Confinement effect of stiffened and unstiffened concrete-filled stainless steel tubular stub columns

This paper presents a comparative study between stiffened and unstiffened concrete-filled stainless steel hollow tubular stub columns using the austenitic stainless steel grade EN 1.4301 (304). Finite element analysis of concrete-filled stainless steel unstiffened tubular stub columns is constructed herein based on the confined concrete model recently available in the literature. It is then compared with the experimental results of concrete-filled stainless steel stiffened tubular stub columns. The stiffened stainless steel tubular sections were fabricated by welding four lipped angles or two lipped channels at the lips. The longitudinal stiffener of the column plate was formed to avoid shrinkage of the concrete and to act as a continuous connector between the concrete core and the stainless steel tube. The behavior of the columns was investigated using two different nominal concrete cubic strengths of 30 and 60 MPa. The overall depth-to-width ratios (aspect ratio) varied from 1.0 to 1.8. The depth-to-plate thickness ratio of the tube sections varied from 60 to 90. The stiffened and unstiffened concrete-filled stainless steel tube specimens were subjected to uniform axial compression over the concrete and stainless steel tube to force the entire section to undergo the same deformations by blocking action. The ABAQUS 6.6 program, as a finite element package, is used in the current work. The results of the comparative study showed that the stainless steel tubes in stiffened concrete-filled columns offered a high average of increase in the confinement of the concrete core than that of the unstiffened concrete-filled columns.     

Experimental investigation of concrete-filled cold-formed high strength stainless steel tube columns

This paper presents an experimental investigation of concrete-filled cold-formed high strength stainless steel tube columns. The high strength stainless steel tubes had a yield stress and tensile strength up to 536 and 961 MPa, respectively. The behaviour of the columns was investigated using different concrete cylinder strengths varied from 40 to 80 MPa. A series of tests was performed to investigate the effects of the shape of the stainless steel tube, plate thickness and concrete strength on the behaviour and strength of concrete-filled high strength stainless steel tube columns. The high strength stainless steel tubes were cold-rolled into square and rectangular hollow sections. The depth-to-plate thickness ratio of the tube sections varied from 25.7 for compact sections to 55.8 for relatively slender sections. The columns had different lengths so the length-to-depth ratio generally remained at a constant value of 3. The concrete-filled high strength stainless steel tube specimens were subjected to uniform axial compression. The column strengths, load-axial strain relationships and failure modes of the columns were presented. The test strengths were compared with the design strengths calculated using the American specifications and Australian/New Zealand standards that consider the effect of local buckling using an effective width concept in the calculation of the stainless steel tube column strengths. Based on the test results, design recommendations were proposed for concrete-filled high strength stainless steel tube columns.     

带肋方钢管混凝土轴压短柱试验研究及有限元分析

以方钢管宽厚比和加劲肋高厚比为主要变化参数,进行了14个带肋方钢管混凝土轴压短柱试验研究;同时采用有限元软件ABAQUS对带肋方钢管混凝土轴压短柱的荷载-变形关系进行了计算,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。同时从应力-应变关系、核心混凝土和钢管的纵向应力分布及其相互作用等方面对比分析了无肋、单肋和双肋方钢管混凝土轴压短柱的受力性能。分析结果表明：设置加劲肋不仅提高了核心混凝土的纵向应力,而且明显减小了钢管管壁的拉应力区范围,改善了管壁的稳定性;带肋试件的约束作用主要集中在钢管角部和加劲肋处,随着每边加劲肋数量的增加,角部约束力明显增大。图13表1参11     

Numerical modelling of concrete-filled lean duplex slender stainless steel tubular stub columns

