碳纤维缠绕叠合梁冲击破坏效果模型参数的监测

借助振动试验,对两种类型缠绕叠合材料(重、轻)的冲击韧性进行研究。由于尚缺少有效的缠绕叠合材料冲击试验相关文献,本文采用简单的对称冲击。对两种破坏水平(BVID和表面不明显破坏)模型参数的变化进行分析,振动试验结果表明:与重缠绕试件相比,轻缠绕试件具有较好的阻尼,对冲击破坏十分敏感。而且,与刚度变化相比,阻尼与对破坏更敏感。因此,可推断出,阻尼可用以替代自然频率作为结构健康监测破坏的指标。     

钢板夹层阻尼高频TMD两阶段设计方法

随着工业化的发展,建筑结构逐渐轻量化,机械设备逐渐重型化、高效化,这使得机械设备高频扰力导致的结构振动问题越来越突出;为了减轻结构的高频受迫振动响应,可以在结构振动响应较大的位置安装高频高阻尼比的钢板夹层阻尼悬臂梁式调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,TMD).由于TMD的弹性元件与阻尼元件相互耦合,因...     

Seismic retrofit design and risk assessment of an irregular thermal power plant building

Electric power system is one of essential lifeline systems for an urban community. An actual power plant building with typical coal‐fired power generation process is selected to be studied in this paper. The detrimental impacts on the seismic performance of the structural system induced by heavy coal bunkers and irregular bracing configurations are expected to be mitigated by using retrofit strategies. A total of three retrofit design schemes that employ the isolation and supplemental damping techniques are developed. The original design scheme of the actual thermal power plant building that adopts steel special concentrically braced frame as lateral‐force resisting system is used as benchmark for comparison purposes. Nonlinear response‐history analyses are performed, and the obtained seismic responses are compared. To better quantify the benefit of the considered retrofit strategies, seismic risk in terms of probabilities of exceeding designated damage states as well as the downtime are analyzed. For the studied thermal power plant building, the results show that the added damping system is more effective in seismic risk reduction than the isolation for heavy coal bunkers. Compared to the original structural system design, the use of supplemental damping system cut the downtime of the thermal power plant building at most 42%.     

Steel-concrete-steel sandwich composite structures subjected to extreme loads

This paper summarizes the latest research and development work on steel-concrete-steel (SCS) sandwich composite structures for the use as Arctic offshore platform, and to resist impact and blast loads. Current development of ultra-lightweight cement composite (ULCC) and a floatable structural cement composite (FSCC) to be used as infilled materials for SCS sandwich structure are presented. This paper aims to advance the application of SCS sandwich composite with the use of steel plate and lightweight concrete materials. A series of tests on lightweight SCS sandwich panels with shear connectors has been carried out. The superior performance of SCS sandwich panel is demonstrated. The results show that SCS sandwich with novel J-hook connectors is effective in preventing plate separation from concrete core, maintaining the structural integrity.     

Neural network method based on a new damage signature for structural health monitoring

Adopting wide-band Lamb wave based active monitoring technology, this study focuses on a neural network method based on a new damage signature for on-line damage detection applied to thin-walled composite structures. Honeycomb sandwich and carbon fiber composite structures are studied. Two kinds of damage are considered: delamination and impact damage. A new damage signature is introduced to determine the presence and extent of damage in composites, while eliminating the influence of different distances between the actuator and sensor. Neural network method is researched to take advantage of this new damage signature combined with several other signatures to decide the damage mode. Kohonen neural network is developed. The proposed method is shown to be effective, reliable, and straightforward for the specimens considered in the present study, which are composed of different materials and suffer various levels of damage.     

