爆炸荷载下钢筋混凝土简支板的有限差分分析

考虑应变率效应、剪切和弯曲变形、横断面几何尺寸、荷载情况,编制有限差分分析程序,精确有效地分析爆炸荷载下钢筋混凝土简支板的动力响应。与构件截面应变速率相适应,采用截面分层分析模型,建立截面矩与和曲率的关系。根据所提公式,将相应的应变率效应与截面分层分析模型相结合,沿构件长度方向,对构件纵向应变速率的分布进行评估。采用明确的有限差分方法,可得到包括剪切变形和转动变量的Timoshenko梁方程的数值解。结合爆炸量和距离,根据钢筋混凝土板爆炸试验的结果,验证所提有限差分分析模型的精确性。与传统的单自由度分析和有限元分析相比,有限差分分析程序快速、精确,结合了单自由度分析的速度和有限元分析精确的优势,十分适合于设计公司应用。     

钢筋混凝土梁式构件抗爆分析的改进等效单自由度方法

爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土梁式构件可能会出现多种破坏模式，主要有弯曲破坏、直剪破坏和弯剪联合破坏等。现有结构构件抗爆分析方法主要考虑爆炸荷载下结构构件的弯曲破坏，对直剪破坏和弯剪联合破坏研究较少，尤其缺少快速准确的抗爆分析方法。基于等效单自由度模型理论，改进了钢筋混凝土梁抗爆分析的直剪单自由度方法，提出了直剪、弯剪联合破坏的判定准则，给出了两种破坏模式下钢筋混凝土梁动态响应的计算方法。进一步考虑爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土梁的弯曲破坏、直剪破坏和弯剪联合破坏，提出钢筋混凝土梁式构件抗爆分析的改进等效单自由度方法，并给出了其分析步骤。该方法可以直接评估爆炸荷载下钢筋混凝土梁式构件的破坏模式，并计算其动态响应。通过有限元软件LS-DYNA数值模拟了不同爆炸工况下钢筋混凝土梁式构件的动态响应和破坏模式，与改进的等效单自由度方法的计算结果进行了对比，验证了提出的改进等效单自由度分析方法的正确性。     

火灾下瞬时应变对混凝土和钢管混凝土柱强度的影响——第2部分:简单数值模拟

对混凝土和钢管混凝土柱进行了有限元分析。研究采用结构防火工程有限元分析软件Vul-can,该软件可考虑混凝土的瞬时应变。已通过简化的Shanley模型证实Vulcan可实现瞬时应变。对简化模型进行了拓展,使其能与有限元(FE)模型直接进行对比。通过简化模型和FE模型,评价了考虑柱截面热梯度的瞬时应变的影响。最后,使用Vulcan对考虑长细比、加固、钢套管以及截面热梯度影响的钢管混凝土柱进行了参数研究。     

Elastic buckling analysis of pultruded FRP portal frames having semi-rigid connections

Presented in this paper are results for the elastic instability of Pultruded Fibre Reinforced Polymer (PFRP) portal frames with semi-rigid connections. The kinematical model used is based on a second-order displacement field, accounting for the shear strain influence on both non-uniform bending and torsion. A two-node locking-free finite element with seven degrees of freedom per node is adopted. Joint flexibility at member ends is included by means of a simple manipulation of the stiffness matrix to the finite element, such that the influence of joint behaviour on membrane, shear, bending and torsion deformations, as well as to cross-section warping, can easily be taken into account. Numerical examples are reported and discussed to illustrate the influence on elastic buckling loads of in-plane and out-of-plane moment-rotation behaviour of joints, as well as the role played by the base warping restraint and deformable lateral bracings.     

Probabilistic response evaluation for RC flexural members subjected to blast loadings

The probabilistic responses of the maximum displacement and displacement ductility factor for a reinforced concrete (RC) flexural member against potential blast loadings are evaluated through a nonlinear dynamic analysis of its equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system. Monte-Carlo simulation is used in the analysis. Some differences are observed between the actual responses of the RC member and those of the equivalent SDOF system due to the complex behaviours of reinforced concrete structural members under blast conditions. Two non-dimensional indices are defined to quantify the differences and their expressions are generated through a large amount of numerical and statistical analyses. The approach of utilizing the indices into a probabilistic response assessment of RC flexural members accounting for different kinds of uncertainties is illustrated via four numerical examples which are verified through nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis. It is concluded that the probabilistic response of RC flexural members obtained from the developed approach have a similar distribution with those from probabilistic nonlinear finite element analysis.     

