马坑铁矿地下水流场变化特征与疏干防治对策

福建马坑铁矿属水文地质条件复杂的顶板直接岩溶充水矿床,开采以来不断发生的岩溶水涌（突）水灾害严重制约着矿区安全生产。地下水流场的形态是矿区水文地质条件的综合反映,利用不同时期的岩溶水动态观测数据,绘制并分析了矿区多个时段岩溶水的流场形态,总结发现随着矿区岩溶水不断疏干,矿区岩溶水系统补给、径流与排泄更多受断层破碎带的控制,同时也因岩溶发育及岩性的不同而有所差异,地下水流场形态变化在空间上不仅没有很好的一致性,也明显地制约着矿区岩溶水的全面疏干。针对矿区流场形态变化的主控因素,提出了具有针对性的疏干防治对策。     

复杂岩溶矿区降水开采条件下的地表水渗漏定量评价

福建马坑铁矿属国内特大型地下开采铁矿,也是水文地质条件复杂的岩溶充水矿区,其外源性河流--溪马河流经矿区并多处与断层相交,可能通过断层破碎带渗漏补给矿区岩溶水,对矿区深部开采构成明显威胁。在详细分析溪马河与矿区岩溶水关系的基础上,针对可能发生渗漏的地段,设计并建设了地表水流量自动监测系统,不仅解决了山区深切河系人工测量费时、费力、误差大的问题,并通过对获得的监测数据进行计算与分析,掌握了目前生产排水,岩溶水位不断下降的条件下,溪马河各段的渗漏情况,为矿区地表、地下水的联合防治提供了基础性依据。介绍的工作方法可为相似条件矿区提供借鉴和指导。     

查岗诺尔铁矿水文地质特征及矿坑涌水量预测

新疆和静县查岗诺尔铁矿区含水岩层(体)与透水层分为6种类型,矿床充水的主要来源是降水和高山冰川融水(融雪水、融冰水)的下渗。岩溶裂隙一般比非岩溶裂隙充水程度强,突水为矿坑充水的主要表现形式,矿坑涌水量预测采用水文地质比拟法。矿区地下水以静储量为主,静储量排泄后,流量便会变小,趋于稳定。     

超大型锰矿水文地质条件对矿山开采影响分析

为了研究桃子坪超大型锰矿水文地质条件对矿山开采的影响,通过开展区域水文地质调查和矿区水文地质调查,确定了矿区地表水特征、地下水类型及岩层含水性、矿床水文地质结构、构造破碎带的水文地质特征及矿区地下水动态变化特征。基于此,对矿床充水影响因素进行研究,确定矿床充水的主要通道,计算分析矿区正常涌水量和最大涌水量,探讨了后期开采地表水和地下水资源的可利用情况,综合分析了矿区水文地质特征对矿山开采的影响。     

对邯邢铁矿田矿山地下水综合治理的探讨

本文论述了邯邢铁矿田水文地质环境的主要因素,分析了矿坑充水途径,根据矿区与区域含水层的水力联系程度,将矿区分为三个不同的水文地质类型,对各不同类型矿区地下水的综合治理进行了探讨。     

黔南银堂井田充水因素分析

通过银堂煤矿井田地质及水文地质调查,进行综合研究,查明了矿区内区域地质、水文地质条件,并主要从充水水源和充水通道两方面对矿区充水因素进行分析。认为矿区属侵蚀、溶蚀的岩溶地貌类型;属水文地质条件复杂的岩溶充水矿床;地表水、地下水的补给来源主要是大气降水。本矿直接充水水源为老窑水、煤系本身岩层含水及大黄沟水库;充水通道以断层通道为主;同时为预防今后矿井掘进中可能会遇到直接充水含水层溶洞水突水应进行超前探水、放水;为避免老窑积水与地表水的突然溃入,应进一步查清老窑区分布、积水情况,提前进行抽放及避免茅口灰岩水可能通过断层通道涌入矿井等问题分别提出了合理的建议。     

福建省某铁矿岩溶水疏干试验方案优化设计

福建省某铁矿属于水文地质条件复杂的岩溶充水矿床,转入深部开采不仅面临水压高、涌水量大等问题,且深部水文地质条件局部不明,大型疏干试验势在必行。介绍了如何根据矿区水文地质条件和生产需求来设计疏干试验,包括选择疏干试验方式和布置疏干试验工程,合理设计疏干试验顺序、估算疏干流量与降深等多个部分,可满足降低矿区岩溶水位和查清水文地质条件的要求。其中在地下巷道放水孔的设计中利用本水平（中段）疏干和超前水平（中段）联合疏干,放水孔非均匀布置等,可为今后其他矿山深部开采疏干试验提供借鉴。     