胶合木梁-柱摩擦型节点滞回性能研究

将摩擦型连接和形状记忆合金（SMA）板引入重型胶合木结构,提出了胶合木梁-柱摩擦型节点并研究了其滞回性能。分别以钢材和木材作为摩擦板材料,设计并制作了3个1∶2缩尺节点,开展了水平低周反复加载试验,获取了节点的典型破损模式和弯矩-转角滞回曲线,对比了节点的弹性转动刚度、峰值弯矩、耗能能力和残余变形。基于胶合木梁-柱摩擦型节点的工作机理建立了节点弯矩-转角滞回模型。结果表明：摩擦型节点主要发生SMA板受拉断裂,节点连接区域木材基本保持完好。相比普通螺栓钢填板节点,摩擦型节点的弹性转动刚度基本保持不变,峰值弯矩下降2%~17%,但各级位移加载幅值下节点耗能增加64%~278%,等效黏滞阻尼系数基本大于0.2,残余变形减小。采用钢制摩擦板的摩擦型节点残余变形更小,采用木质摩擦板的摩擦型节点的等效黏滞阻尼系数较大。胶合木梁-柱摩擦型节点的弯矩-转角滞回模型与试验滞回曲线吻合良好,表明其可用于工程结构分析。     

Hysteretic performance of frictional glulam beam-to-column connections

将摩擦型连接和形状记忆合金（SMA）板引入重型胶合木结构，提出了胶合木梁-柱摩擦型节点并研究了其滞回性能。分别以钢材和木材作为摩擦板材料，设计并制作了3个1∶2缩尺节点，开展了水平低周反复加载试验，获取了节点的典型破损模式和弯矩-转角滞回曲线，对比了节点的弹性转动刚度、峰值弯矩、耗能能力和残余变形。基于胶合木梁-柱摩擦型节点的工作机理建立了节点弯矩-转角滞回模型。结果表明：摩擦型节点主要发生SMA板受拉断裂，节点连接区域木材基本保持完好。相比普通螺栓钢填板节点，摩擦型节点的弹性转动刚度基本保持不变，峰值弯矩下降2%~17%，但各级位移加载幅值下节点耗能增加64%~278%，等效黏滞阻尼系数基本大于0.2，残余变形减小。采用钢制摩擦板的摩擦型节点残余变形更小，采用木质摩擦板的摩擦型节点的等效黏滞阻尼系数较大。胶合木梁-柱摩擦型节点的弯矩-转角滞回模型与试验滞回曲线吻合良好，表明其可用于工程结构分析。     

复合夹层材料在活动房中的应用探讨

阐述了复合夹层材料在当前活动房设计生产中的重要性。概括了组成复合夹层材料的面板和芯材,并对各类面板、芯材的优缺点进行了比较分析,指出泡沫塑料和轻木是形成新型复合夹层材料的重要基础。对比分析金属与非金属两种夹芯板在不同环境下的适应性,得出玻璃钢将广泛应用于活动房复合夹层板的结论。     

Analysis and design of steel-concrete composite sandwich systems subjected to extreme loads

This paper presents the design guide based on analytical, numerical and experimental investigation of Steel-concrete-steel (SCS) sandwich structural members comprising a lightweight concrete core with density ranged from 1300 to 1445 kg/m³ subjected to static, impact and blast loads. The performance of lightweight sandwich members is also compared with similar members with normal weight concrete core and ultra high strength concrete core (f _c = 180 MPa). Novel J-hook shear connectors were invented to prevent the separation of face plates from the concrete core under extreme loads and their uses are not restricted by the concrete core thickness. Flexural and punching are the primary modes of failure under static point load. Impact test results show that the SCS sandwich panels with the J-hook connectors are capable of resisting impact load with less damage in comparison than equivalent stiffened steel plate panels. Blast tests with 100 kg TNT were performed on SCS sandwich specimens to investigate the key parameters that affect the blast resistance of SCS sandwich structure. Plastic yield line method is proposed to predict the plastic capacity and post peak large deflection of the sandwich plates. Finally, an energy balanced model is developed to analyze the global behavior of SCS sandwich panels subjected to dynamic load.     

基于试验测量的高层结构整体抗震损伤评估

结构的损伤模型可以从材料、构件和整体三个层次研究。整体结构损伤模型主要以结构整体为研究对象,从结构的整体反应参数变化研究结构整体性能的变化规律,并对在地震作用下结构的损伤、抗震性能进行分析。结构损伤时物理参数的变化,必将引起动力参数的变化。因此可以通过动力测试来捕捉结构动力参数的变化,如:结构损伤前后固有频率、模态振型和阻尼的变化,可以进行结构损伤诊断。结合在同济大学土木工程防灾国家重点实验室做过的几十个模拟地震振动台试验测试结果,统计和总结地震作用下高层建筑结构自振频率与阻尼比的变化规律,提出了一种新的损伤模型与损伤指标。该损伤模型综合考虑了高阶振型、振型参与系数、结构自振频率、阻尼比等影响因素。最后,用该损伤模型和损伤指标对其中3个典型的高层建筑结构模型模拟地震振动台试验数据进行验证,结果表明:该损伤模型与试验现象基本吻合。可对既有工程结构快速准确地进行动力损伤识别与评估。     

