不锈钢薄腹梁受剪性能试验研究

通过对7根不锈钢薄腹梁进行受剪性能试验研究,分析了梁腹板的剪切屈曲和屈曲后强度。结果表明：所有梁均发生剪切屈曲破坏,薄腹板中形成拉力带,上翼缘和横向加劲肋中出现塑性铰;根据腹板表面应变和侧向鼓曲变形测得的剪切屈曲应力均低于理论计算的弹性剪切屈曲应力;梁的受剪承载力显著高于腹板剪切屈曲时的荷载,具有较高的屈曲后强度;梁端设置封头肋板可以提高梁的受剪承载力。基于得出的试验结果及现有其他试验数据,对两种考虑腹板屈曲后强度的受剪承载力计算方法进行评估,我国GB 50017—2017《钢结构设计标准》中的公式仅考虑了腹板的受剪承载力,其计算结果总体偏于保守,但是对腹板高厚比较小(λs<1.5)的不锈钢薄腹梁,受剪承载力计算偏于不安全,且计算结果离散性较大;EN 1993-1-4中的计算公式中同时考虑了腹板和翼缘的受剪承载力,其计算结果偏于保守且离散性较小。     

Elastic shear buckling characteristics of LiteSteel beams

LiteSteel beam (LSB) is a new cold-formed steel hollow flange channel beam. The unique LSB section is produced by a patented manufacturing process involving simultaneous cold-forming and dual electric resistance welding. To date, limited research has been undertaken on the shear buckling behaviour of LSBs with torsionally rigid, rectangular hollow flanges. For the shear design of LSB web panels, their elastic shear buckling strength must be determined accurately including the potential post-buckling strength. Currently the elastic shear buckling coefficients of web panels are determined by assuming conservatively that the web panels are simply supported at the junction between the flange and web elements. Therefore finite element analyses were carried out to investigate the elastic shear buckling behaviour of LSB sections including the effect of true support conditions at the junction between their flange and web elements. An improved equation for the higher elastic shear buckling coefficient of LSBs was developed and included in the shear capacity equations of Australian cold-formed steel codes. Predicted ultimate shear capacity results were compared with available experimental results, both of which showed considerable improvement to the shear capacities of LSBs. A study on the shear flow distribution of LSBs was also undertaken prior to the elastic buckling analysis study. This paper presents the details of this investigation and the results including the shear flow distribution of LSBs.     

冷弯薄壁型钢C形梁受剪性能分析

为研究冷弯薄壁型钢C形梁的受剪性能,在已有试验基础上,采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立非线性数值模型,对比试验与有限元结果的受剪承载力、试件破坏特征、荷载 跨中挠度曲线等;进而探讨了C形梁剪跨比、腹板高厚比、腹板厚度以及钢材强度等因素对冷弯薄壁型钢C形梁受剪性能的影响。结果表明:剪跨比是影响冷弯薄壁型钢C形梁破坏特征的主要因素,当剪跨比在0.5~1.1之间时,C形梁处于纯剪切受力状态,此时破坏模式为剪切屈服;当剪跨比在1.1~2之间时,C形梁处于弯剪受力状态,此时破坏模式为弯剪破坏;随剪跨比的增加,冷弯薄壁型钢C形梁的受剪承载力及刚度均减小;当腹板高厚比在50~150之间时,冷弯薄壁型钢C形梁的受剪承载力及刚度随腹板高厚比增加而增大,跨中挠度减小;随着腹板厚度的增加,冷弯薄壁型钢C形梁受剪承载力及刚度明显提高;增加钢材强度可显著提高冷弯薄壁型钢C形梁受剪承载力,但对冷弯薄壁型钢C形梁的刚度影响较小。     

钢骨高强混凝土梁柱十字节点抗剪性能的研究

就两个不同梁柱刚度比、内置实腹Ｉ字钢的钢骨高强混凝土（＞Ｃ７５）梁柱十字节点试件分别进行了低周反复加载试验,就高强混凝土的作用,型钢腹板、箍筋、翼缘框等对节点的抗剪能力贡献进行了分析,对不同梁柱刚度比的抗剪能力做了对比,并提出了这种结构的节点抗剪承载力公式。     

Development of super high-strength bolts with tensile strengths of 1600 to 2000 N/mm2

High-strength bolts with much higher strengths are effective in bolted joints of high-strength steels to reduce the number of bolts for both labor saving and more rapid construction. This project is directed at developing super high-strength bolts with a 1600 to 2000 N/mm² ultimate strength class as the joining parts intended for steel plates with an 800 N/mm² ultimate strength class. This paper reports the results of the investigation of the resistance to the delayed fracture of high-strength bolts, prototype and shear tests of individual bolts, and the FEM analysis of a joint including multiple bolts aligned in a line.     