Numerical modelling of yielding shear panel device for passive energy dissipation

Yielding shear panel device (YSPD) is a relatively new passive energy dissipation device, which is designed to exploit the shear deformation capacity of metallic plates to absorb earthquake energy. YSPD is inexpensive and its simplicity in manufacturing and installation are the key to its possible commercialisation. The current research investigates the development of finite element (FE) models for YSPD using a general purpose FE software ANSYS; the modelling procedure is based on the test results obtained from the pilot testing scheme carried out at the University of Queensland and City University of Hong Kong. The developed FE models include both material and geometric nonlinearities. Nonlinear spring elements have been used to model the appropriate support conditions observed in the experiments. Results obtained from the FE analysis are compared against the test results for both monotonic and cyclic loadings. A theoretical approach is also proposed herein to predict the initial stiffness of the load–deformation response of YSPD and the predictions obtained using the proposed analytic model are also compared against those available both from the experiments and the developed FE models. Additional results generated using the verified FE models will be used to develop design rules for YSPD.     

六边形钢管混凝土构件的受扭性能研究

通过有限元分析软件ABAQUS研究了六边形钢管混凝土构件的纯扭力学性能.首先建立了方形和圆形钢管混凝土纯扭构件的有限元模型,并将模拟结果与相应试验结果进行对比,以验证有限元模型的准确性;接着采用验证的有限元模型分析了六边形钢管混凝土纯扭构件的扭矩(T)-剪应变(γ)关系曲线、构件剪应力分布规律和钢管对混凝土的约束力分布...     

On the dynamic response of sandwich panels with different core set-ups subject to global and local blast loads

The recent increase in blast and impact threats has led to an emerging interest in sandwich structures due to their superior performance in such loading environments. The optimised architecture of this class in conjunction with additional benefits of high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios vital to weight-sensitive military applications has led to numerous research works on the topic. In this study, the dynamic response of four circular sandwich panel constructions with different core designs under global and local blast loading conditions has been investigated. Numerical finite element (FE) models have been set up to study the effect of additional core interlayers on blast resistance enhancement of these sandwich panels. The objectives are (1) to assess the existing blast resistance capacity, (2) to increase the dynamic energy absorption, (3) to improve the stress distribution through plastic deformation, and (4) to ensure sacrificial damage to the additional core layers; hence, to avoid the main part of the core being damaged by excessive shear deformation, the dominant failure mode in conventional sandwich panels. A ductile elastomeric layer of polyurea, and a fairly compressible Divinycell-H200 foam layer have been selected as the additional core interlayers, and they have been placed in different arrangements to improve the overall blast resistance of the standard sandwich panel with glass-fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP) face-sheets, and balsawood core. Dynamic explicit FE analyses were carried out using the commercial package ABAQUS 6.9-1. Comparison of specific kinetic and strain energies shows the effect of additional core layers on the blast energy absorption of a sandwich system. The study shows the improvement in shear failure prevention of the core as a result of the use of additional core layers and a reduction in the level of kinetic and strain energies in the protected core in both absolute and relative terms. The stress contours show a smoother stress distribution in enhanced cases. These conclusions are confirmed and explained by using a qualitative two-degree-of-freedom system with an elastic-viscoplastic spring element representing the integral effects of sacrificial additional core interlayers and a nonlinear spring representing the stiffness of the conventional sandwich system and comparing the results of dynamic analysis with a similar qualitative single-degree-of-freedom model of a conventional sandwich panel.     

爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土板破坏评定方法

压力-冲量(P-I)曲线是结构构件在爆炸荷载作用下的初始设计及在爆炸荷载作用后的破坏评定的有效工具。目前,确定结构构件的P-I曲线采用的方法均是基于单自由度结构体系假定的,并且多以结构构件的中点位移作为破坏指标。然而在爆炸荷载作用下,结构构件大多因高阶响应而发生局部破坏,且可能发生弯剪破坏。因此,通过将结构构件简化为单自由度体系模型并且选择结构构件中点位移为单一破坏指标获得的结构构件的P-I曲线,不能准确评定其破坏程度。利用LS-DYNA有限元动力分析软件,建立了典型钢筋混凝土板在爆炸荷载作用下响应和破坏的分析方法,提出了基于钢筋混凝土板跨中截面受弯剩余承载力的破坏指标以及利用数值方法确定钢筋混凝土板跨中截面受弯剩余承载力的步骤。同时,综合分析数值模拟结果,拟合了钢筋混凝土板P-I曲线的数学表达式,提出了一种简化了的确定钢筋混凝土板P-I曲线的方法,采用该方法确定的P-I曲线可用来对任意爆炸荷载作用后钢筋混凝土板的破坏进行评定。     

Calculation of pure distortional elastic buckling loads of members subjected to compression via the finite element method

An analysis procedure is presented which allows to calculate pure distortional elastic buckling loads by means of the finite element method (FEM). The calculation is carried out using finite element models constrained according to uncoupled buckling deformation modes. The procedure consists of two steps: the first one is a generalised beam theory (GBT) analysis of the member cross-section, from which the constraints to apply to the finite element model are deduced; in the second step, a linear buckling analysis of the constrained FEM model is performed to determine the pure distortional loads. The proposed procedure is applied to thin-walled members with open cross-section, similar to those produced by cold-forming. The distortional loads obtained are rather accurate. They are in agreement with the loads given by GBT and the constrained finite strip method (cFSM).     