钢筋混凝土框架夹心节点抗震性能试验研究

钢筋混凝土框架结构中通常柱混凝土强度高于梁的混凝土强度,当节点与梁用较低强度混凝土同时浇筑时,便形成钢筋混凝土框架夹心节点。通过11个钢筋混凝土框架夹心节点（包括平面中节点2个,平面端节点2个,改进型平面节点4个,空间中节点、空间端节点、空间角节点各1个）及3个用于对比分析的传统空间节点（空间中节点、空间端节点、空间角节点各1个）的拟静力试验,结合之前完成的7个平面夹心节点试验及6组平面夹心节点与传统节点的抗震性能对比,对钢筋混凝土框架夹心节点的抗震性能进行研究,包括开裂损伤过程、失效模式、位移延性、变形性能、受压承载力、受剪承载力、滞回耗能、梁筋粘结锚固性能等。研究表明：虽然核心区混凝土强度降低对试件抗震性能有一定不利影响,但通常不会改变框架节点的破坏模式,满足剪压比、轴压比、梁柱混凝土强度比、核心区配筋量条件下的夹心节点,其抗震性能大多可以满足结构设计的需求,或采取加插短筋、增设斜筋等加强措施后可以满足。     

Impact tests on steel–concrete–steel sandwich beams with lightweight concrete core

This paper studies the impact performance of Steel–Concrete–Steel (SCS) sandwich beams consisting of a lightweight concrete core sandwiched between two face plates that are connected by J-hook connectors. Impact tests were carried out by dropping free weights on to sandwich beams to investigate their structural response against impact loads. Test results revealed that the proposed J-hook connectors provide an effective means to interlock the top and bottom steel face plates, preventing them from separation during impact. The use of fibres in concrete core and J-hook connectors for composite action enhances the overall structural integrity of the sandwich beams when compared with those without such enhancement. An elastic–plastic analysis method is developed to predict the force-indentation relationship of sandwich sections subjected to local impact. Dynamic analysis based on the local force-indentation relationship is carried out to predict the impact force and global response behavior of the sandwich beams. The predicted results are compared with those obtained from the tests to validate their accuracy so that they can be used to evaluate the performance of sandwich beams under low velocity hard impact.     

落物竖向冲击下PC装配式简支箱梁桥动力响应及损伤分析

为评估落物(重型货物、落石)竖向冲击下的桥梁工作性能,以跨径30 m的预应力混凝土装配式箱梁桥为对象,建立精细化结构模型并与足尺模型试验结果进行对比验证;采用显式动力分析方法对落物冲击多片式箱梁的动力响应和损伤发展过程进行分析,探讨了不同坠落冲击位置、冲击能量以及冲击角度等因素下桥梁的损伤特征和发展规律.结果表明:落物...     

CFRP/BFRP混杂效应试验研究和理论分析

为了研究混杂纤维的混杂效应和本构关系,进行了1CnB混杂纤维布(1层CFRP布和n层BFRP布的混杂布)单轴拉伸试验研究,采用不同的混杂比和两种铺层方式.结果表明,BFRP层数较少时,破坏形式仍然表现为完全的线弹性;随着BFRP比例的提高,混杂纤维断裂应变不断提高,本构关系曲线上开始出现"屈服平台"和多级断裂的现象,破...     

Damping analysis of beams submitted to passive and active control

In this paper an analytical method is proposed for damping analysis of sandwich beams with piezoelectric and viscoelastic layers. Based on the classical zig-zag model and some assumptions about the electric field, this method leads to an analytical expression of the modal loss factor and frequency. Considering two feedback control laws, the obtained hybrid damping of the sandwich beam is characterized. Numerical finite element applications are considered, in order to examine the efficiency and limitations of the presented method.     

