配置高强钢筋的后张有黏结预应力梁短期裂缝试验研究

进行了29根配置500MPa级钢筋的后张有黏结预应力混凝土梁的受弯性能试验,获得了29组裂缝间距和96组短期裂缝宽度数据;收集了国内外29根后张有黏结预应力梁的裂缝试验数据。采用以上试验数据,分析了后张有黏结预应力混凝土梁的短期裂缝特征,并评估了GB 50010—2010《混凝土结构设计规范》中裂缝计算公式的适用性。研究结果表明：规范GB 50010—2010的短期裂缝计算方法仍适用于配置高强钢筋的后张有黏结预应力梁,按其公式计算的平均裂缝间距、平均裂缝宽度和最大裂缝宽度较试验值普遍偏大,二者之比的均值分别为1.086、1.313和1.263。因此,建议对GB 50010—2010规范公式部分参数进行修正,并建议将计算裂缝宽度明确为梁侧面最外排受拉钢筋中心处、钢筋应力取为最外排受拉钢筋的应力。通过参数回归分析,得到裂缝宽度的修正计算公式,并提出梁侧面最外排受拉钢筋中心处与受拉边缘、预应力筋中心处的裂缝宽度的换算关系式,建议公式的计算值和试验值符合较好。     

预应力FRP筋混凝土梁受弯性能试验研究

对5根以FRP筋为有粘结预应力筋、以普通钢筋为非预应力筋的预应力混凝土梁受弯性能进行试验研究。根据试验结果对预应力FRP筋混凝土梁受力过程、破坏模式及裂缝情况进行了较为详细的研究。测定了梁的极限承载力、变形发展及裂缝分布等情况。试验研究结果表明：与预应钢绞线混凝土梁相比，预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁具有很好的变形能力而极限承载力相差不多，但是预应力AFRP筋混凝土梁承载力较低。通过计算得到的极限承载力、挠度与试验结果吻合较好。     

后张法无粘结预应力筒仓施工方法

结合青海桥铝7号新鲜氧化铝筒仓的施工实践，从无粘结筋的下料、吊运、铺设等方面，介绍了后张法无粘结预应力施工时应把握的要点，并提出了质量控制的关键点。     

芳纶纤维筋有黏结部分预应力混凝土梁受弯性能研究

对以芳纶纤维筋为有黏结预应力筋、环氧涂层钢筋为非预应力筋的部分预应力混凝土梁的受弯性能进行研究,共进行了10根梁从混凝土开裂、裂缝开展直至梁受弯破坏的全过程试验。测定了梁的开裂弯矩,梁截面应变分布,变形的发展,裂缝出现、发展及分布情况,提出区分芳纶纤维筋破断及混凝土压坏的界限等效配筋率或界限中和轴高度,推导出芳纶纤维筋拉断和混凝土压坏同时发生,混凝土压坏、芳纶纤维筋未拉断及芳纶纤维筋拉断、混凝土未压坏等情况的受弯承载力计算方法,并提出芳纶纤维筋有黏结部分预应力混凝土梁短期刚度及裂缝宽度的计算方法。     

部分黏结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁受弯承载力计算公式

部分黏结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁中,CFRP筋在梁的两端为有黏结形式,而中间部分为无黏结形式。国内外已有研究表明:与有黏结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁相比,部分黏结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁具有较好的延性;与无黏结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁相比,部分黏结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁对锚具的依赖性大为减小。基于构件整体变形协调与截面内力平衡条件,建立部分黏结预应力CFRP筋极限应力增量的简化分析模型,提出可考虑不同无黏结段长度比例影响的、部分黏结预应力CFRP筋极限应力增量计算公式,并在此基础上推导不同破坏模式下部分黏结预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁受弯承载力的计算公式,公式计算值与试验结果吻合良好。     