Major technological advances in materials processing have led to the development of duplex stainless steels with exceptional mechanical properties. Duplexes have great potential for expanding future structural design possibilities, enabling a reduction in section sizes leading to lighter structures. The duplex grades offer combination of higher strength than austenitics as well as a great majority of carbon steels with similar or superior corrosion resistance. However, high nickel prices have more recently led to a demand for lean duplexes with low nickel content, such as grade EN 1.4162. Extensive work is needed to include the lean duplex grade EN 1.4162, into design standards such as EN 1993-1-4 and ENV 1994-1-1. Accordingly, finite element modelling for concrete-filled lean duplex slender stainless steel tubular stub columns of Grade EN 1.4162 is presented in this paper. The paper is predominantly concerned with two parameters: cross-section shape and concrete compressive strength, which have not yet been investigated. The non-linear displacement analysis of the columns was constructed herein based on the confined concrete model provided by Hu et al. (2003) [15]. The behaviour of the columns was investigated using a range of concrete cylinder strengths (25–100 MPa). The overall depth-to-width ratios (aspect ratio) varied from 1.0 to 1.8. The depth-to-plate thickness ratio of the tube sections varied from 60 to 90. The concrete-filled lean duplex slender stainless steel tubular columns were subjected to uniform axial compression over the concrete and stainless steel tube to force the entire section to undergo the same deformations by blocking action. The ABAQUS 6.6 program, as a finite element package, is used in the current work. The results showed that the design rules specified in the ASCE are highly conservative for square and rectangular concrete-filled lean duplex slender stainless steel stub columns while they are conservative in the case of European specifications. A new design strength is, therefore, proposed that is accurately found to represent the behaviour of concrete-filled lean duplex stainless steel tubular stub columns.     

Nonlinear behavior of concrete-filled stainless steel stiffened slender tube columns

This paper investigates the nonlinear behavior of concrete-filled high strength stainless steel stiffened slender square and rectangular hollow section columns. The stiffened slender tubes had overall depth-to-plate thickness (D/t) ratios ranging 60–160. The concrete strengths covered normal and high-strength concrete. The investigation focused on short axially loaded columns. A nonlinear finite element (FE) model has been developed to study the behavior of the concrete-filled stiffened tube columns. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the effects of cross-section geometry and concrete strength on the behavior and strength of the columns. The results of the concrete-filled stiffened tube columns were compared with the results of the companion concrete-filled unstiffened tube columns. It is shown that the concrete-filled stiffened slender tube columns offer a considerable increase in the column strength and ductility than the concrete-filled unstiffened slender tube columns. The column strengths obtained from the FE analysis were compared with the design strengths calculated using the American specifications and Australian/New Zealand standards. A design equation was proposed for concrete-filled stainless steel stiffened slender tube columns. It is shown that the proposed modified equation provides more accurate design strengths compared to the American and Australian/New Zealand predictions.     

Effect of reinforcement stiffeners on square concrete-filled steel tubular columns subjected to axial compressive load

Eight stiffened square concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) stub columns with slender sections of encasing steel and two non-stiffened counterparts were tested subjected to axial compressive load. Four types of reinforcement stiffeners and steel tensile strips were introduced to postpone local buckling of steel tubes, in which the tensile strip was first used as stiffener in CFSTs. The stiffening mechanism, failure modes of concrete and steel tubes, strength and ductility of stiffened square CFSTs were also studied during the experimental research. A numerical modeling program was developed and verified against the experimental data. The program incorporates the effect of the stiffeners on postponing local buckling of the tube and the tube confinement on concrete core. Extensive parametric analysis was also conducted to examine the influencing parameters on mechanical properties of stiffened square CFSTs.     

方钢管高强混凝土短柱有限元分析

文章基于冷弯型方钢管高强混凝土短柱试件的轴心受压试验,采用ABAQUS通用有限元分析软件对试件的轴压工况进行数值计算。采用合理的材料本构方程、建模与网格划分方法,使有限元计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。分析了在荷载-应变典型曲线特征点时轴压短柱试件的核心混凝土横截面轴向应力分布和试件在各阶段的受力性能。得到如下结论:钢管的冷弯区域决定了核心混凝土横截面轴向应变的分布;轴压短柱达到极限承载力时,核心混凝土由于方钢管的约束作用,其抗压强度得到明显提高;文章采用的有限元模型在分析冷弯型方钢管高强混凝土轴压短柱时是可行的。     

Finite element analysis on axial loading behavior of stub columns of square concrete-filled steel tube with diagonal ribs

