energy. First, field experiments were conducted on an electric power and domestic hot water supply system that uses both solar energy and fuel cells. The system achieved a large amount of reduction in primary energy consumption compared with conventional systems. Secondly, a simulation was performed on the optimum scale and effect of introduction of the system. The simulation results proposed the optimum capacities of the solar energy utilization and fuel cells to minimize primary energy consumption of the system.     

An adaptive numerical scheme based on the Craig–Bampton method for the dynamic analysis of tall buildings

A new numerical scheme is proposed to perform a nonlinear dynamic analysis for tall buildings. The structural components (beams and columns) of tall buildings gradually enter the inelastic phase under strong seismic excitation. Because the distribution of nonlinear components is initially unknown due to the randomness of earthquake inputs, a group of linear and nonlinear substructures are automatically figured out during the time‐history analysis of a structure. Then a modified Craig–Bampton method is proposed to condense the DOFs of the linear substructures in modal coordinates at each time step while keeping the governing equation of the nonlinear substructure in physical coordinates. The dominant modes of the linear substructures are selected to capture the main dynamic characteristics of the structure. The time step integration analysis is used to solve the governing equation of the structures in hybrid coordinates. A 20‐story building is employed as the numerical simulation test to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed numerical scheme. This scheme provides a new method for the nonlinear dynamic analysis of tall buildings with acceptable simulation accuracy and high computational efficiency.     

Study on seismic performance of a super‐tall steel–concrete hybrid structure

Many steel–concrete hybrid buildings have been built in China. The seismic performance of such hybrid system is much more complicated than that of steel structure or reinforced concrete (RC) structure. A steel–concrete hybrid frame‐tube super‐tall building structure with new type of shear walls to be built in a district of seismic intensity 8 in China was studied for its structural complexity and irregularity. Both model test and numerical simulation were applied to obtain the detailed knowledge of seismic performance for this structure. First, a 1/30 scaled model structure was tested on the shaking table under different levels of earthquakes. The failure process and mechanism of the model structure are presented here. Nonlinear time‐history analysis of the prototype structure was then conducted by using the software PERFORM‐3D. The dynamic characteristics, inter‐story drift ratios and energy dissipation conditions are introduced. On the basis of the comparison between the deformation demand and capacity of main structural components at individual performance level under different earthquake level, the seismic performance at the member level was also evaluated. Despite the structural complexity and code‐exceeding height, both experimental and analytical results indicate that the overall seismic performance of the structure meet the requirements of the Chinese design code. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中间柱型阻尼器装配式自复位钢框架数值模拟

装配式自复位钢框架具有震后结构自动复位、结构残余变形及损伤较小、可以恢复结构正常使用功能等优势。但是当装配式自复位钢框架跨度较大时,常因刚度不足导致其层间位移角不能满足抗震设计规范限值要求。为此,提出了中间柱型阻尼器装配式自复位钢框架,在拟动力试验研究基础上,通过有限元软件ABAQUS进行数值模拟,并与试验结果进行对比分析;在数值模拟校验的基础上,通过有限元分析研究了施加竖向活荷载对中间柱型阻尼器工作机制的影响。研究结果表明：数值模拟与子结构拟动力试验结果在结构位移峰值、滞回性能、索力变化等方面吻合较好,数值模拟方法可靠;中间柱型阻尼器可提高框架结构的抗侧刚度,有效控制结构层间位移角,同时提高结构耗能能力,延缓主体结构塑性发展进而保护主体结构,减小结构残余变形并控制损伤;中间柱型阻尼器装配式自复位钢框架具有良好的自复位能力,竖向活荷载对中间柱型阻尼器滞回性能及耗能能力影响不大。     

铝合金结构构件的设计公式及其可靠度研究

对国产铝合金结构进行了一系列试验,包括42个材料拉伸试验、63个轴压构件试验、14个受弯构件试验和45个偏压构件试验;搜集整理了国内已有的试验结果,初步建立起铝合金结构的试验数据库。数据库中包括53条本构关系曲线、205个轴压构件试验点、38个受弯构件试验点和57个偏压构件试验点。采用有限单元法对铝合金结构构件进行了大规模的数值计算,得到了252条轴压构件失稳的稳定系数-正则化长细比曲线、480条弯曲构件弯扭失稳的整体稳定系数-正则化长细比曲线和1920条偏压构件弯曲失稳的相关曲线;并根据数值计算结果拟合出了各类构件的计算公式。最后以试验数据为基础对铝合金结构构件进行了可靠度分析,得出了国产铝合金材料的抗力分项系数,建议了其强度设计值。     

基于监测数据的高层混合结构层损伤评估

判断震后结构的损伤程度是恢复灾区生产生活秩序最迫切的工作之一.本文基于监测数据和数值模拟提出一种高层混合结构层损伤评估方法.并以一高层混合结构为例,讨论了本文方法评估高层混合结构震后损伤程度的实用性.并将分析结果与模拟地震振动台试验的试验现象及基于监测数据的模糊评价结果进行比了较.比较结果表明,该方法能够比较准确地评价...     