配置500 MPa钢筋后张有黏结预应力混凝土梁不同位置处裂缝宽度研究

以8根配置500MPa钢筋后张有黏结预应力混凝土梁的弯曲裂缝宽度试验为基础,对不同位置处的裂缝宽度进行统计分析,得到各位置处的短期裂缝宽度扩大系数,比较了不同位置处的裂缝宽度关系;根据试验结果并收集整理相关文献试验数据,建议了不同位置处裂缝宽度换算的计算式。结果表明：各位置处的裂缝宽度均服从正态分布,各位置处的短期裂缝宽度扩大系数基本相同;在梁侧面,预应力筋重心高度处裂缝宽度小于纵向受拉非预应力筋重心高度处裂缝宽度;在梁受拉底面,当裂缝量测点至最近的纵向受拉非预应力筋重心的距离较小时,纵向受拉非预应力筋对量测点处的裂缝具有较好的约束作用;建议计算式可以较好地对不同位置处裂缝宽度进行换算。     

Fire tests on bonded post-tensioned concrete slabs

The results from eight fire tests conducted on bonded post-tensioned one-way spanning concrete slabs are presented in this paper. The fire tests were augmented with two additional tests at ambient temperature, carried out to failure on slabs with identical geometry and prestressing tendons. The different structural response between using plastic and metallic ducts, Limestone and Thames Gravel aggregates, and different axial restraint conditions to longitudinal thermal expansion, have been highlighted. Slabs with Thames Gravel aggregates were shown to have a much higher deflection compared to slabs with Limestone aggregates, with restrained slabs having a lower vertical deflection compared to equivalent unrestrained slabs. In all the fire tests, cracks directly inline and parallel to the tendons occurred due to thermal stresses at relatively low tendon temperatures, which were not observed in the ambient tests. It is shown that the use of plastic ducts resulted in slightly higher tendon temperatures due to the ease at which water migrated from the grout once the duct had melted. The fire tests have shown that the fire resistance specified in current codes of practice are generally conservative for bonded post-tensioned one-way spanning concrete slabs. The tests have provided detailed experimental data in the form of temperature distributions within the slab, vertical and horizontal displacements and strains in the tendons, which will allow validation of future computer models to predict the behaviour of bonded post-tensioned concrete slabs under fire conditions.     

Stiffness of reinforced concrete beams with external tendons

In recent years, external prestressing has become a primary method for strengthening existing concrete structures and has been increasingly used in the construction of newly erected ones, particularly segmental bridges. Analysis of externally prestressed members is more difficult than that of members with internal bonded tendons. This is because external tendons are unbonded to the concrete and the stress in such tendons depends on the deformations of the whole member and is assumed uniform at all sections. In this paper, a simple analytical model is outlined for predicting the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete members with external tendons under service loads. The analysis accounts for various factors that affect the flexural behavior including eccentricity variations of external tendons and span-to-depth ratios. Good agreement has been found between the predicted results and those in the literature.     

一种后张预应力筋腐蚀防护和监测的新方法

本文主要介绍一种在后张法预应力桥梁中采用的电绝缘预应力锚固体系。该锚固体系与普通的主要区别在于采用了电绝缘型的锚垫板。该垫板由圆环状承压板和塑料喇叭筒组成,而承压板中部采用传统的铸铁芯,周围包裹近乎绝缘的超高强混凝土。通过埋设电绝缘型锚垫板及采用塑料波纹管,使得预应力筋和锚具与周围混凝土绝缘隔离开来,不但能很好地起到对预应力筋的腐蚀防护,而且可应用阻抗表随时测量它们之间的阻抗。根据国外的研究成果,其阻抗值的大小反映了预应力筋受腐蚀程度。这样,可以通过监测动态阻抗值,组成无损检测系统,有效地提高预应力混凝土结构的安全性和耐久性。     

后张法有粘结预应力混凝土梁在工程中的应用

根据某工程的结构体型及施工条件,制定了后张法有粘结预应力混凝土结构方案,采用预应力混凝土结构二维设计PREC软件,对预应力混凝土梁的受力状态进行了计算分析,并从预应力筋的铺设、孔道灌浆等方面,对其施工要求进行了说明。     

带体外力筋的预应力混凝土梁的极限强度和塑性

由于在减小梁腹厚度和维修可行性方面的优势,在当代的建筑趋势中带体外预应力的预浇拼接式桥梁已很普遍了。连续梁可以减少伸缩缝数量,改善行车路况,但这种梁的内在结构特性很难分析(尤其在极限状态下)。本丈通过实验来检验比较带体外应力和带复合应力的两种跨连续梁在非对称载荷下的伸缩特性     

Whole-building behaviour of bonded post-tensioned concrete floor plates exposed to fire