Fatigue strength evaluation of welded structural details in corrugated steel web girders

Fatigue strength evaluation of welded structural details is of practical significance in the design of corrugated steel web girders in highway bridges and industrial structures. In this paper, the fatigue strengths of corrugated steel web girders with several welded structural details and welding methods are analytically examined by fatigue tests of corrugated web beams and small-size welded joints. The stress concentration & distribution characteristics of corrugated web beams were analysed using finite element analysis. The beam test results showed that the structure with scallops or notches in the flange has lower fatigue strength and that with butt joints is prone to suffer from shear crack on the corrugated web. Within the inside range of the scallop, the stress concentration becomes greater with the increase of scallop radius and the tension flange contributes significantly to the bending capacity of corrugated steel web beams. The tests for small-size welded joints indicated their applicability in the analysis and prediction of S-N relationship of the test corrugated steel web beams. Finally, the fatigue crack propagation lives of weld joints were compared with those of test corrugated steel web beams with respect to related design Categories of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications.     

高强度钢材疲劳性能研究进展

疲劳破坏是钢结构失效的主要形式,也是工程界与学术界关注的重点。在总结了国内外高强钢母材、焊缝连接和螺栓连接的疲劳性能研究现状基础上,介绍了疲劳寿命理论计算方法,结合大量试验数据分析统计了高强度钢材疲劳寿命发展规律,并基于国内外不同的疲劳设计规范对高强钢母材及连接接头的抗疲劳能力进行了评估。结果表明：随着钢材强度等级的提高,高强钢母材表现出较好的疲劳性能,规范设计曲线偏于保守,明显低估了高强钢母材的抗疲劳性能;受焊接工艺和焊接质量影响,高强钢焊缝连接的疲劳强度提高幅度较小,ANSI/AISC 360-10和EN 1993-1-9规范曲线能够较好地评估Q460D与Q690D焊缝连接的疲劳特性,并具有足够的安全储备;螺栓连接的疲劳强度受预紧力、摩擦面处理、成孔方式等众多因素影响,已有研究表明随着钢材强度的提高,疲劳强度亦有改善,ANSI/AISC 360-10和BS 7608-2014设计曲线适用于Q460螺栓连接疲劳寿命计算,具有足够安全保障,对于Q690钢螺栓连接疲劳性能评估,规范方法偏于保守。随着高强度钢材在实际工程中的应用增多,需开展大量不同等级高强钢母材和连接形式的疲劳试验,补充Q460及以上强度钢材的疲劳设计方法和细部连接构造。     

高强H形钢混凝土组合柱偏心受压性能试验研究

为研究高强H形钢混凝土组合柱的偏心受压性能以及验证采用国内外相关规范计算此类构件承载力的可行性,进行了1∶3缩尺的10根内置Q460、Q690高强H形钢混凝土组合柱与2根内置Q235普通H形钢混凝土组合柱的偏心受压试验,研究型钢钢材牌号、相对偏心距、含钢率与箍筋间距对组合柱偏压承载力与延性的影响。研究结果表明：当型钢钢材牌号由Q235提升至Q460、Q690时,组合柱的承载力和延性均有明显提升,型钢钢材牌号为Q690的组合柱承载力提高幅度略高于Q460的,其位移延性系数提高幅度明显高于Q460的;增大相对偏心距和含钢率可显著提升高强H形钢混凝土组合柱的延性;较小箍筋间距有利于充分发挥Q690高强H形钢的材料性能。将试验结果与按我国JGJ 138—2016《组合结构设计规范》、欧洲EN 1994-1-1:2004以及美国ANSI/AISC360-16得到的型钢组合柱偏压承载力计算结果进行对比。结果表明,按EN 1994-1-1:2004、ANSI/AISC360-16得到的高强H形钢组合柱偏压承载力计算结果与试验结果相差较大,总体上偏于保守;按JGJ 138—2016的计算结果与试验结果...     