洪范池铁矿矿坑涌水量预测分析

该文以洪范池铁矿为例,在综合分析了矿区地质、水文地质特征的基础上,研究了矿坑充水水源、充水通道等充水因素。采用地下水动力学法及地下水动力学法和解析法相结合的方法预测了矿坑涌水量,并对其结果进行了对比。该文为矿山企业解决铁矿生产面临的水害问题提供了很好的参考。     

安徽省宿松县廖河大理岩矿矿区水文地质特征

对安徽省宿松县廖河大理岩矿区气象、水文、地形、地貌、地层和岩层富水性特征进行了研究,查明了地表水和地下水的补给、径流和排泄条件,分析了矿床充水水源与途径,地下水及地表水的动态变化规律。研究表明:(1)矿区的矿床类型是以溶蚀裂隙为主的岩溶充水型矿床,矿区水文地质条件为中等类型;(2)采用大井法预测的矿区北矿段首采段和终采段的矿坑涌水量分别为103 978,107 948 m3/d。     

中洞石灰岩矿区矿坑涌水量预测方法

介绍了中洞石灰岩矿区的水文地质边界条件、主要含水层及岩溶发育特征，研究了地下水的补给、径流、排泄条件，分析了矿坑充水因素，采用了两种方法对矿坑涌水量进行计算。     

中关铁矿堵水帷幕内外水位变化规律

中关铁矿位于水文地质条件复杂、透水性强的奥陶系石灰岩中,该矿在井建期间一直受到严重的水害威胁。在详细分析矿区含水层特征、富水性变化规律及地下水运动特征的基础上,对中关铁矿堵水帷幕内外的水位随季节及年份的动态变化规律进行了分析。结果表明：帷幕内外地下水的动态变化规律不仅受区域地下水径流条件和季节更替的影响,还受帷幕本身及帷幕区域内井巷工程施工及疏干排水作用的影响。根据对矿区水文地质条件及帷幕内外水位变化规律的宏观认识,提出了矿井建设过程中的突水防治对策：工作面超前探水、修建蓄水水仓、矿坑内进行超阶段疏干及对地下水水位和矿井涌水量的持续观测等。     

武山铜矿地下水数值模拟与矿坑涌水量预测

地下水数值模拟是矿坑疏干排水设计的基础.该文以江西武山铜矿为研究对象,根据矿区地质构造、地层分布及水文地质条件,对矿区的岩溶-裂隙含水系统进行概化,建立地下水流三维数学模型,结合现场抽水试验资料,采用MODFLOW有限差分法进行地下水模拟,预测矿井在不同设计疏干水平下,地下水流场分布及矿区涌水量大小,为矿山地下水有效防治和安全生产提供依据.     

Delineating the Origin of Groundwater in the Golgohar Mine Area of Iran Using Stable Isotopes of <Superscript>2</Superscript>H and <Superscript>18</Superscript>O and Hydrochemistry

The Golgohar iron ore mine in southern Iran is a large open pit that uses dewatering (≈4000–5000 m³/day) to prevent flooding. A vast cone of depression has formed, and water from a large area flows into the pit. A study of the different sources of this water was necessary to plan a proper dewatering project. Moreover, the discharged water is saline and contains high levels of contaminants. Based on hydrochemical and isotope (¹⁸O and ²H) analysis, it was concluded that the area’s deep saline groundwater is coming from the Sirjan (Kheirabad) salt playa (north of the mine) by saltwater intrusion while the chemistry of more distant groundwater was due to dissolved minerals.     