低损伤预应力自复位装配式混凝土耗能框架节点试验和数值研究

为了提高传统预应力干连接节点的抗震性能,提出一种带软钢阻尼器的低损伤自复位装配式混凝土（self-centering precast concrete,SCPC）耗能框架节点。设计了10个不同参数试件,对其进行拟静力试验,研究不同试验参数下梁柱组合体的裂缝开展情况、滞回特性、预应力筋合力、骨架曲线、钢筋应变等。试验结果表明：相比传统的RC节点,低损伤SCPC节点具有良好的自复位能力和抗震性能,预制构件最大裂缝宽度仅为0.08mm;试验中预应力筋始终保持弹性状态,初始预应力越大、预应力筋四周布置能明显提高SCPC节点的初始刚度和耗能能力,耗能条尺寸为中等型号的软钢阻尼器D1在三种阻尼器中耗能效果最佳;梁中纵向钢筋的应变也随梁端位移的增加而增加,且拉应变值明显大于压应变。此外,通过节点有限元模拟和试验结果的误差分析可得,节点张开弯矩、极限弯矩、初始刚度和开裂后刚度的最大误差均在7%以内,从而验证了有限元模拟方法的精确性,可为低损伤SCPC框架结构的整体抗震分析奠定基础。     

Experimental and numerical study on low damage self-centering precast concrete energy dissipated frame connections

为了提高传统预应力干连接节点的抗震性能，提出一种带软钢阻尼器的低损伤自复位装配式混凝土（self-centering precast concrete，SCPC）耗能框架节点。设计了10个不同参数试件，对其进行拟静力试验，研究不同试验参数下梁柱组合体的裂缝开展情况、滞回特性、预应力筋合力、骨架曲线、钢筋应变等。试验结果表明：相比传统的RC节点，低损伤SCPC节点具有良好的自复位能力和抗震性能，预制构件最大裂缝宽度仅为0.08mm；试验中预应力筋始终保持弹性状态，初始预应力越大、预应力筋四周布置能明显提高SCPC节点的初始刚度和耗能能力，耗能条尺寸为中等型号的软钢阻尼器D1在三种阻尼器中耗能效果最佳；梁中纵向钢筋的应变也随梁端位移的增加而增加，且拉应变值明显大于压应变。此外，通过节点有限元模拟和试验结果的误差分析可得，节点张开弯矩、极限弯矩、初始刚度和开裂后刚度的最大误差均在7%以内，从而验证了有限元模拟方法的精确性，可为低损伤SCPC框架结构的整体抗震分析奠定基础。     

Damage detection in beam-like structures using static shear energy redistribution

In this study, a static shear energy algorithm is presented for the damage assessment of beam-like structures. According to the energy release principle, the strain energy of a damaged element suddenly changes when structural damage occurs. Therefore, the change in the static shear energy is employed to determine the damage locations in beam-like structures. The static shear energy is derived from the spectral factorization of the elementary stiffness matrix and structural deflection variation. The advantage of using shear energy as opposed to total energy is that only a few deflection data points of the beam structure are required during the process of damage identification. Another advantage of the proposed approach is that damage detection can be performed without establishing a structural finite-element model in advance. The proposed technique is first validated using a numerical example with single, multiple, and adjacent damage scenarios. A channel steel beam and rectangular concrete beam are employed as experimental cases to further verify the proposed approach. The results of the simulation and experiment examples indicate that the proposed algorithm provides a simple and effective method for defect localization in beam-like structures.     

蒙特卡罗数值积分在自然单元法中的应用

自然单元法采用自然邻点插值方法在全域构造近似函数和试函数,该方法基于整个求解域内离散结点的Voronoi结构。当采用标准Galerkin法形成系统的平衡控制方程时,对弱形式的积分通常在Voronoi图的对偶图Delaunay三角形内进行,但由于自然邻接插值形函数的特性,自然单元法数值积分存在明显误差。分析了自然单元法数值积分产生误差的各种可能的原因,并提出使用蒙特卡罗方法解决这一问题。该方法权系数直接与精度相关,确定方法简单有效。采用Delaunay三角形内布积分点,使得这种概率积分结果接近数学期望。给出最少积分点数的确定方法,尽可能提高蒙特卡罗积分的计算效率。通过分片试验和悬臂梁等算例验证蒙特卡罗方法解决这些误差的可行性和有效性。