剪切作用下锥形板梁的试验和数值研究

对剪切作用下的锥形钢板梁进行了试验和数值研究。试验包含4个缩尺锥形钢板梁试件,主要研究其临界剪切荷载和极限抗剪强度。此外,研究了锥形板的后屈曲特性。另外,对不同几何形状的锥形板进行了参数研究,以找到最有利的设计方案。分析的参数有:板的高宽比、翼缘的倾斜角、腹板和翼缘的长细比。由于性能的不同,对4种类型的锥形板梁分别进行建模和数值模拟。欧洲规范EN1993-1-5给出的锥形板的简化方法证实,在某些情况下,估计的极限剪切强度偏于不安全,需要进行修改。     

Experimental study on eccentric loaded high strength H-section steel reinforced concrete composite column

为研究高强H形钢混凝土组合柱的偏心受压性能以及验证采用国内外相关规范计算此类构件承载力的可行性，进行了1∶3缩尺的10根内置Q460、Q690高强H形钢混凝土组合柱与2根内置Q235普通H形钢混凝土组合柱的偏心受压试验，研究型钢钢材牌号、相对偏心距、含钢率与箍筋间距对组合柱偏压承载力与延性的影响。研究结果表明：当型钢钢材牌号由Q235提升至Q460、Q690时，组合柱的承载力和延性均有明显提升，型钢钢材牌号为Q690的组合柱承载力提高幅度略高于Q460的，其位移延性系数提高幅度明显高于Q460的；增大相对偏心距和含钢率可显著提升高强H形钢混凝土组合柱的延性；较小箍筋间距有利于充分发挥Q690高强H形钢的材料性能。将试验结果与按我国JGJ 138—2016《组合结构设计规范》、欧洲EN 1994-1-1:2004以及美国ANSI/AISC360-16得到的型钢组合柱偏压承载力计算结果进行对比。结果表明，按EN 1994-1-1:2004、ANSI/AISC360-16得到的高强H形钢组合柱偏压承载力计算结果与试验结果相差较大，总体上偏于保守；按JGJ 138—2016的计算结果与试验结果相差较小，当相对偏心距为0.2时计算结果总体上偏于安全，相对偏心距为0.6时偏于不安全。     

Untersuchungen zum Werkstoffverhalten des Feinkornbaustahls S 460 unter erhöhten Temperaturen

Examination of the mechanical properties of the microalloyed grain refined steel S 460 at elevated temperatures. To establish a basis for calculating the load‐bearing capacity of steel members made of S 460 in fire, corresponding to EN 1993‐1‐2 [1], the mechanical properties of the microalloyed grain refined steel S 460 under high temperatures have been examined. Two different kinds of steel have been considered: a normalised rolled S 460 N and a thermomechanically rolled S 460 M, that differ in their chemical composition and the temperature control during the hot‐rolling process. On the basis of transient state tensile tests, material laws have been derived for the temperature range from 20 to 900 °C. The test results show an increased strength of S 460 M at elevated temperatures in comparison to S 460 N. This is a result of the strain hardening caused by the thermomechanical deformation and the precipitates formed by niobium and titanium that constrain creep deformations. The data derived from the tests show that the stress‐strain relationships given in EN 1993‐1‐2 [1] for S 460 overestimate both the strength and the stiffness of the examined S 460 N.     

双型钢混凝土转换梁柱节点抗震性能试验研究

以广东某高层建筑为工程背景,针对大跨度转换结构,提出了双型钢混凝土转换梁柱节点的构造组合形式,通过对2个转换节点的竖向和水平荷载作用下的低周反复荷载试验,研究了节点的破坏形态、承载能力、刚度、滞回特性、延性、耗能能力及关键位置钢筋和型钢的应变等性能。试验结果表明：转换梁内置双型钢腹板形成的封闭空间对混凝土有约束作用,提高了节点区混凝土的抗剪能力;双型钢混凝土转换梁柱节点的滞回曲线饱满,极限变形能力较强,承载力较高,刚度、延性和耗能能力均较好;被转换柱与双型钢混凝土梁采用“端板螺栓连接”实现了“在被转换柱底部先出现塑性铰”,达到了“强梁强柱,更强节点”和“强转换层,弱框架层”目的。     

钢梁-钢筋混凝土柱梁柱边节点抗剪性能分析

本文采用ANSYS有限元软件分析了8个不同节点构造的"梁贯通式"钢筋混凝土柱-钢梁(RCS)边节点的抗剪性能,详细分析了RCS节点柱上端相对侧移及其组成、侧向荷载-剪应变、节点区各组成元件的抗剪承载力、节点剪力-变形曲线、钢腹板应力的发展过程、试件破坏时的应力应变分布等。结果表明,RCS节点变形是三维空间变形,内、外混凝土之间存在相对转动;RCS节点总变形由剪切变形和承压变形组成,即使发生节点剪切破坏,承压变形也占有较大比例;RCS节点抗剪由三部分组成:钢腹板、内混凝土和外混凝土,如设有钢柱面板,还应包括钢柱面板的抗剪承载力;在节点区总变形小于2%时,节点的抗剪承载力随节点总变形的增大而增大,在节点区总变形大于2%时,节点的抗剪承载力随节点总变形的增大而基本保持不变;试件破坏时,钢腹板大部分已屈服,屈服区为柱截面高度的80%,内、外混凝土有明显的斜压带存在。这些信息对进一步研究RCS节点抗剪机理和抗剪模型具有重要意义。     