A full modal decomposition of thin-walled, single-branched open cross-section members via the constrained finite strip method

This paper derives a new method for fully decomposing the elastic stability solution, of a thin-walled single-branched open cross-section member, into mechanically consistent buckling classes associated with global, local, distortional, and shear and transverse extension buckling modes. The method requires a set of formal mechanical definitions for each of the buckling classes. For global and distortional buckling the definitions employed successfully by generalized beam theory are utilized herein, while for local and other (shear and transverse extension) buckling, new definitions are provided. The mechanical definitions for a given buckling class represent a series of constraint conditions on the general deformations that the thin-walled cross-section may undergo. These constraint conditions are derived as explicit constraint matrices within the context of the finite strip method, and provide the desired decomposition of the buckling deformations of the member. The decomposition is full in the sense that the union of the deformation spaces of the decomposed buckling classes is the same as the general deformation space in the original finite strip method. The resulting method is termed the constrained finite strip method (cFSM). The two primary applications for cFSM are modal decomposition and modal identification. Modal decomposition reduces the general finite strip solution to a desired set of buckling classes and performs a useful model reduction that allows the results to focus on a particular buckling class, e.g., distortional buckling. Modal identification provides a means to quantify the extent to which a given buckling class is contributing to a general buckling deformation. Application of cFSM, including graphical representation of the buckling classes, and the advantages of modal decomposition and modal identification, are provided in a series of numerical examples.     

Response of double angle and shear endplate connections at elevated temperatures

Double angle and shear endplate connections are considered simple-beam end framing connections designed to carry gravity loads only. However, during a fire event, additional thermal induced axial forces might develop in the beam and cause failure of the connection. This paper presents the results of finite element (FE) simulations on double angle and shear endplate connections assemblies in fire. FE simulations are validated against experimental results of double angle and shear endplate connections at elevated temperature. A detailed comparison of the variation of the axial force during the heating and cooling phases of a fire is made between the two connections covering the following parameters: load ratio, beam length, and double angle and shear endplate thickness and location. The results can help future design guidelines to account for the thermal induced forces and deformations in double angle and shear endplate connections during a fire.     

Finite element analysis on eccentrically compressive behavior of T-shaped multi-partition steel-concrete composite shear walls with limited width

采用合适的约束混凝土本构关系曲线,建立了T形多腔钢-混凝土组合构件的ABAQUS有限元计算模型,将有限元分析结果与文献试验结果进行对比,二者吻合较好。在验证了有限元模型及选取核心混凝土本构关系曲线可靠性的基础上,利用该有限元模型对T形短肢多腔钢-混凝土组合剪力墙的压弯受力全过程进行了分析。结果表明：在偏压荷载作用下,试件达到峰值荷载之前,多腔钢管已达到承载力,之后核心混凝土所承担的荷载仍继续增加,在试件达到峰值荷载后,核心混凝土达到承载力;与受拉区相比,受压区多腔钢管对核心混凝土的约束作用更为显著;受压区腔体角部核心混凝土强度提高幅度最大,内隔板附近次之,腔体中心处较小。     

通过有限元法计算受压构件的纯畸变弹性屈曲荷载

基于有限元法,提出一个分析方法,可以计算纯畸变弹性屈曲荷载。计算中采用的有限元模型为非耦合屈曲变形模式。具体方法分为2步:第1步,采用一般梁理论(GBT)分析构件横截面,在此可以给有限元模型施加约束条件;第2步,对受约束有限元模型进行线性屈曲分析,确定纯畸变荷载。将此法应用于开口薄壁构件和冷弯构件,得到的畸变荷载非常准确,与一般梁理论和约束有限条法(cFSM)计算的荷载值一致。     

A methodology for evaluating dynamic responses of steel columns subjected to blast load under different situations

In recent studies, the uniform simplified distribution blast load and numerical simulation have proven to be prevalent in the use of investigating structural components dynamic behaviour during blast events, whilst neglecting the negative phase pressure. This study compares the steel column's response during the total pressure period to that of its response during only the positive stage. Moreover, the real blast pressure has varying values depending on the point distance and explosion incident angle. The real blast load curve was derived by using a specialised program to calculate pressure at different points on the steel column vertical line; and the results were used to compare its impact with the uniform and concentrated cases. Also ABAQUS finite element code was used to check the validity of the single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) analysis method when the column is subjected to axial and transverse blast loads. The obtained results show the SDOF inability through dynamic reaction calculations. In addition, SDOF has limitations in dealing with dynamic steel response when the axial load ratio was greater than 0.5. Damage prediction methods and equations were introduced through different concepts and the ductility ratio was used to estimate the damage level of 100 kg TNT at 4.5 m stand-off distance. The strain rate effects were included in the material with different scenarios based on the dynamic increase factor.     