为改善方钢管对核心混凝土的约束效应和薄壁钢管混凝土柱的受力性能,提出了带斜拉肋方钢管混凝土柱,其中斜拉肋通长并焊接于钢管两邻边的三分点处。基于有限元软件ABAQUS,对带斜拉肋的方钢管混凝土短柱的轴压受力性能进行了精细化模拟,分析了斜拉肋的设置与否、钢管宽厚比、混凝土强度、斜拉肋厚度、钢材强度、斜拉肋与钢管之间焊缝间隔长度及斜拉肋孔径、间距对轴压力学性能的影响。结果表明：设置斜拉肋可使方钢管混凝土短柱的轴压承载力平均提高14.9%左右,并使方钢管对核心混凝土的约束效果增加,即组合作用系数从1.031平均增加到1.103,尤其可以明显改善大宽厚比方钢管混凝土柱的轴压承载力及组合作用;采用较薄厚度的斜拉肋,可使短柱的组合作用更好,并能充分发挥材料的性能。     

Behavior of concrete-filled rectangular weathering steel tubular stub columns under axially compressive loading

为了研究耐候钢管混凝土轴压短柱的受力性能,开展了矩形截面形式共4根耐候钢管混凝土轴压短柱试验研究,采用有限元法对试验轴压短柱性能进行了建模分析。结合试验和有限元法,分析比较耐候钢管混凝土轴压短柱与普通钢管混凝土轴压短柱受力性能的差异。研究结果表明：耐候钢材拉伸性能试验表明耐候钢材与碳素钢的力学性能相似,文中采用的钢材本构关系对耐候钢适用;设置约束拉筋使得构件承载力、延性以及钢管对混凝土的约束作用均有提高;耐候钢管混凝土短柱试验研究、有限元分析结果均表明耐候钢管混凝土短柱轴压性能与普通钢管混凝土无显著差异。     

圆钢管钢筋再生混凝土短柱轴压承载力

针对再生混凝土相对普通混凝土延性较差、承载力较低的特点,利用钢管和钢筋笼对再生混凝土的约束作用,将钢筋再生混凝土灌入圆钢管中形成圆钢管钢筋再生混凝土短柱进行研究。基于极限分析法、套箍理论以及双剪统一强度理论,考虑钢管和钢筋笼的双重约束效应,提出了一套包含钢管径厚比、约束效应系数、含钢率以及再生粗骨料取代率等影响因素的圆钢管钢筋再生混凝土短柱轴压承载力计算方法。在理论推导的基础上,考虑短柱的非线性、钢管与再生混凝土的滑移影响,采用ABAQUS有限元软件对圆钢管钢筋再生混凝土短柱进行建模分析; 将理论公式值、有限元仿真结果以及相关文献试验数据进行对比,验证公式的有效性与适用性。结果表明:加了钢筋笼的圆钢管钢筋再生混凝土比圆钢管再生混凝土短柱轴压承载力提高10%左右,研究结论可以为实际工程的应用提供理论基础。     

Experiment study of stirrup-confined concrete-filled square double-skin steel tubular stub columns under axial loading

通过带拉筋方中空夹层钢管混凝土轴压短柱受力性能试验,研究了拉筋配箍率对试件承载力、刚度、延性及横向变形系数的影响。采用混凝土三轴受力状态本构模型和钢材本构模型,应用ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立并验证了带拉筋方中空夹层钢管混凝土轴压短柱三维实体有限元模型,有限元计算结果与试验结果吻合良好;在此基础上,分析了拉筋对内外方钢管和混凝土约束作用机理。研究结果表明:拉筋能有效缓解了方钢管的局部屈曲,对短柱承载力、刚度、延性的提高效果明显;拉筋加强了内钢管对混凝土的约束作用,使得内钢管受力更加合理,并且拉筋配箍率越大,约束作用越明显。     

Mechanical performances of concrete-filled steel tubular stub columns with round ends under axial loading

An experimental study of 22 concrete-filled round-ended steel tubular (CFRT) stub columns under axial compression is conducted compared with 4 circular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFT) stub columns. The influences of width–thickness ratio, concrete strength, steel yield strength and wall-thickness of steel tube on the ultimate bearing capacity of the CFRT columns are discussed. The 3D finite element (FE) model is also developed to analyze the behavior of the CFRT columns under axial compression. From the results, local buckling of the round-ended steel tube associated with shear failure of in-filled concrete could be observed. With the increasing width–thickness ratio, the corresponding load–strain curves have a shorter elastic–plastic stage. The parametric studies indicate that the concrete strength, tube thickness and width–thickness ratio of the steel tube also have a great effect on the ultimate bearing capacity. The numerical results also show that the confinement effect of the stub columns decreases with the increasing width–thickness ratio. A practical calculation formula for the bearing capacity of the CFRT stub columns is proposed, which is well in agreement with the experimental results.     