Shear buckling characteristics of cold-formed steel channel beams

Cold-formed steel members are increasingly used as primary structural elements in the building industries around the world due to the availability of thin and high strength steels and advanced cold-forming technologies. Cold-formed lipped channel beams (LCB) are commonly used as flexural members such as floor joists and bearers. However, their shear capacities are determined based on conservative design rules. For the shear design of LCB web panels, their elastic shear buckling strength must be determined accurately including the potential post-buckling strength. Currently the elastic shear buckling coefficients of LCB web panels are determined by assuming conservatively that the web panels are simply supported at the junction between their flange and web elements. Hence finite element analyses were conducted to investigate the elastic shear buckling behavior of LCBs. An improved equation for the higher elastic shear buckling coefficient of LCBs was proposed based on finite element analysis results and included in the ultimate shear capacity equations of the North American cold-formed steel codes. Finite element analyses show that relatively short span LCBs without flange restraints are subjected to a new combined shear and flange distortion action due to the unbalanced shear flow. They also show that significant post-buckling strength is available for LCBs subjected to shear. New equations were also proposed in which post-buckling strength of LCBs was included.     

钢纤维活性粉末混凝土梁柱中节点抗震性能试验研究

为研究钢纤维活性粉末混凝土梁柱中节点的抗震性能及受剪承载力,完成了8个钢纤维活性粉末混凝土梁柱中节点试件的拟静力试验,研究了钢筋强度、节点核心区配箍率、贯通节点的腰筋及柱内非角部钢筋对活性粉末混凝土梁柱中节点的破坏过程、破坏形态、受剪承载力、滞回特性、耗能、承载力和刚度退化等抗震性能的影响。结果表明,梁柱纵筋采用HRB600高强钢筋延缓了刚度退化速率,提高了试件的耗能能力;核心区箍筋配筋率的增大能够改善破坏阶段试件的承载力退化特性和耗能能力,节点核心区横向钢筋面积率为0~0.98%时,节点的受剪承载力和延性随横向钢筋面积率的增大而增大;贯通节点的梁内腰筋和柱内非角部钢筋均能够有效提高节点受剪承载力、延缓构件承载力的退化、提高其耗能能力。采用GB 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计规范》的受剪承载力公式,对于低配箍率节点承载力计算偏于保守,当面积配箍率大于0.98%时偏于不安全;ACI 352-02中公式的计算结果与试验值更接近,约有9%~46%的安全裕度。     

Tests on block shear of coped beams with a welded end connection

An experimental study of block shear of coped beams with a welded clip angle connection is presented in this paper. Twelve full-scale coped steel I-beam tests were conducted. The test parameters included the web block aspect ratio (height to width ratio of the web block connected to the clip angle) and the connection rotational stiffness. Out of the 12 test specimens, eight test specimens failed in block shear of the connection, namely, tensile fracture of the block width (the web underneath the clip angle) and shear yielding of the block height (the web along the vertical side of the clip angle). Two test specimens failed by local web buckling at the cope, one test specimen failed in the welds and the remaining one did not fail due to the limited capacity of the loading jack.The test results showed that in general the block shear capacity of the test specimens increased with increasing web block aspect ratio and increasing connection rotational stiffness. The current design specifications (AISC-LRFD, CAN/CSA-S16-09, CAN/CSA-S16-01, BS EN 1993-1-8-2005, BS5950-1:2000, and AIJ-1990) provide conservative estimates of the block shear capacity of the test specimens except for the specimen that had the smallest connection rotational stiffness. It should be noted that none of the design equations evaluated in this programme consider the influence of the web block aspect ratio and the connection rotational stiffness.     