圆端形椭圆钢管混凝土短柱局部轴向受压性能研究

圆端形椭圆钢管混凝土构件作为新型异形钢管混凝土构件,具有合理的主、次轴分布和较小的阻流系数,可应用在桥梁墩柱、高架柱和拱塔上,然而目前对其局部轴向受压性能的理论研究尚有不足。提出了一种圆端形椭圆核心约束混凝土等效本构关系模型,考虑了圆端形椭圆截面特征、材料非线性、钢管与核心混凝土的复杂接触问题,建立了局压作用下圆端形椭圆钢管混凝土短柱的数值分析模型;通过试验验证了有限元分析模型的准确性;系统研究了局压面积比、钢材强度、混凝土强度、含钢率、长宽比、截面面积和垫块形状等诸多参数对其局压承载力的影响,揭示其工作机理和破坏模式,基于统一理论提出了圆端形椭圆钢管混凝土短柱的局压承载力计算方法。研究结果将为圆端形椭圆钢管混凝土柱设计和应用提供参考依据。     

基于单自由度体系的钢筋混凝土抗爆墙设计

基于单自由度体系的钢筋混凝土抗爆墙设计,是将抗爆房屋的结构按爆炸荷载传递路径进行逐个分解,再对分解后的构件进行单自由度体系的设计。同时,以构件支座转角位移为限制,确定构件的截面及配筋是否满足对变形的要求。对单自由度体系抗爆计算可采用数值求解的方法,其基本假定是加速度呈线性,求解的关键是时间增量的确定。本文通过工程实例,介绍正面承受爆炸荷载的钢筋混凝土前墙的计算方法,可为类似工程的设计提供参考。     

Modelling shear–flexure interaction in equivalent frame models of slender reinforced concrete walls

Quasi‐static cyclic tests on reinforced concrete (RC) walls have shown that shear deformations can constitute a significant ratio of the total deformations when the wall is loaded beyond the elastic regime. For slender RC walls that form a stable flexural mechanism, the ratio of shear to flexural deformations remains approximately constant over the entire range of imposed displacement ductilities. This paper proposes a method for incorporating shear‐flexure interaction effects in equivalent frame models of slender RC walls by coupling the shear force‐shear strain relationship to the curvature and axial strain in the member. The suggested methodology is incorporated in a finite element consisting of two interacting spread inelasticity sub‐elements representing flexural and shear response, respectively. The element is implemented in the general finite element code IDARC and validated against experimental results of RC cantilever walls. In a second step, it is applied in inelastic static and dynamic analyses of tall wall and wall‐frame systems. It is shown that ignoring shear‐flexure interaction may lead to erroneous predictions in particular of local ductility and storey drift demands. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高轴压比SRC剪力墙抗震性能分析

采用MSC.Marc建立SRC剪力墙有限元分析模型,通过对5片SRC剪力墙试件的非线性有限元分析,验证了有限元模型的合理性和可靠性。对轴压比和钢骨配钢率对SRC剪力墙抗震性能的影响进行了参数分析。SRC剪力墙的承载能力随轴压比的增加而提高,变形能力随轴压比的增大而降低;承载能力随配钢率的增加而提高,变形能力也有所提高,但轴压比较高时不明显。     

Long-term deflection of cracked composite beams with nonlinear partial shear interaction: I — Finite element modeling

In this paper, a uniaxial nonlinear finite element procedure for modeling the long-term behavior of composite beams at the serviceability limit state is presented. The finite element procedure follows a displacement-based approach. The nonlinear load-slip relationship of shear connectors as well as the creep, shrinkage, and cracking of concrete slab are accounted for in the proposed finite element procedure. The effects of creep and shrinkage of the concrete slab are considered only for uncracked concrete. The nonlinear iterative procedure adopted for tracking the nonlinear behavior of the composite beam implemented the total nodal deformations, not the incremental deformations, as the independent variables of any iteration. The results of the proposed finite element procedure were compared with the experimental results of four composite beams reported in the literature. The proposed finite element procedure was capable of predicting the deflections and stresses of the four beams with an acceptable degree of accuracy. A parametric study was conducted to study the effect of the nonlinearity of load-slip relationship of shear connectors and the cracking of the concrete deck on the long-term behavior of simply-supported composite beams.