复合约束方钢管混凝土短柱轴压性能有限元分析

为延缓轴压作用下方钢管的局部屈曲,提高方钢管对核心混凝土的约束能力,提出了一种内置方形箍筋的复合约束方钢管混凝土柱。采用有限元软件ABAQUS对该柱进行模拟,研究其在轴向压力作用下的破坏模式、承载能力、延性、箍筋应力分布和复合约束特性,并分析了混凝土强度、方钢管壁厚对其轴压力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：提高混凝土强度、增加方钢管厚度和增设方形钢筋笼均能显著提高短柱的承载能力;方形箍筋在弹性阶段约束作用较小,其主要在弹塑性阶段和流塑性阶段发挥约束作用,设置方形箍筋可以有效提高短柱承载能力和延性,且其对延性的提高更为显著;方钢管对混凝土的约束作用整体表现为“角部大”的特点,方形箍筋可以有效增强对方钢管边长中部区域混凝土的约束作用,进而使混凝土在各方向受到的约束作用趋于均匀。     

多室式钢管混凝土T形短柱轴压性能试验研究

对钢管混凝土T形柱进行合理的改进,提出多室式钢管混凝土T形柱(MT-CFST柱)。进行12个短柱试件的轴压试验并对其破坏过程作了详细描述,给出试件的轴压应力-纵向平均应变曲线,同时也考察试件的破坏形态及截面各尺寸、板件布置方式、钢板厚度、混凝土强度等因素对试件力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:多室式钢管混凝土T形柱能较好地增强T形截面内钢材对混凝土的约束作用,发挥两种材料的组合性能;试件的破坏以局部鼓曲和整体剪切两种形式为主,轴压性能受腹板高度、钢板厚度及混凝土强度的影响较大。同时,参考国内外4种钢管混凝土规范中的计算方法对试件的承载力进行计算,经过对比后发现,按EC4规范计算的结果与试验结果符合最好。     

Experimental behaviour of stiffened concrete-filled thin-walled hollow steel structural (HSS) stub columns

Test results on concrete-filled steel tubular stub columns with inner or outer welded longitudinal stiffeners under axial compression are presented in this paper. The research was mainly focused on square hollow section (SHS) columns; two rectangular hollow section (RHS) columns were also tested. A longitudinal stiffener was provided on each side of the stiffened SHS column, while only two stiffeners were welded to the longer sides of the stiffened RHS column. The main experimental parameters considered were the height-to-thickness ratio and stiffener rigidity. In addition, empty tubes with or without stiffeners, as well as unstiffened concrete-filled steel tubes were also tested for comparison. Requirements for stiffener rigidity are developed by modifying a formula presented in the literature. Existing theoretical model and design codes were used to predict the load versus axial strain relationships and load-carrying capacities of the adequately stiffened composite sections respectively; reasonable results were achieved.     

Behaviour of normal and high strength concrete-filled compact steel tube circular stub columns

This paper presents the behaviour and design of axially loaded concrete-filled steel tube circular stub columns. The study was conducted over a wide range of concrete cube strengths ranging from 30 to 110 MPa. The external diameter of the steel tube-to-plate thickness (D/t) ratio ranged from 15 to 80 covering compact steel tube sections. An accurate finite element model was developed to carry out the analysis. Accurate nonlinear material models for confined concrete and steel tubes were used. The column strengths and load-axial shortening curves were evaluated. The results obtained from the finite element analysis were verified against experimental results. An extensive parametric study was conducted to investigate the effects of different concrete strengths and cross-section geometries on the strength and behaviour of concrete-filled compact steel tube circular stub columns. The column strengths predicted from the finite element analysis were compared with the design strengths calculated using the American, Australian and European specifications. Based on the results of the parametric study, it is found that the design strengths given by the American Specifications and Australian Standards are conservative, while those of the European Code are generally unconservative. Reliability analysis was performed to evaluate the current composite column design rules.     