This paper discusses the whole-building behaviour of post-tensioned concrete floor plates under fire conditions. Based on the results of eight fire tests on one-way spanning bonded post-tensioned concrete slab strips, recently conducted by the authors, a nonlinear finite element model was developed to model an entire typical concrete floor plate. The considered floor plate was post-tensioned using bonded tendons and was supported on traditional reinforced concrete columns. The overall objective of the study was to provide an understanding of the structural response and modes of failure of these floor plates under fire conditions. The mechanical and thermal material nonlinearities of the floor’s components, consisting of the concrete, grout, prestressing tendon, and the anchorages, as well as the reinforced concrete columns, have been considered in the model. The interface between the tendon and grout was also considered, allowing the bond behaviour to be modelled and the tendon to retain its profile shape during the deformation of the floor. The model has been validated against published finite element results on a floor plate under normal temperature conditions. The temperature distribution throughout the floor slab and supporting columns, together with the developed displacement and stress due to heating, and the overall fire resistance of the floor were predicted by the model. Furthermore, the variables that influence the structural behaviour comprising different natural fires, applied static load during fire, use of non-tensioned reinforcement, as well the difference between unbraced and braced frames were investigated in a parametric study. The study has shown that the failure mode of the floor under fire conditions is mainly due to tensile splitting along the tendons that extended to the top surface, while at ambient conditions the mode of failure is punching shear. The restraint provided by shear walls in the considered braced frame and the use of non-tensioned flexural reinforcement affected the vertical displacement behaviour under fire conditions, but did not affect the fire resistance due to the predicted tensile splitting failure mode. From the studies presented it is concluded that the design fire resistance of the floor specified in Eurocode BSEN1992-1-2 is acceptable, while that in the UK code BS8110 is unconservative and should be modified.     

体外索钢箱-混凝土组合梁力学性能研究

对一种新型的体外索钢箱-混凝土组合梁与普通的钢箱-混凝土组合梁进行对比试验,研究这两种钢箱-混凝土组合梁受力过程中的应变分布、界面滑移、刚度、极限强度等力学性能的差异。试验证实,体外索钢箱-混凝土组合梁比普通的钢箱-混凝土组合梁的刚度提高54.15%,极限强度提高27.72%。由于体外索的作用,减少了钢箱-混凝土组合梁的脆性破坏程度,提高了结构的强度与刚度,使钢箱-混凝土组合梁的应变分布和增长更为合理。因此,体外索钢箱-混凝土组合梁具有更好的力学性能。试验表明,截面应变沿宽度方向呈非线性分布,剪力滞效应随荷载的增加而变化,并不是常量。研究还发现,体外索应力与混凝土翼板最大压应变有密切的关系。在试验研究基础上,建立了截面非线性分析模型和体外索钢箱-混凝土组合梁极限强度计算公式,计算的极限强度与试验结果符合很好,这为体外索钢箱-混凝土组合梁极限强度的理论分析和工程实际应用提供了有意义的参考和研究途径。     

Finite element modeling of concrete beams prestressed with external tendons

In this study, a numerical model based on the finite element method incorporating an arc-length solution algorithm for materially and geometrically nonlinear analysis of concrete beams prestressed with external tendons is established. The second-order effects are taken into account. The effects of external tendons are expressed by equivalent nodal loads of the beam element and therefore analysis of externally prestressed concrete beams can be conducted with the ordinary bonded concrete beams. The section tangent stiffness matrix is derived by the layered approach, and then the nonlinear beam flexural theory is utilized to determine the element tangent stiffness matrix. An updated normal plane arc-length solution algorithm is used to trace the nonlinear response of the beams from zero loads up to ultimate loads. This algorithm can deal well with the changes of response during loading, so that the possible limit points on the load–deflection response prior to the ultimate limit state can be easily passed. Results predicted by the analysis are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

框架结构后张法有粘结预应力板的施工

结合工程实例,详细介绍了框架结构后张法有粘结预应力技术的工艺流程及具体施工要点,实践证明,该工程采用有粘结预应力技术,满足了工程的功能和使用要求,取得了显著的经济效益。     

后张法预应力箱梁夹片式锚具锚固失效因素探讨

预应力施加后夹片式锚具有效锚固是后张预应力箱梁结构质量的最终体现。本文从钢绞线的力学性能、孔道位置线型、锚具质量精度、张拉控制程序等多方面探讨了锚固失效的原因。提出了相应的处理措施,以期为实际施工提供指导。     