New Karst Sinkhole Formation Mechanism Discovered in a Mine Dewatering Area in Hunan,China

The Meitanba Coal Mine in Hunan province, China, has experienced severe karst sinkhole hazards since 1982. Mine dewatering that began in 1955 has produced a groundwater cone of depression encompassing an area of 219.19 km² as of 2014. Most dewatering-induced sinkholes occurred on three occasions: at the beginning of dewatering, at times when groundwater level dropped beneath the bedrock surface, and at times when water inrushes occurred. Sinkholes would not be typically anticipated in the stabilized groundwater cone of depression. However, over the last decades, many sinkholes including a large one, 80 m in diameter and 30 m in depth, that occurred at a primary school in 2010 have formed in the dewatering zone, even though a series of treatments have been taken to prevent such karst hazards. To determine the dynamic mechanisms of the sinkhole formation in the dewatering zone, the Dachengqiao region was selected as a study site and high-frequency monitoring of groundwater–air pressures was performed in the underlying karst conduit system. The monitoring results showed very intense pressure changes in the dewatering zone with a maximum fluctuation of 54.72 m and a maximum instant fluctuation rate of 70.6 cm H₂O/min. The abrupt pressure changes are more likely caused by air blasting and soil collapse and can be a key factor triggering the sinkhole collapses.     

从马坑铁矿看我国南方岩溶金属矿山防治水工作

我国南方金属岩溶矿山存在突水事故频发、地下水资源枯竭、岩溶塌陷等水文地质环境问题。用地下水系统理论指导岩溶金属矿山防治水工作,查明矿区岩溶水系统的边界、内部结构及系统与环境间的关系,可使水文地质工作更具方向性和目标性。利用地下水位自动监测、高精度自动示踪试验、三维可视化水文地质信息管理等新技术、新方法,查明河道渗漏、岩溶水集中径流通道等关键水文地质问题,可节省大量人力、物力,减少资金投入。     

大冶铁矿铁门坎采区深部开采地下水涌水量预测

通过广泛调查大冶铁矿铁门坎采区的水文地质情况,从水文地质条件、充水情况等方面研究影响铁门坎采区地下水涌水量的因素,同时运用"大井法"计算矿坑-230m中段涌水量,结果证明了该方法应用的可行性。因此,运用"大井法"可以进一步对矿山深部开采-350m中段的涌水量进行预测,从而为矿山进行深部开采和防治水措施的施行提供了一定价值的参考意见。     

Evaluating the Origin of Seepage Water in the Golgohar Iron Mine,Iran

The Golgohar mine produces iron ore from an open pit in south-central Iran that is now more than 100 m below the water table, and dewatering has not solved the mine’s water seepage problem. Previous studies had reported that Kheirabad (Sirjan) Playa, 13 km north of the mine, was the most probable groundwater source. A combination of geological, hydrogeological, hydrochemical, and isotopic techniques were used to evaluate the hydraulic connectivity between the mine and the lake, and to characterize the probable water sources. Thirty-two surface and groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for major and minor (Li, B, and Br) constituents. Ten water samples were analyzed for oxygen-18 and deuterium and three samples were analyzed for tritium. The results indicated that impermeable formations and very low-permeability alluvial deposits lie between lake and the pit. In addition, the chemical and isotopic signatures of the two water sources indicated different origins. Inverse geochemical modeling and the mine water’s isotopic signatures suggest that the water is coming from the surrounding alluvial aquifer, or is deep basin water from within the fractured bedrock, or a mixture of the two.     

侏罗纪煤田宝塔山砂岩含水层大流量大降深放水试验

为了在抽水试验的基础上进一步查明侏罗纪煤田宝塔山砂岩含水层的水文地质特征,开展了井下放水试验,单孔放水量平均值为237.91 m3/h,多孔放水量平均值为444.10 m3/h,宝塔山砂岩含水层地下水位下降最大值达310 m.通过大流量大降深放水试验,计算出含水层的渗透系数和单位涌水量,确定宝塔山砂岩含水层与白垩系、煤...     

A Study of Water-Inrush Mechanisms Based on Geo-Mechanical Analysis and an In-situ Groundwater Investigation in the Zhongguan Iron Mine,China

The Zhongguan iron mine is strongly threatened by water inrushes because of the thick Ordovician limestone aquifer and a variety of concealed faults. An inrush event occurred at ?260 m below sea level (bsl), inundating the mine during the mineral deposit developing stage. It was very important to understand why and how this occurred to prevent its recurrence. A numerical simulation of a process-based model of the excavation, together with an in-situ groundwater investigation, showed that the event was related to the normally impermeable X1 fault, which was gradually activated from the bottom of the aquifer to the mine roof as excavation developed. The activated fault transformed into an inrush channel, hydraulically connecting the aquifer and the roadway. Thus, faults and other geological structures have to be mapped before mining. Moreover, sealing possible water channels before excavation in potential inrush areas is much better than advance dewatering because of the aquifer’s transmissivity and the limited effectiveness of grout curtains.