方形截面不锈钢管混凝土短柱轴压承载性能试验研究

为研究不锈钢管混凝土(CFSST)短柱的轴压承载性能,对9根奥氏体型S30408和9根双相型S22053不锈钢管混凝土短柱以及6根对应相同尺寸的不锈钢空钢管进行了轴压试验,试验测得了荷载-位移曲线、荷载-应变曲线以及短柱的破坏情况等.结果 表明:CFSST短柱均呈腰鼓型破坏,不锈钢管呈现双面鼓曲、双面内凹的局部失稳破坏...     

不同圆心角圆端形钢管混凝土短柱轴压性能

为研究圆心角60°和120°圆端形钢管混凝土短柱轴压力学性能,对4个圆端形钢管混凝土短柱进行轴压试验,探究不同圆心角和宽厚比对其极限承载力的影响。基于试验结果,应用有限元软件ABAQUS进行三维实体建模,对圆端形钢管混凝土短柱进行参数分析,研究了钢材强度、混凝土强度、宽厚比、高宽比、尺寸效应等对极限承载力的影响。基于参数分析,建立圆心角为60°和120°圆端形钢管混凝土短柱极限承载力实用计算公式。结果表明:破坏形态均为局部屈曲破坏,且平直段区域均出现局部屈曲现象; 随圆心角增大,构件极限承载力增大; 随宽厚比增大,极限承载力呈现下降趋势; 当圆弧段圆心角从60°增大至120°时,强度指标降低,表明整体约束效应减弱; 圆端形钢管混凝土轴压短柱的整体约束效应随圆心角增大而减小; 随着钢材强度、混凝土强度的增大和构件宽厚比的减小,极限承载力逐渐增大; 不同圆心角的尺寸效应对其极限承载力与初始刚度的影响类似,随着构件尺寸增大,极限承载力与初始刚度均呈现增大的趋势。     

Mechanical behavior of stirrup-confined circular concrete-filled steel tubular stub columns under axial loading

通过井字形拉筋、米字形拉筋和圆环箍筋等3组拉筋约束形式带拉筋圆钢管混凝土短柱轴压性能对比试验,研究不同拉筋约束形式、拉筋体积配箍率对圆钢管混凝土轴压短柱的承载力和延性等的影响;采用合理的混凝土三轴受力本构模型和钢材本构模型,应用ABAQUS非线性有限元分析软件对带拉筋圆钢管混凝土轴压短柱进行三维有限元分析,有限元计算结果与试验结果吻合较好;在此基础上,分析了带拉筋圆钢管混凝土轴压短柱中钢管、拉筋或箍筋、核心混凝土之间的组合作用。结果表明：井字形拉筋圆钢管混凝土轴压短柱的承载力最高,延性最好,钢管、拉筋和核心混凝土之间的组合作用最强;提高体积配箍率可以有效提高圆钢管混凝土短柱的轴压承载力和延性。     

圆高强钢管超高性能混凝土短柱轴压性能试验研究

为研究采用高强材料的钢管混凝土构件的基本力学性能,开展9根含钢率为0.14~0.38的高强钢管超高性能混凝土（ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)短柱轴压性能试验,同时分析钢管强度和混凝土强度变化对轴压性能的影响。试验结果表明：与普通钢管UHPC柱和高强钢管普通混凝土柱相比,若其他条件相近,高强钢管UHPC柱中高强钢管的局部鼓曲和UHPC的脆性特征得到更明显改善。钢管屈服后,为避免UHPC产生过大的横向膨胀而导致强度损失,应控制套箍作用尽早出现。采用已验证的有限元模型,开展参数分析发现,钢管混凝土短柱的轴压承载力随含钢率的增加而增大,二者的关系与混凝土强度基本独立,但与钢管强度密切相关。由于材料强度超出了现有规范的限定范围,GB 50936—2014《钢管混凝土结构技术规程》中对高强材料钢管混凝土短柱轴压承载力的预测存在一定偏差。基于有限元数据样本,建立了高强材料钢管混凝土短柱的轴压承载力计算方法。经相关文献的试验结果验证表明,该计算方法的预测精度高,可用于实际工程。