Behavior of composite beams prestressed with external tendons: Experimental study

The paper deals with the failure mechanisms and behavior of composite steel-concrete beams prestressed with external tendons and subjected to positive bending. Experimental tests were carried out on beams with straight and draped tendons as well as on a non-prestressed beam. Six simply supported beams subjected to a positive static bending moment were tested up to failure. The influence of shear connection flexibility was taken into account and slip was measured along the beam axis. Concurrently, push-out specimens were made and tested to determine shear force vs. slip curves. It was found that at the same eccentricity of tendons (draped or straight without saddle points) the tendon shape has no significant effect on the behavior and ultimate resistance of composite steel-concrete beams. It is also shown that steel-concrete bond cohesion can significantly influence the behavior of the shear connection in composite beams. This influence is comparable with the design shear resistance of a single stud connector.     

Innovative technique for identification of prestressing tendons layout in post-tensioned bridges using a probe with MEMS accelerometer

Post-tensioned concrete bridges are currently often constructed engineering structures. In this type of bridges it is crucial that geometrical layout of prestressing system complies with the design requirements. Unfortunately, major errors still occur during assembly of tendon routes. This has often negative effects. In a local aspect, it may cause a local damage, such as spalling of concrete cover. In a global aspect, prestressing may produce distribution of forces in the bridge structure different from the expected. That is why numerous methods have been developed to control the accuracy of executed tendon routs. Some of them, e.g. geodetic measurements with levelers, require direct access to tendon sheaths. Other methods, which can be used after casting of concrete (mainly NDT methods) have a series of resolution, efficiency and accessibility limitations. Hence, the paper presents a proposal of an alternative method for control of tendons routing using a special probe with Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems capacitive accelerometer. The paper presents a concept of tests performed with the probe, evaluation of the probe application in the view of a random process and finally assessment of the results obtained with the use of the constructed measurement system in trial laboratory conditions.     

Parametric study of hexagonal castellated beams in post-tensioned self-centering steel connections

The effects of important parameters (beam reinforcing plates, initial post-tensioning, and material properties of steel angles) on the behavior of hexagonal castellated beams in post-tensioned self-centering (PTSC) connections undergone cyclic loading up to 4% lateral drift have been investigated by finite element (FE) analysis using ABAQUS. The PTSC connection is comprised of bolted top and bottom angles as energy dissipaters and steel strands to provide self-centering capacity. The FE analysis has also been validated against the experimental test. The new formulations derived from analytical method has been proposed to predict bending moment of PTSC connections. The web-post buckling in hexagonal castellated beams has been identified as the dominant failure mode when excessive initial post-tensioning force is applied to reach greater bending moment resistance, so it is required to limit the highest initial post-tensioning force to prevent this failure. Furthermore, properties of steel material has been simulated using bilinear elastoplastic modeling with 1.5% strain-hardening which has perfectly matched with the real material of steel angles. It is recommended to avoid using steel angles with high yielding strength since they lead to the yielding of bolt shank. The necessity of reinforcing plates to prevent beam flange from local buckling has been reaffirmed.     

Fatigue-loading effect on RC beams strengthened with externally bonded FRP

External bonding of fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) on concrete beams is particularly attractive for the strengthening of civil engineering structures in order to increase their strength and stiffness. Principles for design of such strengthening methods are now established and many guidelines exist. However, fatigue design procedure is still an ongoing research topic.This paper focuses on the damage behavior of FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) structures subjected to fatigue loading.In order to design bonded reinforcements, an iterative computational method based on section equilibrium and material properties (concrete, steel, adhesive and composite) has been previously developed by authors [1], [2], [3]. In the present study, this method is extended to describe the fatigue behavior of RC beams.A specific modeling coupled with an experimental investigation on large-scale beams made it possible to compare the theoretical and experimental fatigue behaviors of RC beams with and without composite reinforcements. The model is developed and calibrated using data of the literature or recorded during experiments specifically carried out for this study. Results showed that the beam deflection and the strain in each material could be calculated with a sufficient accuracy, so that the fatigue behavior of the FRP-strengthened beams was correctly estimated by the model.