Tests and numerical study of ultra-high strength steel columns with end restraints

High strength steels with the nominal yield strength more than 460 MPa have begun to be applied in the construction of many steel structures, but there are short of sound researches on the major axis buckling behavior of such steel welded I-section columns, especially for the ultra-high strength steels having the nominal yield strength more than 690 MPa. In this paper, the experimental research is described on the overall buckling behavior about the major axis of ultra-high strength steel compression I-section columns with end restraints. In this research 8 columns made from 2 kinds of ultra-high strength structural steels S690 and S960, with nominal yield strengths of 690 MPa and 960 MPa, respectively, were tested. Based on the test results, the finite element analysis (FEA) model was validated to analyze this behavior of ultra-high strength steel columns, and the buckling strength of pin-ended columns fabricated from such steels were calculated by the verified FEA model, which were compared with the design buckling strengths according to the Eurocode 3, the American specification for structural steel buildings ANSI/AISC 360–05, and the Chinese codes for steel structures design GB50017-2003 respectively. It shows that the major axis nondimensional buckling strengths of the ultra-high strength steel compression columns, whose buckling curve is type b according to Eurocode 3 and GB50017-2003, are much higher than that calculated according to the column curve b, even higher than the curve a₀ in Eurocode 3 and the curve a in GB50017-2003 on average, and they are also higher than the design values according to ANSI/AISC 360–05. It is therefore indicated that the buckling strength about the major axis of the ultra-high strength steel I-section columns is improved a lot compared with the ordinary strength steel columns on a non-dimensional basis, and the column curve a₀ and curve a can be adopted to design this behavior in Eurocode 3 and GB50017-2003, respectively. Besides, there is no obvious difference between the major axis nondimensional buckling strengths of the pin-ended I-section columns fabricated from these two kinds of ultra-high strength steels: S690 and S960. These research works will provide the test basis to complete the buckling design method and theory of the ultra-high strength steel columns, and also be helpful for the application of ultra-high strength steel structures.     

Finite element investigation of shear failure of lean duplex stainless steel plate girders

The use of duplex stainless steel material has gained popularity in the last two decades thanks to its nature that combines well the advantages of both austenitics and carbon steel materials. The duplex grades offer a combination of higher strength than austenitics in addition to a great majority of carbon steels with similar or superior corrosion resistance. However, high nickel prices have more recently led to a demand for lean duplexes with low nickel content, such as grade EN 1.4162. Wide-ranging work is needed to include the lean duplex grade EN 1.4162, into design standards such as EN 1993-1-4. Accordingly, a finite element modelling for full-size lean duplex stainless steel plate girders of non-rigid end stiffeners of Grade EN 1.4162 is presented in this paper. The paper is principally concerned with shear failure mechanism characteristics of this type of plate girders, which is not yet investigated. The ABAQUS 6.6 programme, as a finite element package, is used in the current work. The lean duplex stainless steel material is simulated here based on an accepted stainless steel material model available in the literature. A number of transversely stiffened I-section plate girders having equal depth of 1000 mm in span of 4 m is considered and parametric studies regarding flange width-to-web depth ratio, flange-to-web thickness ratio and web plate slenderness are carried out. However, new conclusions on shear strength of lean duplex stainless steel plate girders are presented.     

Technological and economic comparison of the usage of beech and alder wood in plywood and laminated veneer lumber manufacturing

In this study, the economic and technological benefits of the usage of alder wood instead of beech wood as a raw material in plywood and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) manufacturing were compared, besides the conservation of national forest resources. For this aim, some technological properties of plywood and LVL panels manufactured from beech and alder logs were determined, and then compared with the values indicated in related standards. According to the results of this study, mechanical strength values of beech plywood and LVL panels were higher than those of alder panels. Bending strength mean values of plywood panels were higher than the limit values indicated in DIN 68705-3 and DIN 68792. Shear strength mean values obtained for the plywood panels manufactured from alder logs were above the limit value (1.0 N/mm²) indicated in EN 314-2 standard. Mechanical strength values of beech LVL panels were also higher than those of alder LVL panels. When the annual increments of beech and alder trees in 1 ha and the time they need to reach suitable diameters for the manufacturing rotary cut veneers were taken into consideration, it was calculated that alder trees allow 3.82 times additional physical harvesting than beech trees.     

钢梁混凝土柱节点中梁贯穿与柱贯穿节点受力性能对比

通过钢梁与混凝土柱节点中梁贯穿节点与柱贯穿节点两组节点共6个试件低周反复荷载试验对比,分析了不同节点连接方式下节点开裂、极限荷载、位移、刚度、耗能能力等性能。结果表明,梁贯穿节点破坏主要发生在钢梁根部翼缘及腹板,而柱贯穿节点的破坏主要发生在钢梁与锚板间的焊缝处,由于核芯区有腹板和翼缘穿过,梁贯穿节点在受力性能方面优于柱贯穿节点。梁贯穿节点的抗震能力略大于普通混凝土节点,柱贯穿节点与普通混凝土节点抗震能力对比有待于进一步研究。