竖向地震对柔性直流换流站大跨度阀厅结构影响分析

柔性直流换流站阀厅常常采用大跨度钢结构,由于阀厅结构的复杂性和重要性,应对其竖向地震响应进行分析。依托厦门柔性直流换流站工程,采用弹性时程分析法对大跨度阀厅结构的竖向地震响应进行计算分析。结果表明,不同于水平地震,竖向地震对阀厅屋盖弦杆及钢柱的轴力影响较大,其对重型屋盖阀厅结构的影响比轻型屋盖阀厅结构更为显著。此外,通过对不同跨度的重型屋盖阀厅钢结构在不同场地类别下的竖向地震响应的试算,推荐该类结构在7度0.15g时竖向地震影响系数可偏安全的取0.08。     

Crashworthiness investigation of kagome honeycomb sandwich cylindrical column under axial crushing loads

For the classic thin-walled energy absorber, the energy dissipation during a collision is concentrated over relatively narrow zones. This means that a great deal of materials of the columns do not participate in the plastic deformation or not enter into the large plastic deformation stage. To expand the plastic deformation zones and improve the energy absorption efficiency, a new type of kagome honeycomb sandwich bitubal circular column is presented in this paper. This innovative impact energy absorber is made of two circular aluminum tubes filled with core shaped as a large-cell kagome lattice. The interaction effect, deformation mode and energy absorption characteristics of the composite structure are investigated numerically. Observing the collapsing process, it is found that the kagome lattices buckle first, which triggers the outer and inner skin tubes to fold locally. This behavior increases the plastic deformation areas. Moreover, the presence of the outer and inner tubes strengthens the buckling capacity of kagome cell. Furthermore, the folded tube walls intrude into the gap of the honeycomb cell, which further retards the collapse of the honeycomb cell. So the interaction effects between the honeycomb and column walls greatly improve the energy absorption efficiency. In addition, the effects of geometrical parameters of the kagome honeycomb on the structural crashworthiness are studied. It is found that the cell wall thickness and cell distribution (cell number in the circumferential direction) have distinct effects on the specific energy absorption. Besides, we also studied the foam-filled column with the same foam density as the kagome honeycomb and compared it with the kagome sandwich structure. It is found that the kagome sandwich column has higher mean crash force and better energy absorption characteristics.     

正交正放类网架结构动力响应的拟夹层板分析法

本文把正交正放类平板网架假设为由三层不同性质材料组成的各向正交异性夹层板，根据考虑剪切变形的具有三个广义位移的平板振动理论对其动力问题进行了研究。利用两个双重级数为试函数，推出了四边简支边界条件下网架结构动力特性的精确解。在不考虑阻尼力的情况下，求得了其竖向地震响应的解，并且计算公式中的系数可利用竖向地震区应请求得。     

基于Qtech-501黏弹阻尼材料约束阻尼结构阻尼性能的研究

采用自由梁锤击法对基于Qtech-501黏弹阻尼材料的约束阻尼结构进行测试,通过DASP系列软件分析得出一阶共振频率、阻尼比和振动加速度。结果表明:1)结构YZ的阻尼比在3.020%以上,振动加速度均在1.540 1 m/s2以下,2)结构YS的阻尼比在6.740%以上,振动加速度均在1.180 1 m/s2以下,3)结构YZ和YS的振动加速度在0.125 s内即可衰减至零,而无阻尼结构的振动加速度衰减至零则在1 s以上。     

水泥砂浆动态轴向拉伸本构关系试验研究

针对混凝土的重要组成材料水泥砂浆,在MTS试验机上对其进行不同应变速率、不同预静载下的冲击加载以及变幅三角波荷载下的动态轴向拉伸系列试验。试验结果表明:①砂浆的抗拉强度随应变率变化敏感性较强,在10-6～10-2 s-1应变率范围内,强度可提高2倍以上;②弹性模量随应变率增加成比例增长,但幅度不大;③峰值应变随应变率的提高有所提高,但离散性较大。极限应变值没有明显率敏感性;④由应变片值获得的名义轴拉应力应变曲线可简化为三段折线,上升段可近似看为直线段,下降段可看成两段折线,卸载至约25%强度时,出现拐点,应变约为200με;⑤65%以下预静载没有对砂浆的动载强度产生不利,反而有所增强;⑥在加载上升段进行地震作用频率范围的往复加载,对水泥砂浆造成的损伤累计较小。